Cities of the ancient Near East
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The largest cities in the Bronze Age ancient Near East housed several tens of thousands. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age with some 30,000 inhabitants was the largest city of the time by far. Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65,000 inhabitants; Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50–60,000, while Niniveh had some 20–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (ca. 700 BC).
The KI 𒆠 determative was the Sumerian term for a city or city state.[1] In Akkadian and Hittite orthography, URU𒌷 became a determinative sign denoting a city, or combined with KUR𒆳 "land" the kingdom or territory controlled by a city, e.g. 𒄡𒆳𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 LUGAL KUR URUHa-at-ti "the king of the country of (the city of) Hatti".
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[edit] Mesopotamia
Further information: Geography of Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia
[edit] Lower Mesopotamia
(ordered from north to south)
- Eshnunna (Tell Asmar)
- Diniktum
- Tutub (Khafajah)
- Der (Tell Aqar, Durum?)
- Sippar (Tell Abu Habbah)
- Sippar-Amnanum (Tell ed-Der)
- Kutha (Tell Ibrahim)
- Jemdet Nasr (NI.RU)
- Kish (Tell Uheimir & Ingharra)
- Babilim (Babylon)
- Borsippa (Birs Nimrud)
- Mashkan-shapir (Tell Abu Duwari)
- Dilbat (Tell ed-Duleim)
- Nippur (Afak)
- Marad (Tell Wannat es-Sadum)
- Adab (Tell Bismaya)
- Isin (Ishan al-Bahriyat)
- Kisurra (Tell Abu Hatab)
- Shuruppak (Tell Fara)
- Bad-tibira (Tell al-Madineh?)
- Zabalam (Tell Ibzeikh)
- Umma (Tell Jokha)
- Girsu (Tello or Telloh)
- Lagash (Tell al-Hiba)
- Urum (Tell Uqair)
- Uruk (Warka)
- Larsa (Tell as-Senkereh)
- Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar)
- Kuara (Tell al-Lahm)
- Eridu (Tell Abu Shahrain)
- Tell al-'Ubaid
- Akshak
- Akkad
[edit] Upper Mesopotamia
(ordered from north to south)
- Urfa
- Shanidar cave
- Urkesh (Tell Mozan)
- Tell Leilan (Shekhna, Shubat-Enlil)
- Tell Arbid
- Harran
- Chagar Bazar
- Kahat (Tell Barri)
- Tell el Fakhariya (Washukanni?)
- Hadatu
- Carchemish (Djerabis)
- Til Barsip
- Tell Chuera
- Al-Rawda
- Nabada (Tell Beydar)
- Nagar (Tell Brak)
- Telul eth-Thalathat
- Tepe Gawra
- Tell Arpachiyah (Tepe Reshwa)
- Shibaniba (Tell Billa)
- Tarbisu (Sherif Khan)
- Nineveh (Ninua)
- Qatara or Karana (Tell al-Rimah)
- Tell Hamoukar
- Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)
- Tell Shemshara
- Arbil (Urbilim, Arba-Ilu)
- Tell Taya
- Tell Hassuna
- Balawat (Imgur-Enlil)
- Tell es-Sweyhat
- Nimrud (Kalhu)
- Emar (Tell Meskene)
- Qal'at Jarmo
- Arrapha
- Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta
- Assur
- Shubat-Enlil
- Ekallatum
- Nuzi (Yorghan Tepe, Gasur)
- Tell al-Fakhar (Kuruhanni?)
