Cinema of Andhra Pradesh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Tollywood" redirects here. For Tollywood Bangla, see Cinema of West Bengal.
Tollywood
Industry Motion pictures
Founded 1921
Madras, Madras Presidency,
(now Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India)
Headquarters Film Nagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Website www.apfilmchamber.com
South Asian cinema

The Cinema of Andhra Pradesh (also known as Telugu cinema or Tollywood), is a part of Indian cinema, based in Hyderabad, India. Since 1909, Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, who is regarded as the father of Telugu Cinema, was involved in many aspects of Indian cinemas history, like travelling to different regions in Asia, to promote film work. The first silent film in the state, 'Bhishma Pratignha' was produced by him in 1921.[1][2] The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.[3]

1951 film Malliswari is the first Telugu film, to be screened at International film festivals like Asia Pacific Film Festival. The film had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14, March 1953, and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States.[4][5] The film was directed by Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy, the first person to receive the Dada Saheb Phalke Award from South Indian film industry. He was the first Indian film personality, to receive the Padmabhushan in 1974, and the Doctor of Letters honor.[5]

1951 film Patala Bhairavi was the first South Indian film which was showcased at the first India International Film Festival, held in Mumbai on 24 January 1952.[4] [6][7][8] 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film.[9] As per the CBFC report of 2011, the industry is placed second in India, in terms of films produced yearly.[10] The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy.[11][12][13]

In the years 2005, 2006 and 2008 the Telugu film industry, has produced the largest number of films in India exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood.[14][15] The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world.[16] The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is the world's largest 3D IMAX screen, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.[17][18][19] The state of Andhra Pradesh, consists of the most number of cinema theaters in India.[20]

Patala Bhairavi (1951), Malliswari (1951), Devadasu (1953), Mayabazar (1957), Nartanasala (1963), Maro Charithra (1978), Maa Bhoomi (1979), Shankarabharanam (1979), Sagara Sangamam (1983), and Siva (1989) are the ten Telugu films, presented among CNN-IBN's list of hundred landmark Indian films of all time.[21]

Contents

Industry [edit]

Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 based in Chennai.[22] Indian film doyen L. V. Prasad, who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada, founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai.[23] However, through the efforts of D. V. S. Raju, the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s, during N. T. Rama Rao's political reign.[24]

Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Andhra Pradesh, developed by D. Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao, are involved in prolific film production and employment.[25] There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Many successful Telugu films have been remade by the Hindi and Tamil film industries. The industry also remakes a few Hindi, Tamil and Malayalam films. Some Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada films are dubbed into Telugu on release.[26]

The Prasads IMAX theatre in Hyderabad the biggest IMAX 3D screen in the world.[27] The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has digitized several movie theater's in the state of Andhra Pradesh.[28] The Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools of India.[29][30]

History [edit]

Early development: 1912–30 [edit]

The Telugu film industry originated with silent films in 1912, with the production and release of Bhisma Pratighna in 1921 [31] The film was directed by Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu and his son R. S. Prakash.[32] The two, with Yaragudipati Varada Rao, would go on to produce and direct dozens of films throughout the decade, casting theater actors in major roles.[33] They established a long-lasting precedent of focusing exclusively on religious themes; Nandanar, Gajendra Moksham, and Matsyavatar, three of their most noted productions, centered on religious figures, parables, and morals.

Rise of the talkie: 1931–1947 [edit]

Promotional poster of the 1931 film Bhakta Prahlada the first south Indian talkie directed by H. M. Reddy to have a theatrical release[34]
Vuppaladadiyam Nagayya, multilingual film actor, singer, music composer, producer and director's in India. He was known as the Paul Muni of India in the media.[35][36]

On 15 September 1931, the first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was produced by H.M. Reddy. Hence, every year, Telugu Cinema Day is observed on 15 September, commemorating its release.[37] Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lavakusa. Directed by C. Pullaiah and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani in lead roles, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theaters and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.[38]

