Concordat
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A concordat is an agreement between the Holy See of the Catholic Church and a sovereign state on religious matters. Legally, they are international treaties. They often includes both recognition and privileges for the Catholic Church in a particular country. Privileges might include exemptions from certain legal matters and processes, and issues such as taxation as well as the right of a state to influence the selection of bishops within its territory.[citation needed]
The Council of Constance proclaimed the Concordat to be the regular form of governing relations between the Papacy and foreign kingdoms.[citation needed]
Although for a time after the Second Vatican Council, which ended in 1965, the term 'concordat' was dropped, it reappeared with the Polish Concordat of 1993 and the Portuguese Concordat of 2004. A different model of relations between the Vatican and various states is still evolving (see e.g. Petkoff 2007) in the wake of the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Religious Liberty, Dignitatis Humanae.[citation needed]
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Further information: Treaties of the Holy See, Multilateral Treaties signed by the Holy See and Concordats with individual states of Germany
The following is a sortable list of the concordats and other bilateral agreements concluded by the Holy See.
| Treaty | Contracting party | Date of conclusion | Date of entering into force |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1107 Concordat of London with Henry I of | England | 1 Aug 1107 | |
| 1122 Concordat of Worms between Pope Calixtus II and Henry V of the | Holy Roman Empire | 23 Sep 1122 | |
| Fürsten Konkordat between Pope Eugenius IV and the Princes Electors of the | Holy Roman Empire | Jan 1447 | |
| 1516 Concordat of Bologna between Pope Leo X and King Francis I of | France | Sep 1516 | |
| 1801 Concordat between Pope Pius VII and Napoléon of | France | 1801 | |
| 1817 Concordat between the Holy See and | France | 11 Jun 1817 | |
| 1847 Concordat between the Holy See and | Russia | 3 Aug 1847 | |
| 1851 Concordat[1][unreliable source?] between the Holy See and | Spain | 16 Mar 1851 | 11 May 1851 |
| 1922 Concordat between the Holy See and | Latvia | 30 May 1992 | 3 Nov 1922 |
| 1925 Concordat between the Holy See and | Poland | 10 Feb 1925 | 2 Jul 1925 |
| 1927 Concordat[2][unreliable source?] between the Holy See and | Romania | 10 May 1927 | |
| 1928 Concordat between the Holy See and | Colombia | 5 May 1928 | |
| 1929 Lateran Treaty[3] between the Holy See and | Italy | 11 Feb 1929 | 7 Jun 1929 |
| 1933 Concordat between the Holy See and | Austria | 5 June 1933 | |
| 1933 Reichskonkordat between the Holy See and | Germany | 20 Jul 1933 | |
| 1940 Concordat between the Holy See and | Portugal | 7 May 1940 | |
| 1953 Concordat[4][unreliable source?] between the Holy See and | Spain | 27 Aug 1953 | 27 Oct 1953 |
| 1993 Fundamental Agreement between the Holy See and | Israel | 30 Dec 1993 | 10 Mar 1994 |
| 1993 Concordat between the Holy See and | Poland | 28 Jul 1993 | |
| 1997 Legal Personality Agreement[5] between the Holy See the State of | Israel | 10 Nov 1977 | |
| 2004 Treaty between the Holy See and | Slovakia | 13 May 2004 | 9 Jul 2004[6] |
| 2004 Concordat between the Holy See and | Portugal | 18 May 2004 | |
| 2006 Basic Agreement between the Holy See and | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 19 Apr 2006 | 25 Oct 2007 |
| 2008 Concordat between the Holy See and | Brazil | 13 Nov 2008 | |
| 2009 Concordat between the Holy See and | Schleswig-Holstein | 12 Jan 2009 |
[edit] References
- ^ Concordat of 1851, (English)
- ^ THE HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL BACKGROUND OF THE 1927 CONCORDAT BETWEEN THE VATICAN AND ROMANIA
- ^ For the text of the Lateran Treaty see:Lateran Treaty
- ^ Concordat of 1953, (English)
- ^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Legal Personality Agreement
- ^ Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. Monitoring law and practice in Slovakia by Janka Debreceniova, Zuzana Ocenasova. p. 81
[edit] Bibliography
- Baker, Michael (2010). "Security and the sacred: examining Canada's legal response to the clash of public safety and religious freedom." Touro Law Center: International Law Review, Vol. 13 (1). Available online.
- DiMarco, Erica (2009). "The tides of Vatican influence in Italian reproductive matters: from abortion to assisted reproduction." Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, Vol. 10 (2) Spring. Available online.
- Hosack, Kristen A. (2010). "Napoleon Bonaparte’s Concordat and the French Revolution." Constructing the past, Vol. 11 (1), article 5. Available online
- Hughes, John Jay (1974). "The Reich Concordat 1933: Capitulation or Compromise?" Australian Journal of Politics & History, 20 (2), pp. 164-175.
- Petkoff, Peter (2007). "Legal perspectives and religious perspectives of religious rights under international law in the Vatican Concordats (1963-2004)." Law and Justice: the Christian law review, 158, p. 30- online (payment may be required).
- Plichtová, Jana and Petrjánošová, Magda (2008). "Freedom of religion, institution of conscientious objection and political practice in post-communist Slovakia." Human Affairs, 18 (1), June, pp. 37-51. Available online here.
