Carmen Sandiego (character)

Carmen Isabella Sandiego
First appearance	Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?
Created by	Brøderbund Software (Gene Portwood, Mark Iscaro, Dane Bigham and Lauren Elliott)
Portrayed by	Rita Moreno (Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?) Mari Devon (voice) Christiane Crawford (voice)
Information
Nickname(s)	"The Lady in Red" "The World's Greatest Thief" "The Miss of Misdemeanor"
Gender	Female
Occupation	Ringleader of V.I.L.E.
Family	None known (Malcolm Avalon may be her father in the Earth series)

Carmen Sandiego is a fictional character featured in a long-running edutainment series of the same name. As a criminal mastermind and the elusive nemesis of the ACME Detective Agency, Sandiego is the principal villain of the series and head of ACME's rival organization V.I.L.E. She is an important part of the series, which originally focused on teaching geography and history (although the series later extended to mathematics and English). The character later appeared in a series of books and many other licensed products. Most of her crimes involve spectacular and often impossible cases of theft. Her full name, according to Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge, is Carmen Isabella Sandiego.

Carmen Sandiego is almost always portrayed as a woman with a red trench coat, a matching fedora and long brown hair, although her hair color was given to be "auburn" or "black" in some of the earliest games. Her fedora is often shown leaving her face in shadow and obscuring her eyes. When her eyes are visible, they are usually brown, although they were blue in Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego? and in Carmen Sandiego Math Detective. In many appearances she also wears gray or black gloves.

In the original Brøderbund games and in all the TV shows, she wore a yellow or orange dress under her trench coat, with a matching stripe on her fedora, and red high-heeled shoes (best recognized in this outfit). She also seemed to have a flair for elegance, often wearing jewelry. However, in the games created under The Learning Company, her appearance was retooled so that she wore a grayish black catsuit under her trench coat, with the stripe on her fedora changed to match, and more practical footwear.

Overview

In most Carmen Sandiego media, it is stated or implied that the title thief steals only for the challenge of it, although some of her V.I.L.E. minions seem to be more traditionally motivated. She often describes her schemes and the user/protagonists attempts to stop them as being a game, which they ironically are, regularly gloating that she is impossible to capture or that her plans are infallible and acting as though any efforts made against her are extremely trivial. Sometimes, she asserts that it is impossible for anyone to understand her or her motives and seems to revel at how difficult she can make it for anyone trying to figure her out.

In the original Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? game from 1985, it is stated that Carmen is a former spy for the Intelligence Service of Monaco and that she is "an agent, double agent, triple agent, and quadruple agent for so many countries that even she has forgotten which one she is working for," but this background seems to have since been abandoned. Carmen now has a different origin story which has been consistently maintained for over a decade. Typically, it is explained that she was an ace detective for the ACME Detective Agency who found catching criminals too easy and decided that outsmarting ACME itself would make for greater challenges.

In both the animated TV series Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego? and in the computer game Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge, it is heavily hinted that, despite her thieving ways, she may still have some goodness left in her. The character has, however, never been depicted turning back to the "good" side outright, although she has often been encouraged to do so. Nevertheless, Carmen tries to maintain a reputation as a "thief with a conscience" in the Earth series and ACME agents who used to work closely with her are often shown to have mixed feelings about imprisoning her.

In other media, however, the character seems more than willing to bring chaos and destruction upon the world. For example, many of the thefts committed in the Time game show, such as stealing the history of medicine for example, would quite clearly cause millions to die, although this is never specifically stated. In Word Detective and Math Detective, she appears to be particularly fiendish, plotting to steal the concept of natural language in the former and to make herself invincible in the latter. This inconsistency in her portrayal is never explained, but it seems reasonable to assume that not all Carmen media is set in the same universe.

Depictions of the character

Carmen Sandiego has nearly always been created through animation techniques, either with various forms of computer graphics or with traditional animation. The television version of Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? is, to date, the only time the character has "officially" been portrayed in live action, aside from photographs in early game manuals.

