Congruence

Congruence (symbol: ≅) is the state achieved by coming together, the state of agreement. The Latin congruō meaning “I meet together, I agree”. As an abstract term, congruence means similarity between objects. Congruence, as opposed to approximation, is a relation which implies a species of equivalence.

Mathematics

• Congruence (geometry), being isometric — roughly, the same size and shape
• Congruence or congruence relation, in abstract algebra, an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure that is compatible with the structure
• In modular arithmetic, having the same remainder when divided by a specified integer
  • Ramanujan's congruences, congruences for the partition function, p(n), first discovered by Ramanujan in 1919
  • Congruence subgroup, a subgroup defined by congruence conditions on the entries of a matrix group with integer entries
  • Congruence of squares, in number theory, a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms
• Congruence (manifolds), in the theory of smooth manifolds, the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold
• Congruence (general relativity), in general relativity, a congruence in a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold that is interpreted physically as a model of space time, or a bundle of world lines
• Zeller's congruence, an algorithm to calculate the day of the week for any date

Psychology

• In Carl Rogers' personality theory, the compliance between ideal self and actual self. See Carl Rogers #Incongruence.
• In psychology and NLP (Neuro-linguistic programming), congruence could be defined as rapport within oneself, or internal and external consistency, perceived by others as sincerity or certainty.
  • for the balance between self, other and context, see works of Virginia Satir
• Mood congruence between feeling or emotion (in psychiatry and psychology)

Job Congruence- The match between a persons abilities an the requirements of a job.

• In workplace psychology, much attention is paid to the ways and degrees to which people align with their jobs and careers. This is referred to as job fit, career congruence, and some other terms that are explained below. One of the interesting facets of this subject is that there are so many ways that a person can be aligned with his or her role at work.

Other

• In cladistics, congruence is a test of homology (biology), or shared, derived character states, in which the distributions of supposed homologies among taxa are compared for consistency

See also

• Congruence bias, a type of cognitive bias, similar to confirmation bias
• Congruence principle (disambiguation)
• Hatch mark, geometric notation for congruent line segments
• ≅ (disambiguation)
• ≡ (disambiguation)
• ≃

References

Job Congruence- The match between a persons abilities an the requirements of a job.

• ^ Schultz & Schultz, Duane (2005). Psychology and work today. New York: Prentice Hall. p. 176. ISBN 0-13-193212-8.