Close front unrounded vowel

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Vowels
v • d • e
See also: IPA, Consonants
  Front Near- front Central Near- back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i · y
ɨ · ʉ
ɯ · u
ɪ · ʏ
e · ø
ɘ · ɵ
ɤ · o
ɛ · œ
ɜ · ɞ
ʌ · ɔ
a · ɶ
ɑ · ɒ
  Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents
a rounded vowel. Vowel length is indicated by appending ː.
IPA – number 301
IPA – text i
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity i
X-SAMPA i
Kirshenbaum i
Close front unrounded vowel.ogg Sound sample (help·info)

The close front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is i, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is i.

The letter used for the close front unrounded vowel is I (For mostly European and Asian languages) with only one exception, in English, the letter used for the same sound is E.

Contents

[edit] Features

  • Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.

[edit] Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz ажьырныҳәа [aʑirnuħʷo] 'January' See Abkhaz phonology
Afrikaans dankie [daŋki] 'thank you'
Albanian mali [mali] 'the mountain'
Arabic Standard[1] دين [d̪iːn] 'religion' See Arabic phonology
Armenian իմ [im] 'my'
Azerbaijani dili [dili] 'tree'
Basque bizar [bis̻ar] 'beard'
Bengali আমি [ami] 'I'
Burmese ? [sə sá bjì] 'I am eating now'
Catalan[2] sis [sis] 'six' See Catalan phonology
Chickasaw lhinko [ɬinko] 'to be fat'
Chinese Cantonese 詩/si1 [siː˥] 'poem' See Standard Cantonese
Mandarin 北京/Běijīng [peɪ˨˩ tɕiŋ˥˥] 'Beijing' See Standard Mandarin
Croatian vino [viːno̞] 'wine'
Czech bílý [ˈbiːliː] 'white' See Czech phonology
Dahalo [ʡáɬi] 'fat'
Danish bilist [b̥iˈlisd] 'car driver' See Danish phonology
Dutch[3] biet [bit] 'beet' See Dutch phonology
English[4] free [fɹiː] 'free' See English phonology
Estonian tiik [tiːk] 'pond'
Faroese il [iːl] 'sole'
Finnish[5] viisi [viːsi] 'five' See Finnish phonology
French[6] fini [fini] 'finished' See French phonology
Georgian[7] სამი [ˈsɑmi] 'three'
German Ziel [tsiːl] 'goal' See German phonology
Greek υγιεινή [iˌʝiiˈni] 'hygiene' Also represented by <οι> and <υι>. See Modern Greek phonology
Guaraní ha’ukuri [haʔukuri] 'Guaraní'
Haida gii [?] '?'
Hawaiian makani [makani] 'breeze' See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew דיר [diʁ] 'pen' (enclosure) Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Hebrew phonology
Hindi तीन [t̪iːn] 'three' See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian[8] ív [iːv] 'arch' See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic líka [liːka] 'also' See Icelandic phonology
Indonesian ini [ini] 'this'
Irish sí [ʃiː] 'she' See Irish phonology
Italian[9] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[10] 銀/gin [ɡiɴ] 'silver' See Japanese phonology
Korean 시장/sijang [ɕiˈd͡ʑaŋ] 'hunger' See Korean phonology
Kurdish zîndu [ziːndu] 'alive'
Macedonian јазик [jazik] 'tongue'
Maltese bieb [biːb] 'door'
Mongolian[11] долоо [xiɾɘ̆] 'dirt'
Navajo biwosh [biɣʷoʃ] 'his cactus'
Norwegian is [iːs] 'ice' See Norwegian phonology
Occitan Northern and Southern miralhar [miraˈʎa] 'to reflect'
Gascon polida [?] 'pretty'
Pashto پانير [pɑˈnir] 'cheese'
Persian کی [kiː] 'who' See Persian phonology
Pirahã baíxi [màíʔì] 'parent'
Polish[12] miś Mis.ogg [ˈmiɕ] (help·info) 'teddy bear' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[13] li [liː] 'I read' See Portuguese phonology
Quechua allin [ˈaʎin] 'good'
Romanian insulă [ˈinsulə] 'island' See Romanian phonology
Russian[14] лист [lʲist] 'list' Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic chì [xiː] 'shall see'
Serbian милина/milina [milina] 'enjoyment'
Seri cmiique [ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ] 'person'
Sindhi سنڌي [sɪndʱiː] 'Sindhi'
Sioux Lakota[15][16] ǧí [ʀí] 'it's brown'
Slovak chlapi [xlapi] 'men'
Spanish[17] tipo [ˈt̪ipo̞] 'type' May also be represented by <y>. See Spanish phonology
Swahili miti [miti] 'trees'
Swedish is sv-is.ogg [iːs] (help·info) 'ice' See Swedish phonology
Tagalog silya [ˈsiljɐ] 'chair'
Tajik бинӣ [biˈniː] 'nose'
Thai[18] กริช [krìt] 'dagger'
Turkish ip [ip] 'rope' See Turkish phonology
Ubykh [ɡʲi] 'heart' Allophone of /ə/ after palatalized consonants. See Ubykh phonology
Udmurt[19] ? [ovorte] 'to inform'
Ukrainian кіт [kit] 'cat' See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese ty [tī] 'bureau' See Vietnamese phonology
Võro kirotas [kʲirotas] 'he writes'
Welsh hir [hiːr] 'long'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[20] diza [d̪iza] 'Zapotec'
Zulu umuzi [uˈmuːzi] 'village'

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Thelwall (1990:38)
  2. ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54)
  3. ^ Gussenhoven (1992:47)
  4. ^ Roach (2004:240)
  5. ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:60, 66)
  6. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  7. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261-262)
  8. ^ Szende (1994:92)
  9. ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
  10. ^ Okada (1991:94)
  11. ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66-67)
  12. ^ Jassem (2003:105)
  13. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  14. ^ Jones & Ward (1969:30)
  15. ^ Rood & Taylor (1996)
  16. ^ Lakota Language Consortium (2004). Lakota letters and sounds.
  17. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256)
  18. ^ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
  19. ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:64, 68)
  20. ^ Merrill (2008:109)

[edit] Bibliography

  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73-76, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45-47, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59-71, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969). The Phonetics of Russian. Cambridge University Press. 
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107-114, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94-96, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 239-245, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Rood, David S; Taylor, Allan R. (2006), "Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I", Handbook of North American Indians 17: 440-482 
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA:Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet 24 (2): 91-94, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24-26, ISSN 0025-1003 
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37-41, ISSN 0025-1003 
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