Chacas: Difference between revisions
| Line 177: | Line 177: | ||
* [[País Valencià|Valencian]] surnames, such as Tarazona, Zaragoza, Cerna o Serna |
* [[País Valencià|Valencian]] surnames, such as Tarazona, Zaragoza, Cerna o Serna |
||
Further, although in lower quantity, there are |
Further, although in lower quantity and as a result of mining activities, there are |
||
* Italian surnames, as Cafferata, Tolentino |
* Italian surnames, as Cafferata, Tolentino |
||
Revision as of 08:54, 10 March 2011
Chacas
San Martín de Chacas | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| Nickname: Pearl of Conchucos | |
| Country |  Peru |
| Region | Ancash |
| Province | Asunción |
| District | Chacas |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ronald Broncano Cadillo |
San Martín de Chacas is a Peruvian town of Ancash. It's namesake capital district and the province of Asunción. Its urban population is 2,000 people to 3,336 meters. The district population has approximately 5,000 people. It has a land area of 447.69 km2, which represents 85% of the province, surface similar to that of Andorra.
Geography
Chacas is located in the area of Conchucos in the Quechua of the Andes. It is within the buffer zone of the Huascaran National Park. Consists of the following towns:
- Chucpin
- Cars
- Huallin
- Huay
- Jambon
- Macuash
- Pampash
- Rayan
- Tinku
- Sapchá
- Viscas
Chacas is characterized by having retained its original architecture, Spanish-style, without major modern buildings. Sanctuary highlights Mama Ashu, an altarpiece in gold XVI century, restored by local craftsmen Carved Don Bosco School and Don Bosco cooperative in the same city, who also produced artwork for export to Europe and USA. Also important are the Hospital Mama Ashu, the museum, which exhibits pre-Columbian, the balconies with fine carvings made by craftsmen Don Bosco.
History
Beginnings
According to the theory of Julio C. Tello, the first settlers of this region were, the Waris, from Central America arrived by the route of the jungle and were populating the South American continent.
Influence Chavín
There is evidence that Chavín was Wari cultural center in the north, as was Tiwanaku in the south. Therefore, the Chavin culture in those days was influenced throughout Ancashino. The disintegration of the mighty empire of the Wari, the different nations united by EAZA, language, customs, religion, organized themselves into kingdoms, was a time of war between these groups, which became the submission of small towns to large estates, so formed the nation of the Conchucos, Composed of many tribes in the territory now occupied by the provinces of Huari, Antonio Raimondi, Fitzcarrald, Asunción, Pomabamba, Mariscal Luzuriaga, Sihuas, Corongo, Pallasca.
Cultural precencia Pashash-Recuay
Between AD 100 to 1000 years Pashash culture developed in the north of the Sierra de Ancash (Cabana) and is projected toward the center and south of the same department. Called Recuay (Pashash-Recuay) the late development of Pashash culture (500-1000 AD), it is noteworthy that before receiving the impact of Pashash-Recuay, and lived in small villages such places agricultural and manufacturing country life simple ceramics.
Time of the Incas
Between the years 1000 to 1470 AD was the time of the stately formations late late or regional states, which also had demonstrations in the territories of the province Asunción today. Chacas (capital of the province) was one of the estates of the kingdom of Conchucos (on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Blanca), which flourished until the Inca domination. Inka domination occurred between 1460 and 1533. The kingdoms of Huaylas (western slopes of the Cordillera Blanca) and were incorporated into Tawantinsuyu Conchucos after a bloody invasion by the Inca Pachacutec, mission accomplished his brother, General Qhapaq Yupanqui. That process of domination was incomplete, but lasted 80 years, the Spanish set foot on this REGON while still cuzqueñización process was not finished. For this reason Inca institutions have not taken deep root in the soil conchucano as illustrated by the Father Santiago Márquez. The abundance of pirushtus, which are defensive structures erected in parte4s higher hills, witnessed by the existence of antagonistic groups living warring between s. There is evidence that the Incas failed to fully impose their culture, which ezplica differences in custom, religion and language of Ancash in respect of Cuzco.
