Celle

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Celle
Celle Castle
Celle
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Lower Saxony
District	Celle
Town subdivisions	17 districts
Mayor	Dirk-Ulrich Mende (SPD)
Basic statistics
Area	176.01 km2 (67.96 sq mi)
Elevation	40 m  (131 ft)
Population	71,185  (1 January 2007)
- Density	404 /km2 (1,047 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	CE
Postal codes	29221–29229
Area codes	05141, 05145, 05086
Website	www.celle.de Coordinates: 52°37′32″N 10°04′57″E / 52.62556°N 10.0825°E / 52.62556; 10.0825

Celle (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛlə]) is a town and capital of the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river Aller, a tributary of the Weser and has a population of about 71,000. Celle is the southern gateway to the Lüneburg Heath, has a picturesque old town centre (the Altstadt) with over 400 timber-framed houses and a castle (Schloss Celle) built in the renaissance and barock style.

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Expansion 1.2 Climate 1.3 Municipalities 2 History 2.1 Middle Ages 2.2 Early modern period 2.3 Modern period 2.4 Nazi era 2.5 Military 2.6 Post-war era 2.7 Incorporation of municipalities 2.8 Growth in population 3 Politics 3.1 Town council 3.2 Mayors (Oberbürgermeister) 3.3 Coat of arms 3.4 Flag 3.5 Official seal 3.6 Twinned towns 4 Culture and places of interest 4.1 Museums 4.2 Theatre 4.3 Events 4.4 Buildings 4.5 Parks 4.6 Sport 4.7 Main sights 5 Economy 6 See also 7 References 8 See also 9 External links

[edit] Geography

The town of Celle lies in the glacial valley of the River Aller, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Hanover, 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Brunswick and 120 kilometres (75 mi) south of Hamburg. With 71,000 inhabitants it is, next to Lüneburg the largest Lower Saxon town between Hanover and Hamburg.

[edit] Expansion

The town covers an area of 176.05 square kilometres (67.97 sq mi). Flowing from the northeast, the river Lachte discharges into the Aller within the town's borders, as does the river Fuhse flowing from the southeast. The Aller heads westwards towards Verden where it joins the Weser.

[edit] Climate

Celle's annual precipation is 692 centimetres (272 in) which puts it in the middle third of locations in Germany. 39% of the Deutscher Wetterdienst's weather stations record lower values. The wettest month is August which has 1.5 times the amount of precipitation as February, the driest month. Monthy precipitation varies only slightly and precipitation is very evenly spread throughout the year. Only 1% of German weather stations show a lower annual variation.

[edit] Municipalities

The borough of Celle has the following 17 municipalities, some of which were previously independent villages (population as at 1 January 2005): Altencelle (4,998), Altenhagen (922), Blumlage/Altstadt (8,526), Bostel (455), Boye (832), Garßen (2,978), Groß Hehlen (2,773), Hehlentor (7,974), Hustedt (736), Klein Hehlen (5,782), Lachtehausen (639), Neuenhäusen (8,082), Neustadt/Heese (10,887), Scheuen (1.165), Vorwerk (2,842), Westercelle (7,183) und Wietzenbruch (4,805).

[edit] History

[edit] Middle Ages

Celle was first mentioned in a document of A.D. 985 as Kiellu ^[1] (which means Fischbucht^[2] or fishing bay). It was granted the right to mint and circulate its own coins (Münzrecht [minting privileges]) during the 11th century and several coins were found in the Sandur hoard in the Faroes. In 1292 Duke Otto II the Strict (1277–1330), a Welf who ruled the Principality of Lüneburg from 1277 to 1330 left Altencelle, where there had been a defences in the form of a circular rampart (the Ringwall von Burg) since the 10th century, and founded a rectangular settlement by the existing castle (Burg) 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the northwest. In 1301 he granted Celle its town privileges ^[3], and in 1308 started construction on the town church.

In 1378 Celle became the Residenz of the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg and, in 1433, the princes of Lüneburg took up residence in the castle (Schloss). The ducal palace was situated on a triangle between the river Aller and its tributary, the Fuhse. A moat connecting the rivers was built in 1433, turning the town centre into an island. In 1452 Duke Frederick the Pious of Lüneburg founded a Franciscan monastery. In 1464 the corn shipping monopoly generated an economic upturn for the town.

