Close front unrounded vowel
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See also: IPA, Consonants
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is indicated by appending ː.
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is indicated by appending ː.
| IPA – number | 301 |
| IPA – text | i |
| IPA – image | |
| Entity | i |
| X-SAMPA | i |
| Kirshenbaum | i |
The close front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is i, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is i.
The letter used for the close front unrounded vowel is I (For mostly European and Asian languages) with only one exception, in English, the letter used for the same sound is E.
Contents |
[edit] Features
- Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | ажьырныҳәа | [aʑirnuħʷo] | 'January' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Afrikaans | dankie | [daŋki] | 'thank you' | ||
| Albanian | mali | [mali] | 'the mountain' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[1] | دين | [d̪iːn] | 'religion' | See Arabic phonology |
| Armenian | իմ | [im] | 'my' | ||
| Azerbaijani | dili | [dili] | 'tree' | ||
| Basque | bizar | [bis̻ar] | 'beard' | ||
| Bengali | আমি | [ami] | 'I' | ||
| Burmese | ? | [sə sá bjì] | 'I am eating now' | ||
| Catalan[2] | sis | [sis] | 'six' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chickasaw | lhinko | [ɬinko] | 'to be fat' | ||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 詩/si1 | [siː˥] | 'poem' | See Standard Cantonese |
| Mandarin | 北京/Běijīng | [peɪ˨˩ tɕiŋ˥˥] | 'Beijing' | See Standard Mandarin | |
| Croatian | vino | [viːno̞] | 'wine' | ||
| Czech | bílý | [ˈbiːliː] | 'white' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dahalo | [ʡáɬi] | 'fat' | |||
| Danish | bilist | [b̥iˈlisd] | 'car driver' | See Danish phonology | |
| Dutch[3] | biet | [bit] | 'beet' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English[4] | free | [fɹiː] | 'free' | See English phonology | |
| Estonian | tiik | [tiːk] | 'pond' | ||
| Faroese | il | [iːl] | 'sole' | ||
| Finnish[5] | viisi | [viːsi] | 'five' | See Finnish phonology | |
| French[6] | fini | [fini] | 'finished' | See French phonology | |
| Georgian[7] | სამი | [ˈsɑmi] | 'three' | ||
| German | Ziel | [tsiːl] | 'goal' | See German phonology | |
| Greek | υγιεινή | [iˌʝiiˈni] | 'hygiene' | Also represented by <οι> and <υι>. See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Guaraní | ha’ukuri | [haʔukuri] | 'Guaraní' | ||
| Haida | gii | [?] | '?' | ||
| Hawaiian | makani | [makani] | 'breeze' | See Hawaiian phonology | |
| Hebrew | דיר | [diʁ] | 'pen' (enclosure) | Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Hebrew phonology | |
| Hindi | तीन | [t̪iːn] | 'three' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian[8] | ív | [iːv] | 'arch' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Icelandic | líka | [liːka] | 'also' | See Icelandic phonology | |
| Indonesian | ini | [ini] | 'this' | ||
| Irish | sí | [ʃiː] | 'she' | See Irish phonology | |
| Italian[9] | bile | [ˈbile] | 'rage' | See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese[10] | 銀/gin | [ɡiɴ] | 'silver' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Korean | 시장/sijang | [ɕiˈd͡ʑaŋ] | 'hunger' | See Korean phonology | |
| Kurdish | zîndu | [ziːndu] | 'alive' | ||
| Macedonian | јазик | [jazik] | 'tongue' | ||
| Maltese | bieb | [biːb] | 'door' | ||
| Mongolian[11] | долоо | [xiɾɘ̆] | 'dirt' | ||
| Navajo | biwosh | [biɣʷoʃ] | 'his cactus' | ||
| Norwegian | is | [iːs] | 'ice' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Occitan | Northern and Southern | miralhar | [miraˈʎa] | 'to reflect' | |
| Gascon | polida | [?] | 'pretty' | ||
| Pashto | پانير | [pɑˈnir] | 'cheese' | ||
| Persian | کی | [kiː] | 'who' | See Persian phonology | |
| Pirahã | baíxi | [màíʔì] | 'parent' | ||
| Polish[12] | miś | 'teddy bear' | See Polish phonology | ||
| Portuguese[13] | li | [liː] | 'I read' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Quechua | allin | [ˈaʎin] | 'good' | ||
| Romanian | insulă | [ˈinsulə] | 'island' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian[14] | лист | [lʲist] | 'list' | Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Scottish Gaelic | chì | [xiː] | 'shall see' | ||
| Serbian | милина/milina | [milina] | 'enjoyment' | ||
| Seri | cmiique | [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] | 'person' | ||
| Sindhi | سنڌي | [sɪndʱiː] | 'Sindhi' | ||
| Sioux | Lakota[15][16] | ǧí | [ʀí] | 'it's brown' | |
| Slovak | chlapi | [xlapi] | 'men' | ||
| Spanish[17] | tipo | [ˈt̪ipo̞] | 'type' | May also be represented by <y>. See Spanish phonology | |
| Swahili | miti | [miti] | 'trees' | ||
| Swedish | is | 'ice' | See Swedish phonology | ||
| Tagalog | silya | [ˈsiljɐ] | 'chair' | ||
| Tajik | бинӣ | [biˈniː] | 'nose' | ||
| Thai[18] | กริช | [krìt] | 'dagger' | ||
| Turkish | ip | [ip] | 'rope' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ubykh | [ɡʲi] | 'heart' | Allophone of /ə/ after palatalized consonants. See Ubykh phonology | ||
| Udmurt[19] | ? | [ovorte] | 'to inform' | ||
| Ukrainian | кіт | [kit] | 'cat' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Vietnamese | ty | [tī] | 'bureau' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
| Võro | kirotas | [kʲirotas] | 'he writes' | ||
| Welsh | hir | [hiːr] | 'long' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[20] | diza | [d̪iza] | 'Zapotec' | |
| Zulu | umuzi | [uˈmuːzi] | 'village' | ||
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Thelwall (1990:38)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:47)
- ^ Roach (2004:240)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:60, 66)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261-262)
- ^ Szende (1994:92)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66-67)
- ^ Jassem (2003:105)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:30)
- ^ Rood & Taylor (1996)
- ^ Lakota Language Consortium (2004). Lakota letters and sounds.
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256)
- ^ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:64, 68)
- ^ Merrill (2008:109)
[edit] Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56, ISSN 0025-1003
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94, ISSN 0025-1003
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73-76, ISSN 0025-1003
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45-47, ISSN 0025-1003
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59-71, ISSN 0025-1003
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107, ISSN 0025-1003
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969). The Phonetics of Russian. Cambridge University Press.
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259, ISSN 0025-1003
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107-114, ISSN 0025-1003
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94-96, ISSN 0025-1003
- Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 239-245, ISSN 0025-1003
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121, ISSN 0025-1003
- Rood, David S; Taylor, Allan R. (2006), "Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I", Handbook of North American Indians 17: 440-482
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264, ISSN 0025-1003
- Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA:Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet 24 (2): 91-94, ISSN 0025-1003
- Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24-26, ISSN 0025-1003
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37-41, ISSN 0025-1003