Period of the Spanish invasion
Conchucos dwellers would have been subjected, without further resistance to the invaders, in order to get rid of the Incas. Chacas creation goes back to the late sixteenth century. Chacas is an ancient and important population center in the area of Conchucos. Founded in the period between early 1572 and late 1573 by a group of Spanish, probably religious evangelists. Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo Chacas visited twice (1587 and 1594). In the Journal of Second Visit Chacas consigned to a tributary population of 1829 inhabitants, it was concluded that Chac was created before these dates.
In the colonial period of Don Francisco Toledo (1568-1581) became one of the indigenous reductions that formed during the process of evangelization of the aborigines Konchukos, run by the Dominicans. Augustinian Mercedarios, and Franciscans.
Chacas was founded as a Spanish-style village in the domains of old Chaq, who are said to come from, among others, lineages
- Llashaj, Llashax or Llashag,
- Janampa,
- Mallki or Mallqui,
- Rupay,
- Waraj or Warax
Probably around the first reduction of Indians, through evangelization, the colonists began to settle through Hispanic divisions, in order to exploit some mineral deposits, or Musumarca Mushojmarca Indeed, the lower was a reduction Chacas Indian vicinity of the water mills which were installed for grinding metals and grains. Subsequently made on others who were called plantations.
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries meant the consolidation and growth of the domain of Spain in Peru, but also its decadence. The province has not escaped this study context. The decline was not due to depletion of the mineral wealth of our country-the main economic activity of the Spanish in these lands. But, rather, the extermination of the native population through the mita system of forced labor in mines, mills and packages.
Obligations imposed parallel to the Indians for the benefit of the commissioners and magistrates. All this contributed to the gradual settlement of the Indian race and social organization - the ayllu - and over the years, entire families.
Years later came the arrival of many Spanish families, native and foreign from different parts of the country driven by civil conflict, exploitation of deposits, etc. There are
- Canarian-Andalusian surnames as Asencio, Mendoza, Meza or Mesa, Rosales
- Canarian-Galician surnames as Figueroa, Brito, Castro, Silva
The composition of the latter surnames could indicate the early Canarian influence or even foundation of Chacas, as the mentioned surnames are among the most typical ones in the spanish provinces of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas. Further, the frequent Chacas surname Falcón, is typically Canarian, and almost does not appear in other spanish provinces. Other Iberian surnames are
- Basque surnames, such as Aguirre, Amez, Ayala, Egusquiza
- Valencian surnames, such as Tarazona, Zaragoza, Cerna o Serna
Further, although in lower quantity and as a result of mining activities, there are
- Italian surnames, as Cafferata, Tolentino
- German surnames, as Nauth,
- Croatian surnames as Handabaka or Handavaca.
Independence
In 1780, the peoples of Strong Piscobamba and Chacas staged rebellions, motivated by the ominous charges that necessarily had to pay the Indians, as well as abuses of the chiefs and magistrates. Social movements were foreshadowing the colonial crisis and the advent of the Republic. Between 1819 and 1820, people continued to react and continued turmoil. The envoy, Saint Martin, Governor - Don Dionisio Vizcarra, swore independence in the main square of all the peoples of Conchucos (starting from the village of Chacas). The people of Chacas supported with livestock and food for the support of the independence cause of liberating army.
Republican Period
They had only been three decades of independence, sparking another historical period of readjustment and population, until in 1853 the peace was interrupted by a tragedy of major proportions. The region and specifically the people of Chacas suffered the onset of epidemic typhus, spread around the Callejon de Huaylas, reaching Corongo. The people of Chacas part of the province of Huari, created in 1834. It was in 1983 that raises the new province of Asunción in two districts: Chacas (provincial capital) and the District of Acochaca (Law No. 23,764)
The most important historical sites are:
- Huaripata: Located south east of Chaco, in the hamlet of Huallín, excel chullpas circular-shaped stone and primitive púkullos.
- Wajramarka: Located south of Chacas address the challenges of Huarapita, there are two stone buildings in the upper parts of the site.