[edit] Early modern period

In 1524 the Reformation was introduced into Celle. In 1570 Duke William the Younger built the castle chapel which was consecrated in 1585. From 1665 to 1705 Celle experienced a cultural boom as a Residenz under Duke George William. This has been particularly put down to his French wife, Eleonore d'Olbreuse, who brought fellow Hugenot Christians and Italian architects to Celle. During this time the French and Italian Gardens were laid out and the barock castle theatre built.

In 1705 the last duke of the Brunswick–Lüneburg line died, and Celle, along with the Principality of Lüneburg, passed back to the Hanover line of the Welfs. By way of compensation for the loss of its status as a Residenz town numerous administrative institutions were established in Celle, such as the Higher Court of Appeal (Oberappellationsgericht), the prison and the State Stud Farm. That began its development into an administrative and judicial centre. Even today the Lower Saxony-Bremen State Social Security Tribunal and the High Court responsible for most of Lower Saxony are based in Celle, amongst others. Celle is also still home to a prison (the Justizvollzugsanstalt Celle or JVA Celle) with its satellite at Salinenmoor about 12 km north of the town centre. That the citizens of Celle once − in a vote − choose to have a prison in Celle rather than a university in order to protect the virtue of their daughters, is not verifiable, but it has remained a persistent anecdote in popular folklore.

In August 1714, George Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick–Lüneburg (King George I) ascended to the British throne. Between then and 1866, when the town became Prussian during the Austro-Prussian War as part of the province of Hanover, Celle was a possession of the British Hanoverian line.

In 1786 Albrecht Thaer founded the first German Agricultural Testing Institute in the meadows at Dammasch (today Thaer's Garden). The Albrecht-Thaer School is nowadays part of a vocational centre in the Celle sub-district of Altenhagen.

[edit] Modern period

In 1842 the Cambridge Dragoons Barracks (Cambridge-Dragoner-Kaserne) for the homonymous regiment named after the Hanoveran Viceroy Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge was built in Celle. After being extended in 1913 and partially rebuilt after a fire in 1936, it was renamed Goodwood Barracks in 1945 and from 1976 to 1996 was the headquarters of Panzerbrigade 33 in the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr. In 1989 it was renamed again to Cambridge-Dragoner-Kaserne. Since 1996 the land has mainly been used to house one of the largest youth centres in Lower Saxony.

From 1869 to 1872 an infantry barracks was built for the 77th Infantry Regiment. In 1938 it was renamed the Heidekaserne ("Heath Barracks"). After the Second World War the barracks was used by British troops until 1993. Today the New Town Hall (Neue Rathaus) and Celle Council Offices are housed in the restored brick building. Residential buildings and a town park have been established on the rest of the terrain.

In 1892 − with the help of numerous citizens' donations − the present-day Bomann Museum with its important folkloric and town history collections was founded. In 1913 the 74 metre high clock tower was built on the town church, its clockwork underwent a major restoration in 2008. In the 1920s the silk mill was built. It was merged in 1932 with the one in Peine to become the Seidenwerk Spinnhütte AG. This concern expanded itself during the Nazi era into an armaments centre under the name of "Seidenwerk Spinnhütte AG". A subsidiary founded in 1936, the "Mitteldeutsche Spinnhütte AG", which led war preparations through its branches in the central German towns of Apolda, Plauen, Osterode, Pirna and Wanfried. Its only product was parachute silk that was needed for the paratroopers of the Wehrmacht.^[4]

In September 1929 Rudolph Karstadt opened a Karstadt department store in Celle town centre, the facade of which was identical with that of the Karstadt store on Berlin's Hermannplatz. The Celle branch was demolished in the 1960s and replaced by a controversial new building, whose aluminium braces were meant to represent Celle's timber framed houses.

[edit] Nazi era

During Kristallnacht, the anti-Jewish pogrom in Nazi Germany on 9/10 November 1938, the synagogue in Celle was only saved from complete destruction because there would have been a risk to the adjacent leather factory and other parts of the historic Altstadt.