By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.[38] That year, under the direction of Krithiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's Vandemataram and Maala Pilla. Touching on societal problems like the status of Untouchables and the practice of giving dowry, Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.[39]

The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,[40] a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.[41] As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.[42] Ghantasala Balaramayya, has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao's Telugu film acting debut in 1944.[43]

Commercial stance [edit]

As one of the commercially consistent film industries in India.[44] Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.[45] As one of the revenue generating film industries, Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of Andhra Pradesh.[44][46] [47]

Pokiri has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in two years owing to the film's commercial success.It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006.[48] Walt Disney Pictures co-produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu, making it the first South Indian production by Disney.[49][50] As of 2012, Gabbar Singh is the highest grossing Telugu film of all time.[51] 2012 film Eega is showcased among the Cannes Film Festival's market section (Marché du Film), one of the largest film markets in the world.[52][53][54]

Enhanced technology among live action animation, digital compositing, and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. Visual effects based fantasy films like Magadheera, Arundhati, Eega and Dhamarukam emerged as blockbusters. Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, Chakri Toleti and V. Srinivas Mohan are some of the visual effects professional's from the state known for their works in Telugu films.[55][56]

Critical reception [edit]

The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore, historical, fantasy and mythological films.[57][58][59] Kadri Venkata Reddy and B. Vittalacharya were pioneers of this genre.[57][60][61] Mayabazar and Patala Bhairavi got critical acclaim at the inaugural International Film Festival of India in the 1950s.[62][63] Nartanasala won the best art direction award at the Afro Asian film festival in Jakarta.[64] Donga Ramudu directed by K. V. Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India,[60]

Sankarabharanam won the Prize of the Public at the Besancon Film Festival of France in the year 1981.[65] Thilaadanam won the New Currents Award at the 7th Busan International Film Festival of South Korea.[66] B. Narsing Rao produced Maa Bhoomi which was showcased at Karlovy Vary Film Festival, Cairo and Sidney Film Festivals. He directed, Daasi and Matti Manushulu which won the Diploma of Merit award at the Moscow International Film Festival in 1989 and 1991 respectively. Maa Ooru directed by him won the Media Wave Award at the Hungary International festival of visual arts.[67] In 2003, he directed Hari Villu which was nominated avant-garde at the 56th Cannes Film Festival.[68]

Bapu's Seeta Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival.[69] Swati Mutyam (1986) is the only Telugu film to be sent by India as its official entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the Academy Awards.[70][71] Swati Mutyam and Sagara Sangamam got critical acclaim at Asia Pacific Film Festival.[72][73] Oka Oori Katha has won special awards at Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and Carthage Film Festival.[74] Vanaja won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival.[75] 2012 film Dream, has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival.[76][77][78] S. S. Rajamouli's Eega was nominated for six awards including Best film, Best Cinematographer, Best Special effects, Best Music Composer, Best Editor and Best supporting Actor at the Madrid International Film Festival.[79]

Cast and crew [edit]

Actor Venkatesh at Celebrity Cricket League 2013 glam night

Chittor V. Nagaiah was one of the most influential actors of South Indian cinema.[35] S. V. Ranga Rao is one of the first Indian actors of the time to receive international award at Indonesian Film Festival, held in Jakarta for Narthanasala in 1963.[80] N. T. Rama Rao was one of the most commercially successful Telugu actors of his time.[81] K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirami Reddy have garnered international recognition for their pioneering work in Parallel Cinema.[82][83] Adurthi Subba Rao, has garnered eight National Film Awards, the highest individual awards in Telugu cinema, for his pioneering work as a director.[84] Akkineni Kutumba Rao's Patha Nagaramlo Pasivadu received Cairo International Film Festival's, Merit Certificate for best feature.[85][86]

