Kosmos-3M
 Drawing of the Kosmos-3M |
|
| Function | Orbital carrier rocket |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Yuzhnoye/NPO Polyot |
| Country of origin | Soviet Union (Russia) |
| Size | |
| Height | 32.4 m (106.2 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.4 m (7.8 ft) |
| Mass | 109,000 kg (240,000 lb) |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO |
1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb) |
| Payload to SSO |
775 kilograms (1,710 lb) |
| Launch history | |
| Status | In service |
| Launch sites | Plesetsk Site 132 & 133/3 Kapustin Yar Site 107 |
| Total launches | 444 |
| Successes | 424 |
| Failures | 20 |
| First flight | 15 May 1967 |
| First Stage - R-14U | |
| Engines | 1 RD-216 |
| Thrust | 1,486 kilonewtons (334,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 291 sec |
| Burn time | 170 seconds |
| Fuel | IRFNA/UDMH |
| Second Stage | |
| Engines | 1 RD-219 |
| Thrust | 883 kilonewtons (199,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 293 sec |
| Burn time | 1620 seconds |
| Fuel | IRFNA/UDMH |
The Kosmos-3M (Russian: Космос-3М meaning "Cosmos", GRAU index 11K65M) is a Russian space launch vehicle. It is a liquid-fueled two-stage rocket, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 successful launches to its name. The Kosmos-3M uses AK27P (red fuming nitric acid) or dinitrogen tetroxide as an oxidizer to lift roughly 1,400 kg (3,100 lb) of payload into orbit. It differed from the earlier Kosmos-3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time. PO Polyot has manufactured these launch vehicles in the Russian town of Omsk for decades. It was originally scheduled to be retired from service in 2011,[1] however in April 2010 the Commander of the Russian Space Forces confirmed that it would be retired by the end of 2010.[2] One rocket remains to be launched.
Contents |
Launches [edit]
First launched in 1967, with over 420 successful launches to date (2009).
| Satellite | Date | Carrier | Site |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aryabhata | 19 April 1975 | Kosmos-3M | Kapustin Yar |
| Science and Technology Satellite STSAT-1 | 27 Sept 2003 | Kosmos-3M | [3] |
| SAR-Lupe-2 | 2 July 2007 | Kosmos-3M | Plesetsk |
| Kosmos-2429 | 11 September 2007 | Kosmos-3M | Plesetsk |
| SAR-Lupe 4 | 27 March 2008 | Kosmos-3M | Plesetsk |
| Orbcomm[4] | On 19 June 2008 | Kosmos-3M | Kapustin Yar |
| SAR-Lupe 5 | 22 July 2008 | Kosmos-3M | Plesetsk |
| Kosmos 2454 (Parus) Sterkh-1 |
21 July 2009 | Kosmos-3M | Plesetsk Site 132/1 |
Accidents [edit]
On June 26, 1973, the explosion of a Kosmos-3M at Plesetsk Cosmodrome killed 9 people.[5] In 1976, the explosion of a Kosmos 3M on its launchpad killed nine engineers.[citation needed] More recently, on November 21, 2000, a Kosmos 3M launcher failed to place the QuickBird 1 satellite into orbit due to a failure of its second stage. The rocket and satellite reentered the atmosphere over Uruguay, and an inquest into the accident was inconclusive.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ "С космодрома Плесецк запущена ракета-носитель с двумя спутниками". Lenta. 2009-07-21. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ "Чтобы виделось лучше". ВЗГЛЯД. 9 April 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "STSAT (Science and Technology Satellite)". GlobalSecurity.org. 04-02-2009. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
- ^ "Russia's Cosmos 3M rocket blasts off with six U.S. satellites". RIA Novosti.
- ^ "It happened today... on June 26th". AvioNews.
External links [edit]
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