Cocopah language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Cocopah | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kwikapa | ||
| Spoken in | Mexico, USA | |
| Region | Baja California, Arizona, Sonora | |
| Total speakers | 350 (1998) | |
| Language family | Yuman
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | None | |
| ISO 639-2 | – | |
| ISO 639-3 | coc | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Cocopah is a Delta Yuman language of the Yuman-Cochimí language family spoken by the Cocopah. It is still being learned by children.
Contents |
[edit] Sounds
[edit] Consonants
Cocopah has 21 consonants:
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labial | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
| Stop | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | kʷ | ʔ | |
| Fricative | central | s | ʂ | ʃ | x | xʷ | ||
| lateral | ɬʲ | |||||||
| Approximant | central | j | w | |||||
| lateral | l | lʲ | ||||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||||
- /r/ is usually a trill [r] but sometimes is a flap [ɾ].
- /tʃ, ɲ, ʃ/ are postalveolar (palato-alveolar). /lʲ, ɬʲ/ are palatalized alveolar consonants.
- /ɬʲ/ is usually palatalized but unlike /lʲ/ it does not contrast with a non-palatalized [ɬ].
[edit] Vowels
Cocopah has 4 vowels.
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i / iː | u / uː |
| Non-High | e / eː | a / aː |
Cocopah has both short and long vowels.
[edit] Syllable & phonotactics
The Cocopah syllable:
- (C)(C)(C)V(ː)(C)(C)
- Word-initial two-consonant clusters usually consist of a fricative plus another consonant, e.g. /sp, ʂm, ʃp, xt͡ʃ/. Rarer two-consonant clusters start with a lateral or a stop consonant, e.g. /lt͡ʃ, ɬʲt͡ʃ, ps, t͡ʃp/.
- Three-consonant clusters are rare, recorded examples include /pxk, pxkʷ, spx/.
[edit] Grammar
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This section requires expansion. |
[edit] Bibliography
- Crawford, James M. (1970). Cocopa baby talk. International Journal of American linguistics, 36, 9-13.
- Crawford, James M. (1978). More on Cocopa baby talk. International Journal of American linguistics, 44, 17-23.
- Crawford, James M. (1989). Cocopa dictionary. University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 114). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09749-1.
- Crawford, James M. (1983). Cocopa texts. University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 100). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09652-5.
- Crawford, James M. (1998). Classificatory verbs in Cocopa. In L. Hinton & P. Munro (Eds.), American Indian languages: Description and theory (pp. 5-9). Berkeley: University of California.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
- Wares, Alan C. (1968). A comparative study of Yuman consonantism. Janua linguarum, Series practica (No. 57). The Hauge: Mouton.
