Companion parrot
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Companion parrot is a general term used for any parrot kept as a pet that interacts abundantly with its human counterpart. Generally, most species of parrot can make good companions.
Most species of parrots have good pet potential. Species of parrots that are kept as companions include large parrots such as Amazons, African Greys, Cockatoos, Eclectus, Hawk-headed Parrots, and Macaws; mid-sized birds such as Caiques, Conures, Quakers, Pionus, Poicephalus, Rose-ringed parakeets, and Rosellas, and many of the smaller types including Brotogeris, Budgies, Cockatiels, Parakeets, Lovebirds, Parrotlets and Lineolated Parakeets.
Some species of lories and lorikeets are kept as pets but are quite messy, and often more popular as aviary birds. Hanging parrots, and Fig parrots are normally kept as aviary birds and not as pets. Some species as Pygmy parrots and Kakapos, Night Parrots, and about half of the species of parrotlet, are not considered companion parrots due to difficult dietary requirements or unavailability.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (also known as CITES) has made the trapping and trade of all wild parrots illegal, because taking parrots from the wild has endangered or reduced some of the rarer or more valuable species. However, many parrot species are still common; some abundant parrot species may still be legally killed as crop pests in their native countries. Endangered parrot species are better suited to conservation breeding programs than as companions.
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[edit] Maintenance
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With the right home parrots have the potential to make excellent, highly interactive pets, prized by their owners, but they are by no means easy, low maintenance pets. Tame companion parrots require daily attention and interaction with their owners, and need to be housed in a cage at least large enough to allow the bird to spread its wings and move about comfortably. Companion parrots also need to be fed a diet that includes fresh vegetables and fruits, and a smaller amount of seeds and grains; dietary requirements vary with species and the activity level of the individual parrot. Other elements essential to a companion parrot's well-being include appropriate toys to chew up and play with; veterinary care; and social time out of the cage whenever possible — preferably on playgyms or other out-of-cage perches. The larger parrots can be expensive to care for, messy, destructive, and loud, and some individuals may exhibit some aggressive behaviors during adolescence. Like dogs, parrots require some amount of basic training to mature into good companions. Their intelligence means parrots learn new behaviors — both good and bad — easily. Many parrots end up having to be re-homed because their owners did not realize the level of care or expense required when they purchased the bird, or did not understand such common behavior problems such as aggression, biting, screaming and destruction.
[edit] Pellets
In more recent years, pellets or kibble have become very popular, especially in the US. They offer an advantage over a seed based diet in that a parrot cannot pick out and eat only its favorite (usually fatty) seeds. However, although these offer an easy alternative to other foods, they are not the best for many species. Many pellets contain articial food dyes and preservatives that may be harmful, and most pellets contain soy, which is not a part of a parrots natural diet. Pellets are also a very boring option for any bird, as the texture and flavour of each pellet is exactly the same. Although pellets may be advertised as a "complete diet", there are dozens of species of parrots commonly kept as pets, all with varying nutritional needs. There are still many birds which develop illnesses such as fatty liver disease or gout, despite being on a pellet based diet. A common mistake made by owners feeding pellets, is over-supplementing them with fresh food. As a pellet is, essentially, a supplemented grain, supplementing them even more "dilutes" the diet, making the pellets less efficient and the diet unbalanced.[1] A pellet based diet is better than an all seed diet, but seed supplemented heavily with fresh fruit and vegetables is the best diet for most pet parrots.
[edit] As pets
Parrots can be very rewarding pets to the right owners, due to their intelligence and desire to interact with people. Many parrots are very affectionate, even cuddly with trusted people, and require a lot of attention from their owners. Some species have a tendency to bond to one or two people, and dislike strangers, unless they are regularly and consistently handled by different people. Properly socialized parrots can be friendly, outgoing and confident companions. Most pet parrots take readily to trick training. Trick training can also help to redirect a bird's energy and prevent or correct many behavior problems. Some owners successfully use well behaved parrots as therapy animals. Some owners have trained their parrots to wear parrot harnesses (most easily accomplished with young birds) so that they can be taken to enjoy themselves outdoors in a relatively safe manner without the risk of flying away. Parrots are prey animals and even the tamest pet may fly off if spooked.
Although parrots can be messy pets -- often throwing food and damaging furniture with their beaks if they can -- most parrots may be potty trained to some extent and are generally odorless; however, certain species of Amazons and Pionus have a distinctive odor most owners find pleasant. Most parrot species, with some notable exceptions, are relatively good pets for most pet allergy sufferers. However, all the species of white cockatoos produce large quantities of feather dust and may be problematic for people with allergies. Cockatiels, rose-breasted cockatoos, and African greys also produce smaller amounts of feather dust.