- Chagastumán and Antash: A few kilometers south of Chaco in the village of Cochas.
- Gatin and Rihuay: Located in the hamlet of Chinlla, Acochaca district north of Chaco, notable for its buildings of stone and ceramics Recuay influence of culture.
The Site Museum is located in the Plaza de Armas of Chaco, where it has been collected and sorted the remains of stone sculptures and pottery found in different parts of the provincial level. The collection of ceramics, sculpture and other artifacts were collected by the Provincial Municipality of Asunción (1997). Contains approximately 400 pieces, this is considered one of the largest in Ancash. Chacas Museum is emerging as a cultural institution that brings alive the ancient culture Chacasina and encourages tourism.
Legend
They say that the first people Chacas was located at a place called Mushoj Brand (small town), a more or less than 2 km from the modern town, founded by the Spanish. The Virgin knew that later would be a great and solemn, and that people would be in danger due to the proximity of the torrents Mushoj Brand Chucpin River, would be easily consumed by the effects of drink and disappear for a moment torrentes.Al forth between people over the years continued to grow and with it the dangers of living on the banks of a river, so the Virgin was looking for a place to accommodate the faithful. A little old lady called Ashu, who lived on a plateau a mile from Mushoj Mark was given the surprise in a strangely tepid morning between kenuales, ichu and kisuares, a beautiful lady would wash skin almost glowing snowy and delicate hands with a child on your lap, beside a small lake, the beautiful lady said that he wanted to build their temple at that place, every morning the virgin departed to the small lake after passing through the wheat and potato crops , took a short break in the rise of Chucpin, at a place called Mother Haman ("where we sat virgin ¨), at dusk each day, the Virgin was found in the lake for the residents of Mushoj Mark, after learning by Ashu pastorsita through the virgin wanted a temple at that place, drained the small lake and on his bed, laid the foundation for the temple, naming the end, Mama Ashu the Virgin in honor perhaps the shepherd Ashu.
Father Ugo de Censi
It is difficult to describe in words Father Ugo. It is difficult to understand, only words, his love, his devotion, his total dedication to young and poor, S o try to talk about it for one of his letters.
"When I go among the poor of Peru, asked the bishop of Huari assign me a parish located in one of the most remote valleys of the Andes. He told me Chacas and Yanam, located in the heart of the Cordillera Blanca, through 3000 and 4000 meters of altitude in feet and Huandoy Huascaran massif. Thus the mountains that surround my life. For my people, the mountains are "nice" if you give the grass and wood, while glaciers and snow fields just remind them of hunger and cold. In the last 30 years, things have changed a lot in the mountains. From the slopes, where they grow potatoes and cereals, they have seen strangers go, with backpacks and colorful clothes. What are they looking at the summits? What is it that attracts them here? Many of these newcomers are careful not to trample on the flowers, but spend without worrying about poverty and traditions of these people. Often they do not understand even the people who live in the foothills of the mountains they climb. In the eyes of poor farmers look at these new "Pathfinder" ... I understand, because I love the mountains too, but here they speak the opening of new routes to the summits. Can not they help open the way also for my young sons of farmers who are forced to migrate to Lima just to earn the daily bread? "
Authority
Mayor
- 2011-2014: Ronald Broncano.
Festivities in honor of Mama Ashu =
Their main festival is on August 15 by "Mama Ashu" (cult dedicated to the Virgin of the Assumption). Mama Ashu Sanctuary: The Sanctuary has the classic double tower structure with fine carving and stained glass door at the top of the facade. Inside are the doors, windows and seats carved, decorated with wood and stained glass angels. In the background is seen the altarpiece made with cedar imported from Nicaragua, baroque bathed in gold leaf, built between 1580-1587 and a National Historic Monument Act of Congress 9373 of 15 September 1941. [Edit] Dances
The types of dances that are practiced in the province are varied, here are some:
- The Anti Runas
- Step Huanquillas
- Pallas
- Negritas
- Atahualpa
- Pizarros
- Corpus Dance or Mozo Dance
- Llallu.
References
 | This Ancash Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |