Clonally transmissible cancer
A parasitic cancer or transmissible cancer is a cancer cell or cluster of cancer cells that can be transmitted from animal to animal.
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Examples in animals[edit]
Cancer is not normally a contagious disease, but there are three known exceptions in dogs, Tasmanian devils and Syrian hamsters. These cancers have a relatively stable genome as they are transmitted.[1] Because of their transmission, it was initially thought that these diseases were caused by the transfer of oncoviruses, in the manner of cervical cancer caused by HPV.
- Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a transmissible parasitic cancer in the Tasmanian devil.[2]
- Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is sexually transmitted cancer in dogs. It was experimentally transplanted between dogs in 1876 by M. A. Novinsky (1841–1914). A single malignant clone of CTVT cells has colonized dogs worldwide, representing the oldest known malignant cell line in continuous propagation.[3]
- Contagious reticulum cell sarcoma of the Syrian hamster[4] can be transmitted from one Syrian hamster to another by means of the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.[5]
It has been suggested that animals that have undergone population bottlenecks are at greater risks of contracting transmissible cancers.[6]
Instances of transmission of human cancer[edit]
Transmissible cancers are rare in humans.[7] A malignant fibrous histiocytoma was contracted from a patient by a surgeon when he injured his hand during an operation.[8] More recently, Barrozi and colleagues found that a significant fraction of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring after transplantation may be due to tumorous outgrowth of donor cells.[9] Although Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a virus (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), in these cases, it appears likely that transmission of virus-infected tumor cells—rather than the free virus—caused tumors in the transplant recipients.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Retrovirology A sexually transmitted parasitic cancer
- ^ Pearse, A.-M., Swift, K. (2006). "Allograft theory: Transmission of devil facial-tumour disease". Nature 439 (7076): 549. doi:10.1038/439549a. PMID 16452970.
- ^ Murgia C, Pritchard JK, Kim SY, Fassati A, Weiss RA (August 2006). "Clonal origin and evolution of a transmissible cancer". Cell 126 (3): 477–87. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.051. PMC 2593932. PMID 16901782.
- ^ COPPER, H.L.; MacKay, CM; Banfield, WG (1964-10-01). "CHROMOSOME STUDIES OF A CONTAGIOUS RETICULUM CELL SARCOMA OF THE SYRIAN HAMSTER". J Natl Cancer Inst 33: 691–706. PMID 14220251.
- ^ Banfield, William G.; Woke, PA; MacKay, CM; Cooper, HL (1965-05-28). "Mosquito Transmission of a Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of Hamsters". Science 148 (3674): 1239–1240. doi:10.1126/science.148.3674.1239. PMID 14280009.
- ^ Belov K (February 2011). "The role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the spread of contagious cancers". Mamm. Genome 22 (1-2): 83–90. doi:10.1007/s00335-010-9294-2. PMID 20963591.
- ^ Welsh JS (2011). "Contagious cancer". Oncologist 16 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0301. PMID 21212437.
- ^ Gärtner, Hermine-Valeria; Seidl, Christian; Luckenbach, Christine; Schumm, Georg; Seifried, Erhard; Ritter, Horst; Bültmann, Burkhard (1996), "Genetic analysis of a sarcoma accidentally transplanted from a patient to a surgeon.", New England Journal of Medicine 335 (20): 1494–1497, doi:10.1056/NEJM199611143352004, PMID 8890100, retrieved 2009-03-29
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12692543
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