Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)
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This is a family tree of Chinese emperors from 1279 to 1912, the third of three periods of 700 years, from the conquest of China by the Mongols to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912.
Chinese emperors family tree (ancient) → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)
Yuan Dynasty and Northern Yuan Dynasty
The following is the Yuan dynasty family tree.
Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206. The empire became split beginning with the succession war of his grandsons Kublai Khan and Ariq Boke. Kublai Khan, after defeating his younger brother Ariq Boke, founded the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1271. The dynasty was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty during the reign of Toghun Temür in 1368, but it survived in Mongolia, known as the Northern Yuan Dynasty; years of reign over the Northern Yuan Dynasty (up to 1388) are given in brackets.
| YUANEMPS | YUANEMPS | YUANEMPS | YUANEMPS | YUANEMPS | YUANEMPS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yesükhei Baghatur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 (1) | 4 (2) | 5 (3) | 6 (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Belgutei | Bekhter | Temujin Genghis Khan ~1162-1227 Taizu 太祖 Khagan 1206-27 | Hasar | Hachiun | Temüge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jochi d.1227 | Chagatai d.1241 | Ögedei Khan ~1186-1241 Taizong 太宗 Khagan 1229-41 | Tolui ~1190-1232 Ruizong 睿宗 (Khagan 1227-29) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Güyük Khan ~1206-1248 Dingzong 定宗 Khagan 1246-48 | Möngke Khan ~1208-1259 Xianzong 憲宗 Khagan 1251-59 | Kublai Khan 1215-1294 Khagan 1260-71 Shizu 世祖 1271-1294 | Hulagu ~1217-1265 Ilkhan 1256-65 | Ariq Böke d.1266 Khagan 1260? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhenjin 真金 1243-1285 Yuzong 裕宗 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kamala d.1302 Xianzong 显宗 | Darmabala Shunzong 顺宗 | Temür Öljeytü Khan 1265-1307 Chengzong 成宗 1294-1307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yesün Temür Khan 1293-1328 Taiding 泰定 1323-1328 | Kayishan Külüg Khan 1281-1311 Wuzong 武宗 1308-1311 | Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan 1286-1320 Renzong 仁宗 1311-1320 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ragibagh Khan ~1320-1328? Tianshun 天順 1328 | Kuśala Khutughtu Khan 1300-1329 Mingzong 明宗 1329 | Tugh Temür Jayaatu Khan 1304-1332 Wenzong 文宗 1328-29, 1329-32 | Shidibala Gegeen Khan 1303-1323 Yingzong 英宗 1321-1323 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Toghun Temür Ukhaantu Khan 1320-1370 Huizong 惠宗 1333-68 ( -1370) | Rinchinbal Khan 1326-1332 Ningzong 寧宗 1332 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ayushiridara Biligtü Khan Zhaozong 昭宗 (1370-1378) | Tögüs Temür Uskhal Khan Yizong 益宗 (1378-1388) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ming Dynasty
The following is a simplified family tree for the Ming Dynasty, which ruled China between 1368 and 1644.
Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign. In China, Ming emperors are best known by their temple names, which are given second below, after the personal name. (Jianwen was not awarded a temple name: his posthumous name, Huidi (惠帝), is used instead.) The names given in bold are era names, the form by which Ming emperors are most commonly known in English, but which technically refer to the timespan of an emperor's reign rather than to the emperor himself. (Xingzong and Ruizong are temple names: they never actually ruled, but Xingzong was posthumously granted an emperor's title and Ruizong was raised posthumously to the status of emperor by his son Jiajing in the Great Rites Controversy.) The imperial family's original family name was Zhu (朱), but the Emperor Hongwu opted for the dynastic name Ming (明), meaning "brilliant". After the fall of the dynasty in 1644 and Chongzhen's suicide, a series of Ming princes based in the south of China claimed the imperial title, their court being known as the Southern Ming Dynasty. These claimants are given with their era names, and the timespans of their purported reigns in brackets. Their purported periods of rule are given in brackets. In 1662, Koxinga regained control of Taiwan from the Dutch colonial regime, and established a state for those who wished restore the Ming Dynasty to power. This state lasted until 1683, when it submitted to the Qing Dynasty.
| Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 1328-1398 Taizu 太祖 Hongwu 洪武 1368-1398 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 4 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Biao 朱標 1355-1392 Xingzong 兴宗 | Zhu Di 朱棣 1360-1424 Chengzu 成祖 Yongle 永樂 1402-1424 | Zhu Jing 朱桱 1388-1415 Prince Ding of Tang 唐定王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆 1377-1402? Huidi 惠帝 Jianwen 建文 1398-1402 | Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾 1378-1425 Renzong 仁宗 Hongxi 洪熙 1424-1425 | Zhu Qiongda 朱瓊炟 d.1475 Prince Xian of Tang 唐憲王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Zhanzhi 朱瞻基 1398-1435 Xuanzong 宣宗 Xuande 宣德 1425-1435 | Zhu Zhizhi 朱芝址 d.1485 Prince Zhuang of Tang 唐莊王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮 1427-1464 Yingzong 英宗 Zhengtong 正統 1435-1449 Tianshun 天順 1457-1464 | Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺 1428-1457 Daizong 代宗 Jingtai 景泰 1449-1457 | Zhu Miqian 朱彌鉗 Prince Gong of Tang 唐恭王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Jianshen 朱見深 1447-1487 Xianzong 憲宗 Chenghua 成化 1464-1487 | Zhu Yuwen 朱宇溫 d.1560 Prince Jing of Tang 唐敬王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Youtang 朱祐樘 1470-1505 Xiaozong 孝宗 Hongzhi 弘治 1487-1505 | Zhu Yuyuan 朱祐杬 1476-1519 Ruizong 睿宗 | Zhu Zhouyong 朱宙栐 d.1564 Prince Shun of Tang 唐順王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Houzhao 朱厚燳 1491-1521 Wuzong 武宗 Zhengde 正德 1505-1521 | Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜 1507-1567 Shizong 世宗 Jiajing 嘉靖 1521-1567 | Zhu Shihuang 朱碩熿 d.1632 Prince Duan of Tang 唐端王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Zaihou 朱載垕 1537-1572 Muzong 穆宗 Longqing 隆慶 1567-1572 | Zhu Qisheng 朱器墭 Prince Yu of Tang 唐裕王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Yijun 朱翊鈞 1563-1620 Shenzong 神宗 Wanli 萬曆 1572-1620 | Zhu Yujian 朱聿鍵 1602-1646 Prince of Tang 唐王 Longwu 隆武 (1645-1646) | Zhu Yuyue 朱聿粵 1605-1646 Prince of Tang 唐王 Shaowu 紹武 (1646) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Changluo 朱常洛 1582-1620 Guangzong 光宗 Taichang 泰昌 1620 | Zhao Changxun 朱常洵 1586-1641 Prince Zhong of Fu 福忠王 | Zhu Changying 朱常瀛 1601-1645 Prince Duan of Gui 桂端王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhu Youjiao 朱由校 1604-1627 Xizong 熹宗 Tianqi 天啟 1620-1627 | Zhu Youjian 朱由檢 1611-1644 Sizong 思宗 Chongzhen 崇禎 1627-1644 | Zhu Yousong 朱由崧 1607-1646 Prince of Fu 福王 Hongguang 弘光 (1644-1645) | Zhu Youlang 朱由榔 1623-1662 Prince of Gui 桂王 Yongli 永曆 (1646-1662) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Qing Dynasty
The following is a simplified family tree for the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China between 1644 and the declaration of the Republic of China on January 1, 1912.