On 1 April 1939 Altenhäusen, Klein Hehlen, Neuenhäusen, Vorwerk and Wietzenbruch were incorporated into Celle. On 8 April 1945 the only serious allied bombing attack on the city during World War II occurred, 2.2% of the town was destroyed, especially on the industrial areas and railway freight terminal. A train in which about 4,000 prisoners were being transported to the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was hit. The attack claimed hundreds of casualties, but some of the prisoners managed to escape into the nearby woods. SS guards and Celle citizens participated in the so-called 'Celle hare hunt' (Celler Hasenjagd) The 'hunt' claimed several hundred dead and went on until 10 April 1945 and represented the darkest chapter in Celle's history.^[5]. The exact number of victims has not been determined. Several of the perpetrators were later tried and convicted of this war crime.

About 5% of Celle was destroyed in the Second World War. It was spared from further destruction by surrendering without a fight to advancing allied troops on 12 April 1945.

[edit] Military

During the Third Reich, Celle was an important garrison location. Parts of infantry regiments 17 and 73 and the 19th artillery regiment were garrisoned in the town. Celle was the seat of a military district command and a brigade reporting office.

The different barracks (including the Freiherr von Fritsch Barracks in Cambridge and the dragoons barracks in the city) into the nineties were used as sites for the Armored Brigade 33 "Celle." The Celle Air Base (Immelmann barracks) in the District of Wietzenbruch is now the site of the Training Centre of the Army Aviation School. In some barracks British troops withdrew, although one of which even today serves as a British garrison (formerly von Seeckt barracks, currently Trenchard Barracks). The barracks now are in the process of conversion to civilian use. The new City Hall is in the former Heidemarie barracks, and the former British Cambridge Dragoons barracks has now become a youth cultural centre. Today Celle has, since reunification, in large part lost its function as a major garrison town.

[edit] Post-war era

After the war Celle applied, along with Bonn and Frankfurt, to become the seat for the Parliamentary Council (Parlamentarischer Rat), the immediate post-war governmental body in Germany, later superseded by the West German Bundestag. In the end the privilege went to Bonn.

On 1 January 1973, Celle lost its status as an independent town (Kreisfreie Stadt) and became the largest municipality in the new district (Kreis) of Celle. It also became the largest town in the new province (Regierungsbezirk) of Lüneburg. At the same time the localities of Ummern, Pollhöfen and Hahnenhorn were incorporated into Gifhorn district. Since then the parish of Hohne has looked after six villages (Hohne, Helmerkamp, Spechtshorn, Ummern, Pollhöfen and Hahnenhorn) in two rural districts. The town of Celle has also incorporated a number of villages from the surrounding area.

On 25 July 1978 a staged bomb attack was made on the outer wall of the prison. This was initially blamed on the Red Army Faction, but was later revealed to have been perpetrated by Lower Saxony's intelligence service, the Verfassungsschutz. The incident became known as the Celle Hole.

In 2004 the province of Lüneburg was dissolved along with the rest of Lower Saxony's administrative districts. Celle is currently the second largest town in Lower Saxony.

[edit] Incorporation of municipalities

• 1 April 1939: Altenhäusen, Klein Hehlen, Neuenhäusen, Vorwerk und Wietzenbruch
• 1 January 1973: Altencelle, Altenhagen, Alvern, Bostel, Boye, Burg, Garßen, Groß Hehlen, Hustedt, Lachtehausen, Scheuen und Westercelle.

[edit] Growth in population

In the Middle Ages and early modern period Celle only had a few thousand inhabitants. The population grew only slowly and dropped frequently as a result of many wars, epidemics and periods of famine. Not until the beginnings of industrialisation in the 19th century did population growth accelerate. It reached a total of 8,800 in 1818 but by 1900 this had more than doubled to 20,000. The incorporation of the surrounding villages on 1 April 1939 saw a further (artificial) rise in numbers to 38,000.

Shortly after the Second World War the many refugees and displaced persons from the German areas of eastern Europe led to a steep rise in the number of inhabitants within just a few months from around 17,000 to 55,000 by December 1945. The addition of new municipalities on 1 January 1973 saw an additional 18,691 people being included within the borough of Celle and bringing the total population to 75,178 − its historical high point. On 30 June 2005 the official number of inhabitants within Celle borough, according to an update by the Lower Saxony State Department of Statistics, was 71,402 (only main residences, and after adjustments with the other state departments).