Carmen Sandiego's voice was heard for the first time on the Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Deluxe Edition computer game during her trial after she is captured. Her voice was featured regularly in the World game show, though only during the phone tap skit. Carmen had little personality on the World show, aside from being constantly exasperated by her crooks' incompetence, and no voice artist was credited. However, later performers maintained the distinctive slightly husky voice she was given on World.

In the Earth series, Carmen had a much larger role and was voiced by Academy Award-winning actress Rita Moreno. Moreno would again voice the character for the planetarium films Where in the Universe is Carmen Sandiego? and Where in the Universe is Carmen Sandiego? II. In the computer games Carmen Sandiego: Word Detective and Carmen Sandiego: Math Detective, Mari Devon took on the title role, opposite Pat Fraley as Chase Devineaux. Most recently, her voice was provided by Christiane Crawford for Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge and Carmen Sandiego: The Secret of the Stolen Drums.

On Time, her only live-action appearance, Carmen also had little personality and was generally portrayed as a straight villainess. Furthermore, her face was never fully visible and all images of her were posterized, giving her a stylized, "unreal" look. Although the actress playing her was not directly credited, it has been confirmed that she was played by Janine LaManna in the first season, and then Brenda Burke in the second season. While Janine LaManna did not have any other roles, Brenda Burke was seen portraying minor characters, such as Eleanor Roosevelt. Efforts were made at least once, in 2006, to produce a film featuring the character, possibly starring Sandra Bullock as the titular thief.

Distinct canons

There are numerous discrepancies in the various media depicting Carmen Sandiego and there are no official rules establishing a correct canon. However, the following seems to have remained consistent throughout all Carmen Sandiego media created since around the mid-1990s:

1. Carmen Sandiego almost always wears a red trench coat with a matching fedora
2. ACME Headquarters is located in San Francisco and the leader of ACME is called "The Chief"
3. Carmen was a brilliant agent for the ACME Detective Agency until she left and formed the Villains' International League of Evil (V.I.L.E.)
4. V.I.L.E. seeks to commit incredible thefts and/or cause chaos in other ways while ACME tries to thwart them and capture their agents. In the computer games, the thefts of the minor henchmen are almost always meant to keep ACME occupied before Carmen herself pulls off the "real" crime, usually something monumental and significant to the theme of the game.
5. Carmen is incredibly, at times almost supernaturally, elusive and her permanent capture would be ACME's "holy grail"

For information beyond this, there are at least three distinct Carmen Sandiego universes.

Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego? canon

In the canon depicted in the animated television series Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego?, Carmen Sandiego was an orphan raised at the Golden Gate Girls' School in San Francisco. The Chief gave her a home at the ACME Detective Agency and, by age seventeen, she solved more cases than any other ACME agent. However, she then disappeared and turned to a life of crime. Her partner when she was at ACME was a Japanese man named Suhara, who left ACME after she did and appears to now be retired. Unlike in most of the rest of the series, the reason for Carmen leaving ACME is not specifically stated, although it is speculated by Suhara. ("Déjà Vu")

In the latter seasons of the show, Carmen began to be portrayed as more of an anti-hero than a proper villainess, even teaming up with the show's protagonists to defeat criminals more unscruplous than herself on several occasions. Additionally, it was made clear that she makes a point of refusing to steal something if the theft will cause anybody harm—a vow she frequently breaks outside this canon.

The Earth series gave the franchise a timeline, with the mid-1990s (the time the show was produced) being the present. According to this timeline, Carmen joined ACME in 1985, placing her birth in approximately 1968. Her birthday is on March 1 ("The Scavenger Hunt"). Her hair is black on this show, rather than the usual brown, as are her normally gray gloves. Her hat band on Earth is orange, matching a turtle neck and skirt she wears under her trench coat in this series.

In the two-part finale, Carmen Sandiego attempts to rob millionaire Malcolm Avalon of a statue but finds a portrait of someone who she believes is her mother based on a locket she owns and sparks the possibility that Avalon might be her father. Avalon refuses to believe that she is his daughter due to her propensity of being a thief and that he believes his daughter died in a hotel fire along with her mother in San Francisco. However, later on in the episodes he accepts the possibility that she might be his daughter.