Those who became emperor of China are listed in bold, with their years of reign. Nurhaci and Huang Taiji were emperors of the dynasty, which at the time dominated the Manchuria region, but were not emperors of China as a whole; their years of reign over the dynasty are therefore given in brackets. The names given for emperors are era names, the form by which Qing emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Puyi, who ruled as the Emperor Xuantong, but was generally known by his given name after his deposition). Puyi abdicated as head of state on February 12, 1912, but was permitted to retain his imperial titles until 1924. The imperial family's original Manchu clan name was Aisin Gioro ("the golden clan"). The dynasty was originally titled the Later Jin Dynasty (後金), in reference to its Jurchen origins, by Nurhaci in 1616, but in 1636 Huang Taiji opted to replace this title with the Chinese dynastic title Qing (清), meaning "pure".
| 1st generation of Iron Cap Princes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| adoption | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AISINGIOROCLAN | AISINGIOROCLAN | AISINGIOROCLAN | AISINGIOROCLAN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taksi 塔克世 d.1583 Xianzu 显祖 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nurhaci 努尔哈赤 1559-1626 Taizu 太祖 (1616-1626) | Surhaci 舒尔哈齐 1564-1611 Prince Zhuang 庄亲王 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 8 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daišan 代善 1583-1648 Prince Lie of Li 礼烈亲王 | Huang Taiji 皇太極 1592-1643 Taizong 太宗 (1626-1643) | Dorgon 多尔衮 1612-1650 Prince Zhong of Rui 睿忠亲王 | Dodo 多铎 1614-1649 Prince Tong of Yu 豫通亲王 | Jirgalang 济尔哈朗 1599-1655 Prince Xian of Zheng 郑献亲王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 5 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuetuo 岳托 1599-1639 Prince of Keqin Comm. 克勤郡王 | Sahalin 萨哈璘 1604-1636 Prince Yi of Ying 颖毅亲王 | Hooge 豪格 1609-1647 Prince Wu of Su 肃武亲王 | Shuosai 硕塞 1627-1654 Prince Yu of Chengze 承泽裕亲王 | Fulin 福臨 1638-1661 Shunzhi 順治 Shizu 世祖 (1643- ) 1644-1661 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lokodhui 勒克德浑 1619-1652 Prince Gonghui of Shuncheng Comm. 顺承恭惠郡王 | Xuanye 玄燁 1654-1722 Kangxi 康熙 Shengzu 圣祖 1661-1722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yinreng 胤礽 1674-1725 Prince Mi of Li 理密亲王 | Yinzhi 胤祉 1677-1732 Prince Yin of Cheng 诚隐亲王 | Yinzhen 胤禛 1678-1735 Yongzheng 雍正 Shizong 世宗 1723-1735 | Yinsi 胤禩 1681-1726 | Yinxiang 胤祥 1686-1730 Prince Xian of Yi 怡贤亲王 | Yinti 胤禵 1688-1756 Prince Qin of Xun Comm. 恂勤郡王 | Yinli 胤礼 1697-1738 Prince Yi of Guo 果毅亲王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hongshi 弘時 1704-1727 | Hongli 弘曆 1711-1799 Qianlong 乾隆 Gaozong 高宗 1735-1796 | Hongzhou 弘晝 1712-1765 Prince Gong of He 和恭親王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 15 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yongqi 永琪 1741-1766 Prince Chun of Rong 荣纯亲王 | Yongyan 顒琰 1760-1820 Jiaqing 嘉慶 Renzong 仁宗 1796-1820 | Yonglin 永璘 1766-1820 Prince Xi of Qing 庆僖亲王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minning 旻寧 1782-1850 Daoguang 道光 Xuanzong 宣宗 1820-1850 | Mianxing 绵性 State Duke 辅国公 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yizhu 奕詝 1831-1861 Xianfeng 咸豐 Wenzong 文宗 1850-1861 | Yicong 奕誴 1831-1889 Prince Ke of Dun 惇恪親王 | Yixin 奕訢 1833-1898 Prince Zhong of Gong 恭忠亲王 | Yixuan 奕譞 1840-1891 Prince Xian of Chun 醇贤亲王 | Yikuang 奕劻 1838-1917 Prince Mi of Qing 庆密亲王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zaichun 載淳 1856-1875 Tongzhi 同治 Muzong 穆宗 1861-1875 | Zaitian 載湉 1871-1908 Guangxu 光緒 Dezong 德宗 1875-1908 | Zaifeng 載沣 1883-1951 Prince Chun 醇亲王 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puyi 溥儀 1906-1967 Xuantong 宣統 1908-1912, 1917 | Pujie 溥傑 1907-1994 | Puren 溥任 1918- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||