The following overview shows the population numbers based on the 'catchment area' at the time. The 1818 figure is an estimate, the rest are based on census results(¹) or official updates by the Department of Statistics. From 1871 the returns show the population actually present, from 1925 the resident population and since 1987 the population residing at their main residence. Before 1871 the numbers are based on various, different census-gathering processes.

Year Population 1818 8,800 3 December 1855 ¹ 13,117 3 December 1861 ¹ 14,100 3 December 1864 ¹ 14,900 3 December 1867 ¹ 16,200 1 December 1871 ¹ 16,147 1 December 1875 ¹ 18,200 1 December 1880 ¹ 18,800 1 December 1885 ¹ 18,800 1 December 1890 ¹ 18,901 2 December 1895 ¹ 19,438

Year Population 1 December 1900 ¹ 19,883 1 December 1905 ¹ 21,390 1 December 1910 ¹ 23,263 1 December 1916 ¹ 20,521 5 December 1917 ¹ 19,997 8 October 1919 ¹ 23,589 16 June 1925 ¹ 25,456 16 June 1933 ¹ 27,734 17 May 1939 ¹ 37,799 31 December 1945 55,059 29 October 1946 ¹ 52,281

Year Population 13 September 1950 ¹ 59,667 25 September 1956 ¹ 57,239 6 June 1961 ¹ 58,506 31 December 1965 58,766 27 May 1970 ¹ 57,155 31 December 1975 74,347 31 December 1980 72,820 31 December 1985 70,482 25 May 1987 ¹ 71,222 31 December 1990 72,260 31 December 1995 73,936

Year Population 31 December 2000 72,127 30 June 2005 71,402 1 January 2006 71,371 1 January 2008 70,850

¹ Census results

[edit] Politics

For the purposes of Bundestag elections the town of Celle belongs to the constituency of Celle-Uelzen. In 1983, 1987, 1990 and 1994 Klaus-Jürgen Hedrich (CDU) won the direct vote. In 1998, 2002 and 2005 Peter Struck (SPD) won the majority of votes.

For Lower Saxony State Parliament (Landtag) elections Celle forms the constituency of Celle-Stadt with its surrounding area. In 2003 the CDU won the majority of votes.

[edit] Town council

The town council has 42 elected members as well as the directly elected mayor (Oberbürgermeister). Since the local elections of 10 September 2006, it has consisted of seven parties or voting groups:

• CDU − 16 seats
• SPD − 13 seats
• FDP − 5 seats
• Bündnis 90/Die Grünen − 4 seats
• WG (Wählergemeinschaft) − 1 seat
• Alliance for Social Justice (Bündnis Soziale Gerechtigkeit) - Celle (BSG-CE) − 1 seat
• Die Republikaner (REP) − 1 seat
• Independent (Parteilos) – 1 seat

[edit] Mayors (Oberbürgermeister)

• 1877-1895: Otto Hattendorf (1822-1905)
• 1895-1924: Wilhelm Denicke
• 1924-1945: Ernst Meyer (1887-1948)
• 1945: Max Vogel
• 1945-1946: Walther Hörstmann (1898-1977)
• 1946-1948: Richard Schäfer
• 1948-1952: Franz-Georg Guizetti
• 1952-1964: Wilhelm Heinichen (1883-1967)
• 1964-1973: Dr. Kurt Blanke (1900-1997)
• 1973-1985: Dr. Helmuth Hörstmann (1909-1993)
• 1986-2001: Dr. Herbert Severin
• 2001-2008: Dr. h. c. Martin Biermann (CDU)
• seit 2009: Dirk-Ulrich Mende (SPD)

[edit] Coat of arms

Blazoning: Azure, a castle, triple-towered, embattled above the port, all argent, masoned sable, the port sable, the towers roofed gules. The port charged with a lion rampant azure surrounded by seven hearts gules on an inescutcheon bendwise or.^[6]

The helmet on the full coat of arms is described as follows: On the shield is a blue and white wreathed helmet with a mantling, blue on the outside and white on the inside. The crest consists of two sickles leaning outwards with red handles. The sickles have their points upwards, blades inward-facing and are decorated with peacock's eyes on the outside edges.

