Carpet shark
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| Carpet sharks Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Recent[1] |
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| Spotted wobbegong, Orectolobus maculatus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Superorder: | Selachimorpha |
| Order: | Orectolobiformes Applegate, 1972 |
| Families | |
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See text |
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The carpet sharks are an order, Orectolobiformes, of sharks, so called because many members have ornate patterns reminiscent of carpets.
Carpet sharks have two dorsal fins, without spines, and a small mouth that is forward of the eyes. Many have barbels and small gill slits, with the fifth slit overlapping the fourth. The upper lobe of the caudal fin tends to be mostly in line with the body, while the lower lobe is poorly developed, except in the case of the whale shark. While many in the order are small, the whale shark is the largest living fish.
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[edit] Classification
The order is small, with only around 43 species in seven families in 13 genera:
Order Orectolobiformes
- Family Brachaeluridae Applegate (Blind sharks)
- Genus Brachaelurus Ogilby, 1908
- Brachaelurus waddi (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Blind shark)
- Genus Heteroscyllium Regan, 1908
- Heteroscyllium colcloughi (Ogilby, 1908) (Bluegrey carpetshark)
- Genus Brachaelurus Ogilby, 1908
- Family Ginglymostomatidae Gill, 1862 (Nurse sharks)
- Genus Ginglymostoma J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
- Ginglymostoma cirratum Bonnaterre, 1788 (Nurse shark)
- Genus Nebrius Rüppell, 1837
- Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) (Tawny nurse shark)
- Genus Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus, 1986
- Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther, 1867) (Short-tail nurse shark)
- Genus Ginglymostoma J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
- Family Hemiscylliidae Gill, 1862 (Bamboo sharks)
- Genus Chiloscyllium J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
- Chiloscyllium arabicum Gubanov, 1980 (Arabian carpetshark)
- Chiloscyllium burmensis Dingerkus & DeFino, 1983 (Burmese bamboo shark)
- Chiloscyllium caerulopunctatum Pellegrin, 1914 (Bluespotted bamboo shark)
- Chiloscyllium griseum J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 (Grey bamboo shark)
- Chiloscyllium hasseltii Bleeker, 1852 (Hasselt's bamboo shark)
- Chiloscyllium indicum (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (Slender bamboo shark)
- Chiloscyllium plagiosum (Anonymous, referred to Bennett, 1830) (Whitespotted bamboo shark)
- Chiloscyllium punctatum J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 (Brownbanded bamboo shark)
- Genus Hemiscyllium J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
- Hemiscyllium freycineti (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Indonesian speckled carpetshark)
- Hemiscyllium galei G. R. Allen & Erdmann, 2008[2]
- Hemiscyllium hallstromi Whitley, 1967 (Papuan epaulette shark)
- Hemiscyllium henryi G. R. Allen & Erdmann, 2008[2]
- Hemiscyllium michaeli G. R. Allen & Dudgeon, 2010[3] (Milne Bay epaulette shark)
- Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre, 1788) (Epaulette shark)
- Hemiscyllium strahani Whitley, 1967 (Hooded carpetshark)
- Hemiscyllium trispeculare J. Richardson, 1843 (Speckled carpetshark)
- Genus Chiloscyllium J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
- Family Orectolobidae Gill, 1896 (Carpet sharks)
- Genus Eucrossorhinus Regan, 1908
- Eucrossorhinus dasypogon (Bleeker, 1867) (Tasselled wobbegong)
- Genus Orectolobus Bonaparte, 1834
- Orectolobus floridus Last & Chidlow, 2008 (Floral banded wobbegong)
- Orectolobus halei Whitley, 1940.[4]
- Orectolobus hutchinsi Last, Chidlow & Compagno, 2006.[5] (Western wobbegong)
- Orectolobus japonicus Regan, 1906 (Japanese wobbegong)
- Orectolobus leptolineatus Last, Pogonoski & W. T. White, 2010 (Indonesian wobbegong)
- Orectolobus maculatus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (Spotted wobbegong)
- Orectolobus ornatus (De Vis, 1883) (Ornate wobbegong)
- Orectolobus parvimaculatus Last & Chidlow, 2008 (Dwarf spotted wobbegong)
- Orectolobus reticulatus Last, Pogonoski & W. T. White, 2008 (Network wobbegong)
- Orectolobus wardi Whitley, 1939 (Northern wobbegong)
- Genus Sutorectus Whitley, 1939
- Sutorectus tentaculatus (W. K. H. Peters, 1864) (Cobbler wobbegong)
- Genus Eucrossorhinus Regan, 1908
- Family Parascylliidae Gill, 1862 (Collared carpet sharks)
- Genus Cirrhoscyllium H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913
- Cirrhoscyllium expolitum H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 (Barbelthroat carpetshark)
- Cirrhoscyllium formosanum Teng, 1959 (Taiwan saddled carpetshark)
- Cirrhoscyllium japonicum Kamohara, 1943 (Saddle carpetshark)
- Genus Parascyllium Gill, 1862
- Parascyllium collare E. P. Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888 (Collared carpetshark)
- Parascyllium elongatum Last & Stevens, 2008 (Elongate carpetshark)
- Parascyllium ferrugineum McCulloch, 1911 (Rusty carpetshark)
- Parascyllium sparsimaculatum T. Goto & Last, 2002 (Ginger carpetshark)
- Parascyllium variolatum (A. H. A. Duméril, 1853) (Necklace carpetshark)
- Genus Cirrhoscyllium H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913
- Family Rhincodontidae (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Whale sharks)
- Genus Rhincodon A. Smith, 1828
- Rhincodon typus A. Smith, 1828 (Whale shark)
- Genus Rhincodon A. Smith, 1828
- Family Stegostomatidae Gill, 1862 (Zebra sharks)
- Genus Stegostoma J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
- Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783) (Zebra shark)
- Genus Stegostoma J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Orectolobiformes" in FishBase. February 2011 version.
- ^ a b Allen & Erdmann (2008). "Two new species of bamboo sharks (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae) from Western New Guinea". Aqua (Miradolo Terme) 13 (3-4): 93–108.
- ^ Allen & Dudgeon (2010). "Hemiscyllium michaeli, a new species of Bamboo Shark (Hemiscyllidae) from Papua New Guinea". Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology 16 (1): 19–30.
- ^ Huveneers (2006). "Redescription of two species of wobbegongs (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobidae) with elevation of Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 to species level". Zootaxa 1284: 29–51. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01284p051f.pdf.
- ^ Last, Chidlow & Compagno (2006). "A new wobbegong shark, Orectolobus hutchinsi n. sp. (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from southwestern Australia". Zootaxa 1239: 35–48. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01239p048f.pdf.
[edit] External links
- Reefquest page on carpet sharks
- FishBase page on Orectolobiformes
- http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/d_checklist.htm
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