Chess prodigy

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Chess prodigies are children who play chess so well that they are able to beat Masters and even Grandmasters, often at a very young age. Chess is one of the few sports where children can compete with adults on equal ground; it is thus one of the few skills in which true child prodigies exist. Expectations can be high for chess prodigies; while some become World Champions, others fail to make progress in adulthood.

Contents 1 Early chess prodigies 2 List of youngest grandmasters 2.1 Record holders 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Early chess prodigies

Early chess prodigies were Paul Morphy (1837–1884) and José Raúl Capablanca (1888–1942), both of whom won matches against strong adult opponents at the age of 12; and Samuel Reshevsky (1911–1992), who was giving simultaneous exhibitions at the age of six.^[1] Morphy went on to be unofficial World Champion (before the official title existed), Capablanca became World Champion, and Reshevsky—while never attaining the title—was in the top few players in the world for many years.

[edit] List of youngest grandmasters

One measure of chess prodigies is the age at which they gain the International Grandmaster title. It should be noted that this title has only existed since 1950; and also that the title has become less difficult to obtain in recent years (see International Grandmaster Title inflation).

Nevertheless, there have been more strong prodigies in recent years. This is mostly because of technology, with computers making it possible to learn and train faster, and both lower travel costs and the Internet making it possible to train and play against foreign players and to play in strong tournaments abroad.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Record holders

Below are players who have held the record for youngest grandmaster. The age listed is the age on which they qualified for the title. This is not equal to the age at which they officially became Grandmasters, because GM titles can only be awarded at FIDE congresses. All players are listed by their nationality at the time of gaining the title, not their current or later nationality.

Year	Player	Country	Age
1950	David Bronstein	Soviet Union	26 years
1952	Tigran Petrosian	Soviet Union	23 years
1955	Boris Spassky	Soviet Union	18 years
1958	Bobby Fischer	United States	15 years, 6 months, 1 day
1991	Judit Polgár	Hungary	15 years, 4 months, 28 days
1994	Péter Lékó	Hungary	14 years, 4 months, 22 days
1997	Etienne Bacrot	France	14 years, 2 months, 0 days
1997	Ruslan Ponomariov	Ukraine	14 years, 0 months, 17 days
1999	Bu Xiangzhi	China	13 years, 10 months, 13 days
2002	Sergey Karjakin	Ukraine	12 years, 7 months, 0 days

This is a list of the players to become Grandmasters before their fifteenth birthday:

Player	Country	Age
Sergey Karjakin	Ukraine	12 years, 7 months, 0 days
Parimarjan Negi	India	13 years, 4 months, 22 days
Magnus Carlsen	Norway	13 years, 4 months, 27 days
Bu Xiangzhi	China	13 years, 10 months, 13 days
Teimour Radjabov	Azerbaijan	14 years, 0 months, 14 days
Ruslan Ponomariov	Ukraine	14 years, 0 months, 17 days
Wesley So	Philippines	14 years, 1 month, 28 days [1]
Etienne Bacrot	France	14 years, 2 months, 0 days
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave	France	14 years, 4 months [2]
Péter Lékó	Hungary	14 years, 4 months, 22 days
Hou Yifan	China	14 years, 6 months, 16 days[2]
Anish Giri	Russia	14 years, 7 months, 2 days [3]
Yuriy Kuzubov	Ukraine	14 years, 7 months, 12 days [4]
Dariusz Swiercz	Poland	14 years, 7 months, 29 days
Nguyen Ngoc Truong Son	Vietnam	14 years, 10 months
Fabiano Caruana	Italy	14 years, 11 months, 10 days [5]

Here are the holders of the record for the youngest ever female to become a grandmaster (not to be confused with the lesser Woman Grandmaster title):-

Year	Player	Country	Age
1978	Nona Gaprindashvili	Soviet Union	27 years
1984	Maia Chiburdanidze	Soviet Union	23 years
1991	Susan Polgar	Hungary	21 years
1991	Judit Polgár	Hungary	15 years, 4 months
2002	Koneru Humpy	India	15 years 1 month
2008	Hou Yifan	China	14 years, 6 months[3]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Edward Winter, Chess Prodigies (2005, updated in 2006 and 2007)
• Chessbase news about young Grandmasters