Comparison of orbital rocket engines

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This page exposes the full list of orbital rocket engines.

Legend for below table:   [under development] — [retired,canceled] — [operational,inactive]

Engine Origin Manufacturer Vehicle Stage Propellant Specific impulse, vac. (s) Vacuum thrust (N) Mass (kg) Thrust-to-weight ratio Chamber pressure (bar) Status Engine
Vulcain (HM-60)[1]  Europe Aérospatiale Ariane 5 1st LH2/LOX 7002431000000000000431[1] 70061075000000000001,075,000[1] 70031300000000000001,300 700184318000000000084.318 7002102000000000000102 Retired Vulcain (HM-60)
Vulcain 2[2][3]  Europe Aérospatiale Ariane 5 1st LH2/LOX 7002429000000000000429[3] 70061359000000000001,359,000[3] 70031800000000000001,800[2] 700181040000000000081.04?[note 1] 7002117300000000000117.3 Operational Vulcain 2
P230[4]  Europe Aérospatiale Ariane 5 Booster Solid 7002286000000000000286[4] 70066472300000000006,472,300[4] 7005268000000000000268,000 with fuel Operational P230
HM7B[5][6]  Europe Snecma Ariane 5 ECA Upper LH2/LOX 7002446000000000000446[6] 700464800000000000064,800[6] 7002165000000000000165[6] 700140050999990000040.05?[note 2] 700137000000000000037[6] Operational HM7B
RD-180[7]  Russia NPO Energomash Atlas V 1st RP-1/LOX 7002338000000000000338 70064150000000000004,150,000[7] 70035480000000000005,480[7] 700178440000000000078.44 7002266800000000000266.8 Operational RD-180
RD-191  Russia NPO Energomash Angara 1st RP-1/LOX 7002337000000000000337[citation needed] 70062090000000000002,090,000[citation needed] 70032200000000000002,200 700196900000000000096.9?[note 3] 7002263390000099999263.4 Inactive RD-191
NK-33-1 (AJ26-58) - Highest thrust-to-weight ratio of any Earth-launchable rocket engine  Soviet Union Kuznetsov Design Bureau
Aerojet		 Antares
Soyuz-2.1v		 1st RP-1/LOX 7002331000000000000331 70061505000000000001,505,000
[citation needed]		 70031235000000000001,235
[citation needed]		 7002136800000000000136.8 7002145000000000000145 Operational NK-33-1 (AJ26-58)
Gamma 8[8]  UK Bristol Siddeley Black Arrow 1st H2O2/Kerosene 7002265000000000000265[8] 7005234800000000000234,800[8] 7002342000000000000342[8] 700170010000000000070.01[8] 700147400000000000047.40[8] Retired Gamma 8
Gamma 2[9]  UK Bristol Siddeley Black Arrow 2nd H2O2/Kerosene 7002265000000000000265[9] 700468200000000000068,200[9] 7002173000000000000173[9] 700140220000000000040.22[9] Retired Gamma 2
Waxwing[10]  UK Bristol Aerojet Black Arrow Upper Solid 7002278000000000000278[10] 700429400000000000029,400[10] 700187000000000000087[10] Retired Waxwing
Merlin 1C  United States SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon 1e		 1/2 RP-1/LOX 7002304800000000000304.8 7005480000000000000480,000 7002630000000000000630 700196000000000000096 700167700000000000067.7 Operational Merlin 1C
Merlin 1D  United States SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon Heavy		 1/2 RP-1/LOX 7002310000000000000310 7005720000000000000720,000 7002150000000000000150[11] 700197000000000000097 Development Merlin 1D
Raptor  United States SpaceX 1st Methane/LOX Development[12] Raptor
Merlin 2  United States SpaceX Falcon 9
Falcon Heavy		 1st RP-1/LOX 7002322000000000000322 70068540000000000008,540,000[citation needed] 700195000000000000095 Development Merlin 2
RD-171M - Most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine in the world[13]  Russia NPO Energomash Zenit-3SL (Sea Launch)
Zenit-3SLB (Land Launch)		 1st RP-1/LOX 7002337200000000000337.2[13] 70067904000000000007,904,000[13] 70039300000000000009,300[13] 700182000000000000082[citation needed] 7002245000000000000245[citation needed] Operational RD-171M
RD-107A (14Д22)[14]  Russia NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2		 1st RP-1/LOX 7002320200000000000320.2[14] 70061020240000000001,020,240[14] 70031156000000000001,156[14] 700161200000000000061.2 Operational RD-107A (14Д22)
RD-108A (14Д21)  Russia NPO Energomash Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2		 2nd RP-1/LOX 7002320600000000000320.6[14] 7005922140000000000922,140[14] 70031151000000000001,151[14] 700155500000000000055.5 Operational RD-108A (14Д21)
RD-117 (11Д511)[15]  Soviet Union NPO Energomash Soyuz-U 1st RP-1/LOX 7002315800000000000315.8[15] 7005978000000000000978,000[15] 70031250000000000001,250[15] 700153200000000000053.2 Operational RD-117 (11Д511)
RD-118 (11Д512)  Soviet Union NPO Energomash Soyuz-U 2nd RP-1/LOX 7002314500000000000314.5[15] 7005999639000000000999,639[15] 70031155000000000001,155[15] 700158600000000000058.6 Operational RD-118 (11Д512)
LE-5  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
NASDA		 H-I Upper LH2/LOX 7002450000000000000450 7005102900000000000102,900 7002255000000000000255 700136500000000000036.5 Retired LE-5
LE-5A  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
NASDA		 H-II Upper LH2/LOX 7002452000000000000452 7005121500000000000121,500 7002248000000000000248 700139800999990000039.8 Retired LE-5A
LE-5B  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
JAXA		 H-IIA
H-IIB		 Upper LH2/LOX 7002447000000000000447 7005137200000000000137,200 7002285000000000000285 700135800999990000035.8 Operational LE-5B
LE-7  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
NASDA		 H-II 1st LH2/LOX 7002446000000000000446 70061078000000000001,078,000 70031714000000000001,714 700164129000000000064.13 7002127000000000000127 Retired LE-7
LE-7A  Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
JAXA		 H-IIA
H-IIB		 1st LH2/LOX 7002440000000000000440 70061098000000000001,098,000 70031800000000000001,800 700165900000000000065.9 7002120000000000000120 Operational LE-7A
SRB-A  Japan IHI Aerospace
JAXA		 H-IIA
H-IIB		 Booster Solid 7002280000000000000280 (SRB-A)
7002284000000000000284 (SRB-A3 version H-IIA F18)		 70062260000000000002,260,000 (SRB-A)
70062500000000000002,500,000 (SRB-A3 version H-IIA F18)		 700471800000000000071,800 with fuel Operational SRB-A
RS-68 - Most powerful hydrogen-fueled engine in the world  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Delta IV
Delta IV Heavy		 1st LH2/LOX 7002410000000000000410[citation needed] 70063370000000000003,370,000[citation needed] 70036600000000000006,600 700151200000000000051.2 700197000000000000097 Operational RS-68
Atlas V SRB  United States Aerojet Atlas V Booster Solid 7002275000000000000275[citation needed] 70061270000000000001,270,000[citation needed]} 700440824000000000040,824 with fuel Operational Atlas V SRB
F-1 - Most powerful single-chamber liquid-fueled rocket engine ever developed  United States Rocketdyne Saturn V 1st RP-1/LOX 7002263000000000000263 70066770000000000006,770,000 70038391000000000008,391 700182270000000000082.27?[note 4] 700170000000000000070 Retired F-1
RS-25 - SSME  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Space Shuttle 1st LH2/LOX 7002452300000000000452.3 70062279000000000002,279,000 70033526000000000003,526 700165910000000000065.91?[note 5] 7002206400000000000206.4 Inactive since STS-135 RS-25
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster - Largest solid-fuel rocket motor ever flown, and the first to be used for primary propulsion on human spaceflight missions  United States Thiokol Space Shuttle
Ares I		 Booster APCP 7002268000000000000268 700714000000000000014,000,000 7005590000000000000590,000
with fuel		 Inactive since STS-135 Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster
J-2[16]  United States Rocketdyne Saturn V
Saturn IB		 Upper LH2/LOX 7002421000000000000421 70061033100000000001,033,100 70031438000000000001,438 700173180000000000073.18 700130000000000000030 Retired J-2
J-2X[17][18]  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Space Launch System Upper LH2/LOX 7002448000000000000448 70061310000000000001,310,000 70032430000000000002,430[18] 700154970000000000054.97?[note 6] 700130000000000000030 Development J-2X
RL-10B-2[19][20]  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Delta III
Delta IV		 Upper LH2/LOX 7002462000000000000462 7005109890000000000109,890 7002277000000000000277 700141000000000000041 700144000000000000044 Operational RL-10B-2
RL-10A-4-2[20][21]  United States Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne Atlas V Upper LH2/LOX 7002451000000000000451 700499100000000000099,100 7002167000000000000167 700159000000000000059 700139000000000000039 Operational RL-10A-4-2
NSTAR[22][23] - First ever ion engine used as a main engine on an operational science spacecraft  United States Hughes Electron Dynamics
Boeing		 Deep Space 1
Dawn		 Ion thruster Xenon 70033100000000000003,100 @2.3 kW 69989200000000000000.0920 @2.3 kW 70008200099999999998.2 Operational NSTAR
HiPEP - Most powerful inert gas ion thruster ever built  United States NASA Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Ion thruster Xenon 70039620000000000009,620 @39.3 kW 69996700000000000000.670 @39.3 kW Canceled HiPEP
NEXT  United States NASA Ion thruster Xenon 70034100000000000004,100 @6.9 kW 69992360000000000000.236 @6.9 kW Development NEXT
VASIMR  United States Ad Astra Rocket Company Electro-magnetic thruster Argon 70035000000000000005,000 @200 kW 70005000000000000005? @200 kW Development VASIMR
PPS-1350  Russia
 Europe		 OKB Fakel
Snecma		 SMART-1 Hall thruster Xenon 70031650000000000001,650 @1.5 kW 69988800000000000000.088 @1.5 kW 70005300000000000005.3 69971700000000000000.0017?[note 7] Operational PPS-1350
SPT-100  Russia OKB Fakel LS-1300 satellites Hall thruster Xenon 70031500000000000001,500 @1.35 kW 69988300000000000000.083 @1.35 kW 70003500000000000003.5 69972399900000999990.0024?[note 8] Operational SPT-100
Boeing 601HP - First ever ion engine used as a main engine on an operational commercial satellite (PAS-5)  United States Boeing Boeing 601HP satellites Ion thruster Xenon 70032568000000000002,568 @0.5 kW 69981800099999000000.018 @0.5 kW Operational Boeing 601HP
Boeing 702  United States Boeing Boeing 702 satellites Ion thruster Xenon 70033800000000000003,800 @4.5 kW 69991650000000000000.165 @4.5 kW Operational Boeing 702
KVD1 (11Д56У)[24]  Russia KBKhM GSLV Mk I Upper LH2/LOX 7002462000000000000462[24] 700469626000000000069,626[24] 7002282000000000000282[24] 700125170000000000025.17 700155900000000000055.9 Operational KVD1
RD-0120 (11Д122)[25]  Soviet Union KBKhA Energia 1st LH2/LOX 7002455000000000000455[25] 70061962000000000001,962,000[25] 70033450000000000003,450[25] 700157800000000000057.80 7002219000000000000219 Retired RD-0120

