Chiloglottis

Chiloglottis
Chiloglottis reflexa, Illustration.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Orchidoideae
Tribe:	Diurideae
Subtribe:	Drakaneinae
Genus:	Chiloglottis R.Br., 1810
Species
See text.

Chiloglottis is a small genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae.

The botanical name of the genus is derived from Greek words, referring to the tongue-shaped lip. The type species is Chiloglottis diphylla R.Br., Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen: 323 (1810), that has now become a synonym of Chiloglottis reflexa [LaBill.] Druce 1917.

This genus of deciduous, terrestrial orchids is indigenous to Australia and New Zealand.

The species have 1 to 4 paired oblong-lanceolate, glabrous leaves (usually two) and subterranean tuberoids. The flowers have 4 pollina. The short peduncle elongates after fertilisation of the flower. The flower is insect-pollinated by sexual deception (pseudocopulation) of specific wasps. The lip has raised calli, whose structures mimic the flightless female of the wasp pollinator.

List of species

Green Bird Orchid (Chiloglottis cornuta)

1. Chiloglottis anaticeps D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 37 (1991).
2. Chiloglottis chlorantha D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 37 (1991).
3. Chiloglottis cornuta Hook.f., Fl. Antarct.: 69 (1844).
4. Chiloglottis formicifera Fitzg., Austral. Orch. 1(3): t. 9 (1877).
5. Chiloglottis grammata G.W.Carr, Indig. Fl. Fauna Assoc. Misc. Pap. 1: 20 (1991).
6. Chiloglottis gunnii Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 387 (1840).
7. Chiloglottis jeanesii D.L.Jones, Muelleria 10: 64 (1997).
8. Chiloglottis longiclavata D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 38 (1991).
9. Chiloglottis palachila D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 39 (1991).
10. Chiloglottis platychila G.W.Carr, Indig. Fl. Fauna Assoc. Misc. Pap. 1: 21 (1991).
11. Chiloglottis platyptera D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 39 (1991).
12. Chiloglottis pluricallata D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 40 (1991).
13. Chiloglottis reflexa (Labill.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 614 (1917).
14. Chiloglottis seminuda D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 41 (1991).
15. Chiloglottis sphaerula D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 5: 73 (2006).
16. Chiloglottis sphyrnoides D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 41 (1991).
17. Chiloglottis sylvestris D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 98: 123 (1987).
18. Chiloglottis trapeziformis Fitzg., Austral. Orch. 1(3): t. 9 (1877).
19. Chiloglottis triceratops D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 3: 66 (1998).
20. Chiloglottis trullata D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 42 (1991).
21. Chiloglottis truncata D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 98: 124 (1987).
22. Chiloglottis turfosa D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 43 (1991).
23. Chiloglottis valida D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 43 (1991).

Taxonomic notes

In 2005 the following species were transferred to the new genus Myrmechila:

• Chiloglottis formicifera
• Chiloglottis platyptera
• Chiloglottis trapeziformis
• Chiloglottis trullata
• Chiloglottis truncata

Intergeneric hybrid: Chiloglottis × pescottiana R.S.Rogers, (1918).: (Chiloglottis valida x Myrmechila trapeziformis) : Alpine Bird Orchid (SE Australia)

References

• Peakall, R., Bower, C. C., Logan, A. E., and Nicol H. I. (1997). "Confirmation of the hybrid origin of Chiloglottis X pescottiana R. S. Rogers (Orchidaceae: Diurideae). 1. Genetic and morphometric analysis.". Australian Journal of Botany 45 (5): 839–855. doi:10.1071/BT96081. 
• Jones, D.L. (1998). "A taxonomic review of Chiloglottis in Tasmania.". Australian Orchid Research 3 (62). 
• Jones, D.L., Clements, M.A., Sharma, I.K. , Mackenzie, A.M. & Molloy, B. (2002). "Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the Tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae).". The Orchadian 13 (10): 459. 
• Jones, D.L. & Clements, M.A. (2005). "Miscellaneous nomenclature notes and changes in Australian, New Guinea and New Zealand Orchidaceae.". The Orchadian 15 (1): 37.