[edit] Behavior
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Different species (sometimes even different individuals within species) can vary greatly in temperament, noise, and talking ability. For example, Pionus parrots generally have a reserved stance, while at the other end, large cockatoos need at least several hours of attention daily. However, it should be noted that an individual bird's upbringing and genetic inclination plays a major role in determining its disposition, regardless of species.
Many of the larger parrots are unsuitable in an apartment setting due to noise level. Although all parrots will make some noise, species that are generally less noisy include parrotlets, budgies, cockatiels, Pyrrhura conures, Pionus, caiques, African Greys, and usually Poicephalus. Many of the other species of conures can be loud birds. Cockatoos, and many Macaws and Amazon parrots can be very loud, though normally only at certain times of the day. Care should be taken to ensure a parrot does not learn to scream for attention.
Some parrot species such as Greys, Eclectus, Quaker parrots, male budgies, and some species of Amazon parrots, Macaws, and Psittacula are often good talkers, but there is no guarantee that any individual parrot will talk. Some other species are poor talkers, but popular for their affectionate or playful personalities.
Budgies, cockatiels, lovebirds, and parrotlets have been bred in captivity the longest and are popular and readily available in many color mutations; by some definitions they are domesticated. Budgies have been bred as pets for over 150 years, exist in two distinct breeds (American and English), and generally have excellent pet qualities. Although small parrots are usually easier to care for than larger species, they are still intelligent birds that need attention and interaction.
Most parrots can bite quite severely at times, for many different reasons. Their instinct for survival causes them to be very wary and easily startled. Even very tame parrots can bite and harm humans, so it is wise to keep them in a cage around small children they are not familiar with. They can also bite strangers who try to feed them, and the larger parrots such as Hyacinth Macaws can do quite severe damage even when someone tries to feed them through the bars of the parrot cage, so be very careful when someone unknown to your bird wants to feed it. This is also a good reason why having a bird on your shoulder (shouldering) is not recommended. A parrot bite to the face can do severe damage, and destroy the trust between owner and bird. Sometimes these bites are not intentional, for example, if the bird slips from the owners shoulder, it is likely to try and grab the nearest thing to hold on to, which may well be part of the owner's face.
It is also very important for your parrot to have a cage large enough to exercise in. Parrots love to stretch their wings, so ensure you have a cage big enough that your bird can climb and stretch. Without exercise, your bird will tend to become obese and unhealthy.
[edit] Household settings
While many parrot species do well with well-behaved children, and can be good family pets, they are generally not a good child's pet due to their potential lifespan and care required. Parrots require consistent daily care and attention and are also longer lived than most other companion animals. Lifespans range from around 15 years for a budgie or lovebird, to 20–30 years for a cockatiel or small conure, up to 80 to 100 years for Amazons and Macaws -- although a more reasonable lifespan for larger parrots is estimated at 50–60 years. Additionally, a young child could unintentionally injure a small bird such as a budgie; some parrots unaccustomed to children may find the high energy level and noise of a young child threatening and may bite. Households that are suitable for pet parrots are said to be "bird-safe".
[edit] Adoption
There is a small industry in breeding parrots for the pet trade. Breeders may range from small hobby breeders caring for just a pair or two to large breeding farms that may house hundreds of pairs. When chicks are small, breeders may put a specially made closed bird ring (bird band) on one of their legs with identifying characters stamped into the metal. A closed ring would not fit over the foot of a grown parrot, so its presence proves the bird was banded as a young chick. However, some breeders do not band the smaller commonly bred parrots, and some owners may have their bird's band removed after purchase because of the possibility that a band might become caught on a toy or other object and cause injury (removal of a band should be done by a veterinarian or experienced person). Sometimes the larger and more expensive parrots are micro-chipped with a tiny security device, as well as being tagged with a leg ring.
As with other pets, there are good and bad breeders. The best source for a young parrot is from a good breeder or good specialty bird store that takes the time necessary to ensure their chicks are healthy, well socialized with people and raised properly. It is important that hand-reared chicks are fully fledged (have been allowed to learn to fly), can crack nuts and seeds for themselves, and are fully weaned from semisolid hand-rearing food to an appropriate diet before going to a new home. Some breeders will additionally accustom their young parrots to different experiences, such as harness-training, traveling, and handling by a variety of people including children, taking advantage of this impressionable period of development.
Adult parrots that are rehomed by their owners or offered for adoption from a parrot shelter often make excellent pets after they adjust to a new home. Some of these, however, may have been neglected or abused in the past, and may do best with an experienced parrot owner. Most parrot shelters condemn the large-scale breeding of parrots as pets as long as there are adult parrots out there that need a good home. The rehoming of a companion parrot, in most cases, can be avoided by doing enough research before acquiring one and determining whether the potential buyer has a lifestyle that suits the species he/she is considering, and choosing a bird that is most compatible with the human's lifestyle. An owner should also consider potential lifespan when selecting a species, and make appropriate arrangements if the bird is likely to outlive the owner.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Malcolm Green. "Pellets - Yes or No". Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
