Cephem

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Cephems are a sub-group of β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and cephamycins.^[1]

[edit] References

^ "medscape.com". http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/464632_2. Retrieved 2008-12-29.

Antibacterials: cell envelope antibiotics (J01C-J01D)

Intracellular

inhibit peptidoglycan subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)

inhibit PG chain elongation: Vancomycin^# (Oritavancin
Telavancin)
Teicoplanin (Dalbavancin)
Ramoplanin

β-lactams/
(inhibit PBP
cross-links)

Penicillins
(penams)

other: Mecillinam (Pivmecillinam)
Sulbenicillin

β-lactamase sensitive	Benzylpenicillin (G)^#: Clometocillin Benzathine benzylpenicillin^# Procaine benzylpenicillin^# Azidocillin Penamecillin Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)^#: Propicillin Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin Pheneticillin

β-lactamase resistant	Cloxacillin^# (Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin) Oxacillin Meticillin Nafcillin

Faropenem

Cephalosporins/Cephamycins
(cephems)

1st (P Ec K)	Cefazolin^# Cefacetrile Cefadroxil Cefalexin Cefaloglycin Cefalonium Cefaloridine Cefalotin Cefapirin Cefatrizine Cefazedone Cefazaflur Cefradine Cefroxadine Ceftezole

2nd (H E N)	Cefaclor Cefamandole Cefminox Cefonicid Ceforanide Cefotiam Cefprozil Cefbuperazone Cefuroxime Cefuzonam cephamycin (Cefoxitin Cefotetan Cefmetazole) carbacephem (Loracarbef)

3rd	Cefixime^# Ceftriaxone^# antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime^# Cefoperazone) Cefcapene Cefdaloxime Cefdinir Cefditoren Cefetamet Cefmenoxime Cefodizime Cefotaxime Cefpimizole Cefpiramide Cefpodoxime Cefsulodin Cefteram Ceftibuten Ceftiolene Ceftizoxime oxacephem (Flomoxef Latamoxef ^‡)

4th (antips-)	Cefepime Cefozopran Cefpirome Cefquinome

5th	Ceftobiprole Ceftaroline fosamil

Veterinary	Ceftiofur Cefquinome Cefovecin

β-lactamase inh.

Combinations

Other

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o

drug(J1p, w, n, m, vacc)

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