Coffee ground vomitus refers to a particular appearance of vomit. Blood contains iron within heme molecules in red blood cells. When this iron has been exposed to gastric acid for some time, it becomes oxidized. This reaction causes the vomitus to look like ground coffee. Coffee-ground vomitus is a classic sign of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. A peptic ulcer, for example, may bleed into the stomach and produce coffee-ground vomitus. When bright red blood is vomited, this is termed hematemesis. Hematemesis, in contrast to coffee ground vomitus, suggests that upper gastrointestinal bleeding is more acute or more severe, or originates more proximally than the stomach: for example, in the esophagus due to a Mallory-Weiss tear. This condition may be a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.[1]
Oxidized blood from an upper gastrointestinal bleed can also be excreted in stool. It produces tarry, blackened stools known as melaena.
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