Curzon Street railway station

Birmingham Curzon Street
Location
Area	Birmingham
Operations
Original company	London and Birmingham Railway (former)
Post-grouping	London, Midland and Scottish Railway (former)
Platforms	6 (planned for 2016)
History
24 June 1838 (1838-06-24)	Station opens as Birmingham
November 1852	renamed Birmingham Curzon Street
1 July 1854	closed partly
22 May 1893	Final closure
2016	Planned opening as HS2 terminus
Disused railway stations in the United Kingdom
Closed railway stations in Britain A B C D–F G H–J K–L M–O P–R S T–V W–Z

Birmingham Curzon Street railway station (formerly Birmingham station) was a railway station in Birmingham that was used briefly for regular scheduled passenger services between 1838 and 1854 when it acted as the terminus for both the London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway, with lines connecting Birmingham to London and to Manchester and Liverpool respectively. It was then used for excursions until 1893 and goods traffic until 1966 when it closed. More recently, the surviving Grade I listed, entrance building has been used for occasional art events.

In 2010, a new Curzon Street station, partly on the site of the historical station was proposed as the Birmingham terminus for High Speed 2.

History

A 1910 Railway Clearing House map showing railways in the vicinity of Curzon Street (upper centre)

The station was opened in 1838, with the first train from London to Birmingham arriving on 17 September. It was the terminus for both the London and Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway and the companies had adjacent, parallel platforms but did not offer through services. The railway station was inconveniently located on the eastern edge of Birmingham city centre and its use as a passenger station was short-lived following the merging of the two companies into the London and North Western Railway in 1846. A smaller goods station, Lawley Street Goods Station, was located to the east of the station.

On 27 January 1847, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers was established with George Stephenson as its first president in the nearby Queen's Hotel; a plaque commemorating the event is located inside the station building, as the hotel has since been demolished.

The new railway company completed New Street Station half a mile to the west of Curzon Street Station in 1854 which they shared with Midland Railway. Regular passenger services at Curzon Street ceased the same year and the name of the station had been changed from 'Birmingham' to 'Birmingham Curzon Street' in November 1852. Holiday excursions continued until 1893 and it was a goods station until 1966.

The surviving entrance building

The surviving Grade I listed entrance building was designed by Philip Hardwick, constructed in 1838 and is the world's oldest surviving piece of monumental railway architecture. The architecture is Roman inspired, following Hardwick's trip to Italy in 1818–19. It has tall pillars running up the front of the building, made out of a series of huge blocks of stone. The design mirrored the Euston Arch at the London end of the L&BR. As part of the original design, the building was to be flanked by two arches leading into the station, but excavations revealed that these were never built. The interior housed the booking hall, with a large iron balustraded stone staircase, a refreshment room and offices. It is three storeys tall but relatively small.

The building was used by a University of Birmingham student theatre group, the 'Three Bugs Fringe Theatre'.^{[citation needed]} The building was also proposed as a new home for the Royal College of Organists however the proposal foundered in 2005 for lack of funds. A Parcelforce depot to the rear of the station was demolished in May 2006.

The building is unused currently except for the occasional art exhibition. The City Council had hoped to refurbish the building and find an alternative tenant . It was expected to be the centrepiece of the City Park and Masshouse development scheme, which is located around the site (most of the surrounding buildings having been demolished).^{[citation needed]}

However, these plans have now been superseded by the High Speed 2 proposal. The new station would leave the surviving entrance building intact, and could incorporate it.

Planned High Speed 2 terminus

See also: High Speed 2

High Speed Two (initial section)

Legend to Scotland/Manchester 191.5 West Coast Main Line connection to East Midlands/Yorkshire 175.6 Birmingham Curzon Street Delta Junction for New Street/Moor Street 156.6 Birmingham Interchange Birmingham International West Coast Main Line Partly along the old Great Central Main Line In tunnels under parts of the Chiltern Hills Ground level/viaducts in Buckinghamshire 10.3 for Heathrow Airport Great Western Main Line 9.1 Old Oak Common ( possible connection) for Paddington/Crossrail 2.4 to North London Line for CTRL/HS1 connection 1.3 West Coast Main Line 0km London Euston

Proposed station layout

A new station will built partly on the site of the old Curzon Street station is proposed as the Birmingham terminus for the High Speed 2 railway line. It is referred to as Birmingham Fazeley Street in the report produced by High Speed 2 Ltd but, as Birmingham Curzon Street in the government's command paper, setting out official policy on high speed rail.

The station will have six 415-metre (1,362 ft) terminal platforms. Capacity will be needed for services to the north as well as to London.

The new station will be adjacent to Birmingham Moor Street and the two stations could be directly linked. A link to Birmingham New Street via a people mover with a journey time of two minutes is possible.

A design sketch for the station has been submitted by Sir Terry Farrell, architect of Beijing South Railway Station.

It is thought that the new station could make a significant contribution to the regeneration of the area, although the pre-existing plans will have to be revised, including those of Birmingham City University for a new Eastside campus. The Curzon Gate student residence (opened 2008) would have to be demolished. Birmingham City University wants a £30,000,000 refund after high speed rail's plans for the campus were declared.

Preceding station	Future services			Following station
Terminus		TBA High Speed 2		Birmingham Interchange

Gallery

• 

  Rear of station building, across former freight depot (now car park), with Masshouse block M behind

• 

  This is the plaque to the right of the entrance commemorating the first train from London to Birmingham

• 

  An 1838 drawing of Curzon Street station, showing the flanking arches which were never actually built

References

Documents referenced from 'Notes' section

• Department for Transport (2010a) (pdf). High Speed Rail - Command Paper. The Stationery Office. ISBN 9780101782722. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/pi/highspeedrail/commandpaper/pdf/cmdpaper.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-13. 
• High Speed 2 (2010). "High Speed Rail London to the West Midlands and Beyond: A Report to Government by High Speed Two Limited". http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/rail/pi/highspeedrail/hs2ltd/hs2report/. 

Other references for article

Further reading

• Cragg, Roger (1997 (2nd edn)). Civil Engineering Heritage: Wales and West Central England. London: Thomas Telford. pp. 193–4. ISBN 0-7277-2576-9. 
• Foster, Richard (1990). Birmingham New Street – the story of a great station, including Curzon Street, 1: Background and beginnings: the years up to 1860. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 0-906867-78-9. 

External links

• Birmingham.gov.uk
• Lookingatbuildings entry
• Photo and description
• Rail Around Birmingham: Curzon Street railway station
• Organists scrap plans for new HQ – BBC Music Magazine
• Details from listed building database (217433) . Images of England. English Heritage.
• Buildings at Risk Register: Curzon+Street