Cerberus (protein)

Cerberus 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis)
Identifiers
Symbols	CER1; DAND4; MGC119894; MGC119895; MGC96951
External IDs	OMIM: 603777 MGI: 1201414 HomoloGene: 3983 GeneCards: CER1 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • molecular_function • cytokine activity Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • negative regulation of cell proliferation • anterior/posterior axis specification • BMP signaling pathway • negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway • cell migration involved in gastrulation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	9350	12622
Ensembl	ENSG00000147869	ENSMUSG00000038192
UniProt	O95813	O55233
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005454	NM_009887.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005445	NP_034017.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 14.72 – 14.72 Mb	Chr 4: 82.53 – 82.53 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Cerberus also known as CER1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CER1 gene.

Function

Cerberus is an inhibitor in the TGF beta signaling pathway secreted during the gastrulation phase of the embryogenesis.

This gene encodes a cytokine member of the cystine knot superfamily, characterized by nine conserved cysteines and a cysteine knot region. The cerberus-related cytokines, together with Dan and DRM / Gremlin, represent a group of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists that can bind directly to BMPs and inhibit their activity.

Further reading

• Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR (2004). "Bone morphogenetic proteins.". Growth Factors 22 (4): 233–41. doi:10.1080/08977190412331279890. PMID 15621726. 
• Swinkels ME, Simons A, Smeets DF, et al. (2008). "Clinical and cytogenetic characterization of 13 Dutch patients with deletion 9p syndrome: Delineation of the critical region for a consensus phenotype.". Am. J. Med. Genet. A 146A (11): 1430–8. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32310. PMID 18452192. 
• Tang PL, Cheung CL, Sham PC, et al. (2009). "Genome-wide haplotype association mapping in mice identifies a genetic variant in CER1 associated with BMD and fracture in southern Chinese women.". J. Bone Miner. Res. 24 (6): 1013–21. doi:10.1359/jbmr.081258. PMID 19113921. 
• Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Hay BA, et al. (2009). Schrijver, Iris. ed. "Lung cancer susceptibility model based on age, family history and genetic variants.". PLoS ONE 4 (4): e5302. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005302. PMC 2668761. PMID 19390575. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2668761. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Biben C, Stanley E, Fabri L, et al. (1998). "Murine cerberus homologue mCer-1: a candidate anterior patterning molecule.". Dev. Biol. 194 (2): 135–51. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8812. PMID 9501024. 
• Gazzerro E, Canalis E (2006). "Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists.". Rev Endocr Metab Disord 7 (1-2): 51–65. doi:10.1007/s11154-006-9000-6. PMID 17029022. 
• Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, et al. (2004). "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.". Nature 429 (6990): 369–74. doi:10.1038/nature02465. PMC 2734081. PMID 15164053. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2734081. 
• Yerges LM, Klei L, Cauley JA, et al. (2009). "High-density association study of 383 candidate genes for volumetric BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine among older men.". J. Bone Miner. Res. 24 (12): 2039–49. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090524. PMC 2791518. PMID 19453261. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2791518. 
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (2004). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.". Protein Sci. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2286551. 
• Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Hay BA, et al. (2009). "A gene-based risk score for lung cancer susceptibility in smokers and ex-smokers.". Postgrad Med J 85 (1008): 515–24. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.077107. PMID 19789190. 

External links

• MeSH CER1+protein,+human

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.