[edit] Flag

The town flag is divided into two equal stripes in the town colours of blue and white. It can also contain the town coat of arms.^[7]

[edit] Official seal

The town of Celle has an official seal whose design is based on the oldest town seal of 1288 with the circumscription Stadt Celle. It depicts a gatehouse between two castle towers. In the open gateway under a decorative helmet there is a shield tilting to the left charged with the lion of the Dukes of Lüneburg.^[8]

[edit] Twinned towns

Celle is twinned with the following towns:

• Sumy, Ukraine. ^[9]
• Celle Ligure, Italy
• Hämeenlinna, Finland
• Holbæk, Denmark
• Kwidzyn, Poland
• Meudon, France
• Tavistock, United Kingdom
• Tyumen, Russia
• Tulsa, USA
• Mazkeret Batya, Israel

[edit] Culture and places of interest

[edit] Museums

The Bomann Museum opposite the castle has works by the artist, Eberhard Schlotter, and has exhibitions of local folklore and town history. It houses the Tansey collection, one of the largest, well-known, German collections of portrait miniatures. The Celle Art Museum (Kunstmuseum Celle) with its Robert Simon collection is affiliated to the Bomann Museum. It is the first 24 hour art museum in the world.

In the castle itself is the Residenz Museum, which makes use of its premises and an exhibition to document the princely House of Welf. The Garrison Museum deals with the history of Celle Garrison from 1866 to the present day, whilst the Shooting Museum (Schützenmuseum) in Haus der Stadtmauer is devoted to Celle's shooting club history. The German Embroidery Museum (Deutsche Stickmuster-Museum in the Rococo Palace in the Prince's Garden documents four centuries of the history of women using, as an example, the craft of embroidery. The work of Celle's Neues Bauen architect, Otto Haesler, is charted by the Haesler Museum. And in the old storage barn (Treppenspeicher) built in 1607, as well as the orangery, built in 1677 for the Institute of Apiculture, an exhibition of beekeeping may be viewed.

[edit] Theatre

The Schlosstheater Celle was founded in 1674 and is the oldest, still working theatre in Germany and the oldest baroque theatre in Europe. It had a main auditorium and a smaller stage, called the Malersaal.

On the edge of the old town (Altstadt) is the performing arts theatre supported by the town whose repertoire ranges from comedy to songs, jazz, cabaret and films.

[edit] Events

The Congress Union Celle is an event centre for conferences and exhibitions as well as stage, music and festive events.

The Bunte Haus is a charitable cultural centre. It focusses on projects and events dealing with social questions covering aspects of culture, social work and civic education. Its workers are volunteers.

The CD-Kaserne ("Cambridge Dragoons (CD) Barracks") is a municipal, youth, cultural centre with exhibition rooms covering the subject areas of music, film, art and society.

[edit] Buildings

The timber-framed Altstadt is Celle's main attraction. Surviving the Second World War undamaged, the old town has numerous timber-framed houses from bygone centuries, some of which - especially in Zöllnerstraße and Neuen Straße − have been painstakingly restored to their original appearance. These include Celle's synagogue and the well known Hoppener Haus. The Altstadt is also home to the "talking lampposts" (Sprechende Laternen), a group of light figures which 'talk' when triggered by movement sensors.

Celle Castle dates back to a water castle from the early 14th century that was built overlooking a ford on the River Aller. During its subsequent existence as a seat of government the castle underwent many expansions and conversions, the overwhelming proportion of the building today dating to the renaissance period. Within the castle are the Castle Theatre, built in 1671, and the Residenz Museum. The town Church of Saint Mary is also of medieval origin and possesses an interesting crypt as well as the tombs of various princes. The tower was not built until 1913 however. An important neoclassical building in Celle is the Catholic Church of Saint Ludwig, built in 1838.

[edit] Parks

The picturesque French Garden lies immediately south of the Altstadt and is where the Lower Saxon Institute of Apiculture may be found. The Castle Park, with its moats, is on the site of the former defensive fortifications of the ducal castle. And along Bahnhofstraße there is an area of common pasture used as a public park and play area. On the right bank of the Aller are the Dammasch meadows, a popular destination for trips, and immediately next to them is the garden of medicinal plants and the Thaers Garden with its little castle. By the New Town Hall (Neues Rathaus) is the recently laid-out town park. Other important open areas include the various town cemeteries, such as the picturesque forest cemetery, the Waldfriedhof, with its nature garden.