Dasari Narayana Rao has directed the most number of films in Telugu, he directed Meghasandesam, which got critical acclaim at Cannes and Moscow Film Festival.[87][88] Emergence of director Jandhyala in the 1980s saw the growth of comedy film genre in Telugu cinema.[89] Actor and producer, Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts in Telugu film Industry like the first eastman color film Eenadu (1982), the first Cinemascope film Alluri Seetharama Raju, first 70mm film Simhasanam, first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara (1988) and introducing cowboy and James Bond styles to the Telugu screen.[90]

Noted film editor from the state, A. Sreekar Prasad, known for his initial works in Telugu films of the 1980s, has garnered national recognition for film editing across multiple languages of Indian cinema.[91] S. V. Ranga Rao, Kanta Rao, Bhanumathi Ramakrishna, Savitri and Sobhan Babu are the actors who received the erstwhile Rashtrapati Award for best performance in a leading role.[92][93] Sharada, Archana, Vijayashanti and P. L. Narayana are the actors to receive the National Film Award for best performance in acting from this industry. Chiranjeevi, was listed among "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by IBN-live India.[94][95]

Brahmanandam, a Telugu actor, holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language.[96][97] S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu film industry has won National Film Awards across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded the most number of songs for any male playback singer and has received 25 Nandi Awards from Andhra Pradesh.[98] Sri Sri was one of the influential Telugu film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honours like Sahitya Akademi Award, Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work in Telugu poetry and film lyrics.[99]

Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South from 2007[100][101]

Distribution [edit]

As of 2012, Dookudu had one of the largest worldwide opening for a Telugu film, releasing globally in 1,600 screens,[102] including 71 in Hyderabad, India.[103] The film became the first Telugu project to release in Botswana and was opened in a single screen with one show by the Telugu Association of Botswana.Dookudu was released over 79 theaters in the United States; the Los Angeles Times quoted Dookudu as "the biggest hit you've never heard of."[104]

Further, it was released in Netherlands, Germany, South Africa, Dubai and Finland, the first for a Telugu film, and in regular overseas markets like Singapore, Malaysia and UK[105] The producers approached the high court for a John Doe order to prevent piracy of the film.[106] It set a box office record for the Telugu film industry by collecting a gross of more than INR1 billion.[107][108][109]

Guinness Records [edit]

  • Guinness Record had been awarded to Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world, it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares (1,666 acres). With 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples.[16][110]
  • Movie producer D.Rama Naidu holds the Guinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films.[111]
  • In 2002, the Guinness Book of Records named Vijaya Nirmala as the female director with most number of films; she made 47 films. In a career spanning approximately two decades, she acted in over 200 films with 25 each in Malayalam and Tamil. She has also produced 15 films.[117]

Dubbed films [edit]

1949 film Keelu Gurram, is the first Telugu film to be dubbed into Tamil as Maya Kudhirai.[4] According to AP Film Chamber of Commerce, "as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the state of Andhra Pradesh".[118]

State awards [edit]

Regional awards [edit]

