Coagulopathy

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Coagulopathy
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	D65.-D68.
ICD-9	286
DiseasesDB	29158
MeSH	D001778

Coagulopathy (also called clotting disorder and bleeding disorder) is a defect in the body's mechanism for blood clotting, causing bleeding diathesis.

Contents 1 Causes 1.1 Acquired 1.2 Autoimmune causes of acquired coagulation disorders 1.3 Genetic 2 Symptoms 3 Complications 4 See also 5 References

[edit] Causes

While there are several possible causes, they generally result in excessive bleeding and a lack of clotting.

[edit] Acquired

Acquired causes of coagulopathy include anticoagulation with warfarin, liver failure, Vitamin K deficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Additionally, the haemotoxic venom from certain species of snakes can cause this condition e.g. Bothrops, rattlesnakes and other species of viper. Viral hemorrhagic fevers include dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome

Leukemia may also cause coagulopathy.

[edit] Autoimmune causes of acquired coagulation disorders

There are autoimmune causes of coagulation disorders. They include acquired antibodies to coagulation factors; termed inhibitors of coagulation. The main inhibitor is directed against Factor VIII Another example is antiphospholipid syndrome.

[edit] Genetic

Some people lack genes that typically produce the protein coagulation factors that allow normal clotting. Various types of Hemophilia and von Willebrand disease are the major genetic disorders associated with coagulopathy.

Rare examples are Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and [[Glanzmann's thrombasthenia]

[edit] Symptoms

Symptom	Disorders
Petechiae (red spots)	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, where they may resemble bruises[1] Acute leukemia[2] Chronic leukemia[2] Vitamin K deficiency[3]
Purpura and ecchymoses	Acute leukemia[2] Chronic leukemia[2] Vitamin K deficiency[3]
Blood in stool	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, especially in infancy[1] Acute leukemia[2]
Bleeding gingiva (gums)	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome[1] Acute leukemia[2] Chronic leukemia[2]
Prolonged nose bleeds	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome[1]

[edit] Complications

Following are some complications of coagulopathies, some of them caused by their treatments:

Complication	Disorders
Soft tissue bleeding, e.g. deep-muscle bleeding, leading to swelling, numbness or pain of a limb.	Hemophilia[4] Von Willebrand disease [5]
Joint damage, potentially with severe pain and even destruction of the joint and development of arthritis	Hemophilia[4] Von Willebrand disease [5]
Retinal bleeding	Acute leukemia[2]
Transfusion transmitted infection, from blood transfusions that are given as treatment.	Hemophilia[4]
Adverse reactions to clotting factor treatment.	Hemophilia[4]
Anemia	Von Willebrand disease [5]
Exsanguination (bleeding to death)	Von Willebrand disease [5] Acute leukemia[2] Vitamin K deficiency[3]
Cerebral hemorrhage	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome[1]

[edit] See also

• Coagulation
• Trauma triad of death

[edit] References

v • d • e Pathology: hematology · hematologic diseases of RBCs and megakaryocytes / MEP (D50-69,74, 280-287) Red blood cells ↑ Polycythemia Polycythemia vera ↓ Anemia Nutritional Micro-: Iron deficiency anemia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) Macro-: Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia) Hemolytic (mostly Normo-) Hereditary enzymopathy: G6PD · glycolysis (PK, TI, HK) hemoglobinopathy: Thalassemia (alpha, beta, delta)  · Sickle-cell disease/trait · HPFH membrane: Hereditary spherocytosis (Minkowski-Chauffard syndrome) · Hereditary elliptocytosis (Ovalocytosis) · Hereditary stomatocytosis Acquired Autoimmune (WAHA, CAD, PCH) membrane (PNH) MAHA · TM (HUS) Drug-induced autoimmune · Drug-induced nonautoimmune Hemolytic disease of the newborn Aplastic (mostly Normo-) Hereditary: Fanconi anemia · Diamond-Blackfan anemia Acquired: PRCA · Sideroblastic anemia · Myelophthisic Blood tests MCV (Normocytic, Microcytic, Macrocytic) · MCHC (Normochromic, Hypochromic) Other Methemoglobinemia · Sulfhemoglobinemia · Reticulocytopenia Coagulation/ coagulopathy/ bleeding diathesis ↑ Thrombocytosis Essential thrombocytosis Hypercoagulability primary: Antithrombin III deficiency · Protein C deficiency/Activated protein C resistance/Protein S deficiency/Factor V Leiden · Hyperprothrombinemia acquired: DIC (Congenital afibrinogenemia, Purpura fulminans) · autoimmune (Antiphospholipid) ↓ Thrombocytopenia and purpura Nonthrombocytopenic purpura: Henoch-Schönlein purpura Thrombocytopenic purpura: ITP (Evans syndrome) · TM (TTP) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia · May-Hegglin anomaly Platelet function adhesion (Bernard-Soulier syndrome) · aggregation (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia) · platelet storage pool deficiency (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gray platelet syndrome) Clotting factor Hemophilia (A/VIII, B/IX, C/XI) • Von Willebrand disease • Hypoprothrombinemia/II · XIII myeloid navs: cells/physio, disease of RBCs+megakaryocytes/monocytes+granulocytes/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous ↑ means increased, ↓ means decreased

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