[edit] Sport

From 1968 to the mid-1970s Celle's football club, TuS Celle FC, played in the German second division (then called the Regionalliga or "regional league"). After two bankruptcies and relegation, it was promoted to the Lower Saxony league for the 2004/2005 season and, since 2005 has played in the Northeast Lower Saxony league (Oberliga Niedersachsen Nordost), which is fifth tier of the German football league system.

The handball club, SV Garßen-Celle, has fielded a women's team that had played in the women's Second Division North since the mid-1990s. In 2009 it came first and was promoted to the First Division.

Since 1983 the Celle Wasa Run (Celler Wasa-Lauf) has taken place every year on the second Sunday of March in Celle's town centre. This has become one of the biggest running events in Germany for distances less than a marathon and is divided into runs of several distances: a children's run of 2.5 km and runs of 5, 10, 15 and 20 km distance. For several years there has also been a hiking (Wandern) event over 11 km along the Aller as well as Walking and Nordic Walking events. 2004 saw a record number of participants with 11,232 men and women taking part. Celle is one of five centres for the Lower Saxony Rowing Club. The Celle Sprint Regatta takes place annually in October on the Upper Aller at the Ziegeninsel and is hosted by the Hermann Billung Celle, Celler Ruderverein and Ruderclub Ernestinum-Hölty Celle rowing clubs.

The Celle Triathlon always takes place in August. This was originally organised by the Celle branch of the German Alpine Society (Deutschen Alpenverein), but for several years has been run by SV Altencelle.

Since 2001 Celle has played host to the In-Line Skating and Handbike Marathon from Hanover to Celle. This is one of the biggest races of its kind in Germany. In 2007 the European Masters speed skating championship took place as part of this event.

Celle also hosted Angola's national football team during the 2006 Football World Cup.

[edit] Main sights

The buildings in Celle’s old town centre date back to the 16th century, among them numerous (and some 480 restored) half-timber houses, making Celle an important city for tourism in the southern Lüneburg Heath region. The most impressive building is the ducal palace, Schloss Celle, which was built in 1530 at the site of the former castle. Another major attraction is the Stadtkirche (town church, 1308) with its white tower, from where the town trumpeter blows a fanfare twice a day (an old tradition that was revived as a tourist attraction). Celle has a synagogue built in 1740, one of the few that survived the Nazi pogrom night of 1938, thanks to its location next to an important leather factory that would have been collaterally damaged.

Celle is also known for being an entry point for tourists to the Lüneburg Heath.

During World War II, the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where Anne Frank died, was located near Celle; today, a memorial and exhibition centre mark the camp site.

The Albrecht Thaer School, a school in Celle, was founded by Albrecht Daniel Thaer in 1796.

Celle also hosts a Christmas market every year in the old town centre.

[edit] Economy

Tourism is a large contributor to Celle’s economy, especially in the summer months during jazz, wine, and other festivals, which attract thousands of visitors. The town is not really known for heavy industry, but there are many small business which started up in Celle, and some such as Rosa Graf Cosmetics have reached the world market. Celle does have some links to the oil industry and it engineers many parts for drilling; notably Baker Hughes (INTEQ and Hughes Christensen divisions; oil and gas industry service-companies specialising in MWD, Wireline, Drill-bits, Drilling Applications Engineering, etc.), Cameron^[10] (global provider of pressure control, processing, flow control and compression systems as well as project management and aftermarket services for the oil and gas and process industries), and ITAG^[11] (drilling contractors and manufacturing plant). It is also home to Germany's Bee institute which carries out scientific studies on the bee species as well as keeping its own bee hives. Celle is also known as a city of civil servants, due to the large number of government officials and lawyers who work there.

Halliburton has an office in Celle^[12].

[edit] See also

• Lüneburg-Celle
• [[Celler Hasenjagd], a massacre on April 8, 1945 of prisoners destined for a concentration camp following an air raid

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Celle

• Official website (German) (English)

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