Studios [edit]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Telugu Cinema Celebrity - Raghupati Venkaiah Naidu
  2. ^ The Hindu : Friday Review Hyderabad : `Nijam cheppamantara, abaddham cheppamantara... '
  3. ^ "The Hindu News". 
  4. ^ a b c Eenadu Daily, Eenadu Sunday - April 28, 2013, 100 years of Indian Cinema, Early Tollywood, Page 9
  5. ^ a b Directorate of Film Festival
  6. ^ Sashidhar AS, TNN Aug 13, 2012, 04.15PM IST (2012-08-13). "Donga Ramudu was included in FTII - Times Of India" (Press release). Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  7. ^ "Nostalgia - Pathala Bhairavi". CineGoer.com. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  8. ^ ::Directorate Of Film Festivals::
  9. ^ "4th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved September 2, 2011. 
  10. ^ Annual report 2011 (PDF). Central Board of Film Certification, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. 
  11. ^ Reliance Media works digital postproduction facilty, Hyderabad. Reliance Media. Retrieved March 2012 
  12. ^ UTV distribution market. India Glitz. Retrieved March 2012, 
  13. ^ Mou with MPAA. The Hindu Cinema. Retrieved March 2012 
  14. ^ "Times Of India". TimesofIndia.com. 2 october 2010. 
  15. ^ "Telugu film industry enters new era". Blonnet.com. 6 November 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2010. 
  16. ^ a b "Official Site of Guinnessworldrecords.com Largest Film studio in the world". 
  17. ^ "CNN Travel". CNN.com. 
  18. ^ "Thehindu.com King of Good times Prasad's Imax". The Hindu Newspaper. 
  19. ^ Dan Nosowitz (30 May 2009). "The Seven IMAX Wonders of the World". Gizmodo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10. 
  20. ^ wiki answers Which state in India has most movie theaters?. wiki answers. 
  21. ^ 100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time|Movies News Photos-IBNLive
  22. ^ S. Muthiah (6 December 2009). "Arts / History & Culture : Madras Miscellany - `The First Family' gets together". The Hindu. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  23. ^ "Stage set for technical excellence". The Hindu. 18 April 2003. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  24. ^ "Film producer D.V.S. Raju passes away". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 14 November 2010. 
  25. ^ Telugu film industry enters new era
  26. ^ Annual report 2009 (PDF). Central Board of Film Certification, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Retrieved 2010-07-16 
  27. ^ "100 New IMAX Screens | Film". Slashfilm.com. 6 December 2007. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 
  28. ^ "UFO Moviez to digitize 1000 theatres in Andhra Pradesh". businessofcinema.com. Retrieved 2012-08-28. 
  29. ^ "Annapurna Studios' film, media school to offer course on iPhone, iPad apps". The Hindu (Hyderabad, India). 6 April 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2013. 
  30. ^ "FTIA". Hyderabad, India: The Hindu. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012. 
  31. ^ Encyclopaedia of early cinema, by Richard Abel, pp. 677, Bhishma Pratigya, 1921 film
  32. ^ "Telugu Cinema Biography". Totaltollywood.com. 3 May 1913. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 
  33. ^ CineGoer.com - Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema
  34. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (10 September 2011). "Eighty glorious years of Telugu talkie". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 
  35. ^ a b "Nagaiah — noble, humble and kind-hearted". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 8 April 2005. 
  36. ^ "Paul Muni of India - Chittoor V.Nagayya". Bharatjanani.com. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 
  37. ^ Special Correspondent (11 September 2011). "Today's Paper / NATIONAL : Telugu Cinema Day on September 15". The Hindu. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  38. ^ a b "Reliving the reel and the real". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 19 January 2007. 
  39. ^ "Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  40. ^ "Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. 17 July 1943. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  41. ^ "Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  42. ^ "Articles - History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  43. ^ Ghantasala Balaramaiah: The Legend who created Legends | 26lettersto24frames