- Terqa (Tell Ashara)
- Doura Europos
- Mari (Tell Hariri)
- Haradum (Khirbet ed-Diniyeh)
- Tell es Sawwan
- Nerebtum or Kiti (Tell Ishchali)
- Tell Agrab
- Dur-Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf)
- Shaduppum (Tell Harmal)
- Seleucia
- Ctesiphon (Taq Kisra)
- Zenobia (Halabiye)
- Zalabiye
- Hatra
[edit] Zagros and Elam
(ordered from north to south)
- Hasanlu
- Takht-i-Suleiman
- Behistun
- Godin Tepe
- Chogha Mish
- Tepe Sialk
- Susa
- Kabnak (Haft Tepe)
- Dur Untash (Chogha Zanbil)
- Shahr-i-Sokhte
- Pasargadai
- Naqsh-e Rustam
- Parsa (Persepolis)
- Tall-i Bakun
- Anshan (Tall-i Malyan or Tepe Malyan)
- Konar Sandal
- Tepe Yahya
[edit] Anatolia
(ordered from north to south)
- Miletus
- Sfard (Sardis)
- Nicaea
- Sapinuwa
- Yazilikaya
- Alaca Höyük
- Maşat Höyük
- Alishar Hüyük
- Hattusa
- Ilios (Wilusa, Ilion, Troas, Troy)
- Kanesh (Nesa, Kültepe)
- Arslantepe (Malatya)
- Çayönü (Amed, Diyarbakir)
- Sam'al (Zincirli Höyük)
- Çatalhöyük
- Beycesultan
- Karatepe
- Tarsus
- Gözlükule
- Sultantepe
- Attalia (Antalya)
[edit] The Levant
(all ordered alphabetically)
- Acco (Acre)
- Adoraim (Adora, Dura)
- Alalah (Alalakh)
- Aleppo
- Al-Sinnabra (Khirbat al-Karak, Bet Yerah)
- Aphek (Antipatris, Tell Afik)
- Arad Rabbah (Tel Arad)
- Ashdod
- Ashkelon
- Baalbek (Heliopolis)
- Batroun (Botrys)
- Beersheba
- Beth Shean (Beth Shan)
- Bet Shemesh (house of Shamash)
- Bethany (beyond the Jordan)
- Bet-el
- Bezer
- Byblos (Gubla, Kepen)
- Capernaum
- Dan
- Damascus (Dimasqu, Dimashq)
- Deir Alla (Pethor?)
- Dhiban (Dibon)
- Dor (D-jr, Dora)
- Ebla (Tell Mardikh)
- En Gedi (Tell Goren)
- Enfeh (Ampi)
- Ekron (Tel Miqne)
- Et-Tell (Ai?)
- Gerasa / Jarash
- Gath
- Gaza
- Gezer
- Gibeah (Tell el-Ful?)
- Gilgal Refaim (Rujm el-Hiri)
- Hamath (Epiphania)
- Hazor
- Hebron
- Herodion (Herodium)
- Jericho (Tell es Sultan)
- Jerusalem (Jebus)
- Jezreel
- Kadesh Barnea
- Kedesh (Qadesh)
- Kir of Moab (Kerak)
- Kumidi (Kamid al lawz)
- Lachish (Tell ed-Duweir)
- Megiddo
- Qatna (Tell Mishrifeh)
- Qumran
- Rabat Amon (Philadelphia)
- Samaria
- Sarepta
- Sharuhen (Tell el-Ajjul)
- Shiloh
- Sidon
- Tadmor (Palmyra)
- Tall Zira'a
- Tell Balata (Shechem)
- Tell el-Hesi (Eglon?)
- Tell Qarqur (Karkar?)
- Tell Tweini (Gibala?)
- Tirzah (Tell el-Farah North)
- Tyros (Tylos)
- Ugarit (Ras Shamra)
- Umm el-Marra
[edit] Arabian Peninsula
[edit] Egypt
Main article: Cities of ancient Egypt
[edit] Kush and Ethiopia
- Kerma (Doukki Gel)
- Jebel Barkal
- Napata
- Meroë
- Aksum
[edit] See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ancient Near East maps |
- City-state
- Sumerian King List
- Historical cities
- Short chronology timeline
- List of oldest continuously inhabited cities
[edit] External links
[edit] References
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