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Vulcain". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011. 
  2. ^ a b "Vulcain 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011. 
  3. ^ a b c "VULCAIN 2 : Thrust Chamber". astrium.eads.net. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011. 
  4. ^ a b c "P230". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011. 
  5. ^ "HM7-B". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012. 
  6. ^ a b c d e "PROPULSION SPATIALE : HM7B". astrium.eads.net. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012. 
  7. ^ a b c "RD-180". 
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Gamma 8". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013. 
  9. ^ a b c d e "Gamma 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013. 
  10. ^ a b c d "Black Arrow-3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013. 
  11. ^ "Spacex's Merlin 1D Engine Achieves Full Mission Duration Firing". SpaceX. June 25, 2012. 
  12. ^ Rosenberg, Zach (2012-10-15). "SpaceX aims big with massive new rocket". Flightglobal. Retrieved 2012-10-17. "several times as powerful as the Merlin series, and won't use Merlin's RP-1 fuel" 
  13. ^ a b c d "RD-171M". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "РД-107/108". NPO Energomash. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012. 
  15. ^ a b c d e f g "RD-117". lpre.de. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012. 
  16. ^ "J-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2011. 
  17. ^ "J-2X Engine". Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2011. 
  18. ^ a b "J-2X". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2011. 
  19. ^ "RL-10B-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011.  Text "23 December 2011" ignored (help)
  20. ^ a b "RL-10 - Specifications". Spaceandtech. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011.  Text "23 December 2011" ignored (help)
  21. ^ "RL-10A-4-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011.  Text "23 December 2011" ignored (help)
  22. ^ Sovey, J. S., Rawlin, V. K., and Patterson, M. J. (May-June 2001). "Ion Propulsion Development Projects in U. S.: Space Electric Rocket Test 1 to Deep Space 1.". Journal of Propulsion and Power 17 (3). pp. 517–526. 
  23. ^ "Hughes' Ion Engine Serving as Primary Propulsion to NASA's Deep Space 1". www.boeing.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2011.  Text "24 December 2011" ignored (help)
  24. ^ a b c d "Двигатель КВД1" (in Russian). КБХМ им. A.M. Исаева. 
  25. ^ a b c d "RD0120". KBKhA.  Unknown parameter |http://www.kbkha.ru/?p= ignored (help);

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ \frac{1,340,000\ \mathrm{N}}{(1,686\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=81.04
  2. ^ \frac{64,800\ \mathrm{N}}{(165\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=40.05
  3. ^ \frac{2,090,000\ \mathrm{N}}{(2,200\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=96.9
  4. ^ \frac{6,770,000\ \mathrm{N}}{(8,391\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=82.27
  5. ^ \frac{2,279,000\ \mathrm{N}}{(3,526\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=65.91
  6. ^ \frac{1,310,000\ \mathrm{N}}{(2,430\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=54.97
  7. ^ \frac{0.088\ \mathrm{N}}{(5.3\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=0.0017
  8. ^ \frac{0.083\ \mathrm{N}}{(3.5\ \mathrm{kg})(9.807\ \mathrm{m/s^2})}=0.0024
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