  44. ^ a b "B-town grabs Dookudu - The Times of India". The Times Of India. 
  45. ^ Business Standard (25 January 2006). "Tamil, Telugu film industries outshine Bollywood". Business-standard.com. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  46. ^ "Telugu film industry turns 81". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 16 September 2011. 
  47. ^ "Telugu film industry, Ind: msg#00117". Osdir.com. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  48. ^ "Showcase: IIFA 2006 - Dubai | Film Festival". IIFA. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  49. ^ "Disney fantasy film in Telugu, Tamil". The Hindu. 2010. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-21. 
  50. ^ TNN (17 March 2010). "Walt Disney picks Shruti, Siddharth!". Times of India. Retrieved 2010-03-17. 
  51. ^ "DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan Chargers". The Economic Times. Retrieved 13 September 2012. 
  52. ^ SS Rajamouli’s Eega to be screened at Cannes, Shanghai film festivals - Bollywood News & Gossip, Movie Reviews, Trailers & Videos at Bollywoodlife.com
  53. ^ "‘Makkhi’ Review: Revenge comes in all sizes!". Zeenews.india.com. Retrieved October 13, 2012. 
  54. ^ "Eega to be screened at Cannes!". 123telugu.com. Retrieved May 14, 2013 at 9:50 AM IST. 
  55. ^ The animated lot - The Hindu
  56. ^ "60th National Film Awards Announced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. Retrieved 18 March 2013. 
  57. ^ a b "'Maya Bazaar' forever!". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 21 April 2006. 
  58. ^ "Mythological characters, a hit in T-town". The Times Of India. 10 May 2011. 
  59. ^ "I feel blessed to play Sita: Nayanthara". The Times of India on Mobile. 20 December 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-19. 
  60. ^ a b Sashidhar AS, TNN 13 Aug 2012, 04.15PM IST (13 August 2012). "Donga Ramudu was included in FTII - Times Of India" (Press release). Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  61. ^ "A new Jaganmohini". The Times Of India. 22 June 2008. 
  62. ^ "Nostalgia - Pathala Bhairavi". CineGoer.com. Retrieved 2012-08-27. 
  63. ^ "Ace lensman recalls magic moments". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 14 April 2006. 
  64. ^ "Directorate of Film Festival". Iffi.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  65. ^ "Directorate of Film Festival". Iffi.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  66. ^ "How Kamli came alive onscreen" (Press release). Rediff.com. 31 December 2004. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  67. ^ "Narsing Rao's films regale Delhi" (Press release). webindia123.com. 21 December 2008. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  68. ^ The Hindu : Touching tale
  69. ^ m.l. narasimham (12 November 2011). "Arts / Cinema : Preview: Epic comes full circle". The Hindu. Retrieved 2012-08-24. 
  70. ^ "Times of India". 
  71. ^ "Ibn Live". 
  72. ^ "Kamal Haasan". Bharatwaves.com. Retrieved 2012-09-05. 
  73. ^ Prakash KL. "Sagara Sangamam to be screened at Kamal's films fest | - Oneindia Entertainment". Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved 2012-09-04. 
  74. ^ Oka Oori Katha (The Outsiders). Mrinal Sen. Retrieved on 2011-09-17.
  75. ^ "2007's MediaBridge Award Winners". Chicago International Children's Film Festival. Retrieved 2008-02-17. 
  76. ^ 2013 Official Selections
  77. ^ ‘Dream’ hops to Canada in flying colours - The Hindu
  78. ^ Eenadu daily, Eenadu Cinema, page 16, April 11, 2013
  79. ^ Shiva Prasad (May 16, 2013). "After Cannes; Eega heads to Madrid & Korea". The Times of India. Retrieved May 16, 2013. 
  80. ^ Mahabhinishkramana, Viswa Nata Chakravarti, M. Sanjay Kishore, Sangam Akademy, Hyderabad, 2005, pp: 69-70.
  81. ^ NTR, Sridevi greatest actor of all times in India: survey - Hindustan Times
  82. ^ "Arts / Cinema : Conscientious filmmaker" (Press release). The Hindu. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  83. ^ Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy – Poet, Film maker of international fame from NelloreOne Nellore | One Nellore
  84. ^ Stars : Star Profiles : Adurti Subbarao: A Tribute
  85. ^ "Long journey sans fun" (Press release). The Hindu. 19 November 2002. Retrieved 2012-08-29. 
  86. ^ "Children's Film Society, India | Page 14" (Press release). cfsindia. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-29. 