Before finding out the ultimate truth, Avalon falls from a roof during a battle with former ACME agent Lee Jordan, and has selective amnesia of the events that have transpired. At the end of the final episode, Carmen hires a hypnotist in order to remember what happened the day of the fire. It is discovered she picked the locket off the ground, but cannot recall if it was because she dropped it, or if she found it while the hotel was burning. The finale ends with her saying, "But maybe there are just some things we aren't meant to know for sure."

Word / Math Detective canon

The six Carmen Sandiego games produced from 1996 through 1999 (Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?, Where in the U.S.A. is Carmen Sandiego?, Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego? (Carmen Sandiego's Great Chase Through Time), Carmen Sandiego: Word Detective, Carmen Sandiego: Math Detective and Carmen Sandiego's ThinkQuick Challenge) seem to form a loose canon as they feature some of the same characters. However, characters as well as some other elements often appear differently between the games due to the use of different animation styles.

It is only in Word Detective and Math Detective that substantial information about Carmen is given. In this universe, Carmen's partner when she was at ACME was Chase Devineaux and one of the last cases they worked on together involved the mythical "Prometheus Rock." Although Chase and Carmen apprehended the thieves responsible for stealing it, the rock itself was not found. When Carmen left ACME, Chase was forced to leave ACME as well since he had worked so closely with her. However, Chase began working with ACME again to stop Carmen's plan to steal language with the Babbel-On Machine, as depicted in Carmen Sandiego: Word Detective. In Carmen Sandiego: Math Detective, the whereabouts of the Prometheus Rock became all too clear when Carmen tried to use it to make herself all-powerful, although her plans were thwarted by Agent 9 (the player) and Chase. As of Carmen Sandiego's ThinkQuick Challenge, Chase is again working for ACME.

Carmen Sandiego: The Secret of the Stolen Drums canon

In this canon, Carmen Isabella Sandiego was a child prodigy, who won a substantial amount of money on a game show called It's a Wise Child (a reference to J. D. Salinger's Glass family in Franny and Zooey and many of his short stories) when she was ten years old. She used the money to travel extensively around the world until she was twelve. Her partner when she was at ACME was Jules Argent, who still works for ACME and appears to be in her early twenties. Jules specifically notes that Carmen never talked about her childhood, and aside from the mention of her winning the aforementioned game show, no details of it are given. (Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge) The game show Carmen wins may be a reference to the game shows the character herself starred in.

Other notes

• Apparently, the Carmen Sandiego universe and the Cluefinders universe are the same, as seen in The ClueFinders: Mystery Mansion Arcade, where she appears in the game's conclusion.
• Within the series, the character is usually referred to by either her full name ("Carmen Sandiego") or her given name ("Carmen"), but almost never by her last name ("Sandiego").
• According to Where in Space is Carmen Sandiego?, her favorite writer is Ursula Le Guin and her favorite astronomer is Nicolaus Copernicus.
• In Carmen Sandiego: Junior Detective Edition, the third version of Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? and Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge, Carmen owns a red helicopter. In Junior Detective and in the 1996 versions of World and U.S.A., she owns a pet cat named Carmine.
• In several episodes of The League of Super Evil, there is a Carmen Sandiego lookalike, particularly in the episode, "The Cougar."

Reception

The character has had mostly positive reception. Complex ranked her as the 27th coolest video game villain of all time. She was included in GameSpot's "All Time Greatest Video Game Villain" contest and lost to Sweet Tooth in "Round 1b". IGN placed Carmen Sandiego 62th on their list of "The Top 100 Videogame Villains", saying she "is one tricky end boss". GamePro included the character on its list of "The 47 Most Diabolical Video-Game Villains of All Time", placing her 44th.

External links

• The Elusive Carmen Sandiego: A Community based on the Carmen Sandiego universe
• The Sandiego Manor: Carmen Sandiego's Dossier at kyranthia
• Carmen Sandiego at hmheducation
• Who is Carmen Sandiego?
• Carmen Sandiego's dossier in Where in Space at [1], [2], [3].