  87. ^ 30 Jun 2011 - Ranjana Dave (30 June 2011). "The meaning in movement". The Asian Age. Retrieved 2012-09-04. 
  88. ^ 30 years of Meghasandesam, retrospective, Eenadu cinema, 24-9-2012, Eenadu Daily
  89. ^ 8 decades of laughter - Times Of India
  90. ^ Pasupulate, Karthik. "Super Star Krishna retires from movies". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 December 2012. 
  91. ^ Sudhish Kamath (18 March 2011). "Life & Style / Metroplus : The Saturday Interview - A cut above". The Hindu. Retrieved 2011-12-06. 
  92. ^ "Telugu star Shoban Babu passes away". Hindustan Times. 21 March 2008. Retrieved 2013-02-10. 
  93. ^ Social Post (25 March 2009). "Kantha Rao becomes a memory | News - Oneindia Entertainment". Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved 2012-11-03. 
  94. ^ 100 Years of Cinema: The men who changed the face of Indian films|Movies News Photos-IBNLive
  95. ^ "AU confers honorary degrees on Chiru, others". Hindu.com. 7 November 2006. Retrieved 2011-04-21. 
  96. ^ a b "Guinness record for Brahmanandam". The Times of India. 15 December 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2010. 
  97. ^ a b "Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2011-09-21. 
  98. ^ DC Correspondent New Delhi (26 January 2011). "SPB wins Padma Bhushan, no Bharat Ratna this year". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-05-02
  99. ^ http://dff.nic.in/2011/22nd_nff_1974.pdf. Retrieved 2012-08-29.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  100. ^ "56th Filmfare Awards South - Times of India". Indiatimes. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-22. 
  101. ^ "Idea Filmfare awards ceremony on July 2". The Times Of India. 11 June 2011. 
  102. ^ 'I knew Dookudu would be a blockbuster'. Rediff, retrieved on 6 October 2011
  103. ^ "Will lady luck smile on Mahesh Babu's Dookudu?". Oneindia.in. Retrieved 13 October 2011. 
  104. ^ "'Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 September 2011. 
  105. ^ "It's Dookudu all the way". Times of India. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011. 
  106. ^ "Dookudu on piracy alert, to avail John Doe Order". Oneindia.in. Retrieved 13 October 2011. 
  107. ^ Karthik Paspulatte, TNN, 20 Nov 2011, 12.00AM IST (20 November 2011). "Dookudu touches the one billion mark". Times Of India. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 
  108. ^ "Mahesh Babu gets raunchy with Kajal Agarwal". Zee News. Retrieved 8 December 2011. 
  109. ^ "Mahesh Babu's Dookudu collects 101 cr in 50 days". NDTV. 
  110. ^ "Ramoji Film City sets Guinness record". The Hindu. 3 August 2005. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  111. ^ "Press Information Bureau English Releases". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  112. ^ "Most screen credits for a living actor". Guinnessworldrecords.com. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  113. ^ "Guinness record for Brahmanandam". Times of India. 15 December 2007. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  114. ^ "BBC Interview with S P Balasubramaniam". 
  115. ^ "Singing his way to the guinness". Spbala.com. 5 March 1999. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  116. ^ "Make way for SPB, the TV host! - Rediff.com Movies". Movies.rediff.com. 19 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-08-25. 
  117. ^ "Guinness Record for Vijaya Nirmala". The Hindu. 
  118. ^ "GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH: Andhra Pradesh Entertainment Tax Act, 1939". 
  119. ^ ""Shri B. Nagi Reddy" award for "Eega" movie". idlebrain.com. April 6, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013 at 18:04 IST. 
  120. ^ "TSR-TV9 film awards function in city today". The Times Of India. 10 April 2011. 
  121. ^ Pre-visualisation, fire fly creative studios, Hyderabad. The Hindu Cinema. Retrieved April 2012, 
  122. ^ Sanath fire fly, digital lab, Hyderabad. The Hindu, Cinema. Retrieved April 2012 
  123. ^ Suresh Krishnamoorthy (9 July 2012). "Cities / Hyderabad : With technology, ‘Eega’ takes wings". The Hindu. Retrieved 2012-09-19. 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cinema of Andhra Pradesh
1954–1960
Certificate of Merit
1961–1980
Certificate of Merit
1981–2000
2001–present
Telugu cinema
Films by Name
Films by Decade
Films by Year
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Andhra_Pradesh&oldid=555632206"