Cyst
| Cyst | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
 Micrograph of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. H&E stain. |
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| MedlinePlus | 003240 |
| MeSH | D003560 |
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.
Contents |
Types [edit]
- Acne cyst – Pseudocysts associated with cystic acne. Actually an inflammatory nodule with or without an associated epidermoid inclusion cyst.
- Aneurysmal bone cyst - Aggressive lesion with radiographic cystic appearance[1]
- Arachnoid cyst (between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane)
- Baker's cyst or popliteal cyst (behind the knee joint)
- Bartholin's cyst
- Breast cyst
- Buccal bifurcation cyst[2]
- Calcifying odontogenic cyst
- Chalazion cyst (eyelid)
- Chocolate cyst of ovary
- Choroid plexus cyst (brain)
- Colloid cyst
- Cysticercal cyst - the larval stage of Taenia sp. (Crain's backs)
- Dentigerous cyst (associated with the crowns of non-erupted teeth)
- Dermoid cyst (ovaries, testes, many other locations from head to tailbone)
- Epididymal cyst (found in the vessels attached to the testes)
- Ganglion cyst (hand/foot joints and tendons)
- Glandular odontogenic cyst
- Glial cyst (in the brain)
- Gartner's duct cyst (vaginal or vulvar cyst of embryological origin)
- Hydatid cyst (larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm))
- Hydrocele (testicle)
- Keratocyst (in the jaws, these can appear solitary or associated with the Gorlin-Goltz or Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. The latest World Health Organization classification considers Keratocysts as tumors rather than cysts)
- Liver cystic disease
- Meibomian cyst (eyelid)
- Mucoid cyst (ganglion cysts of the digits)
- Mucous cyst of the oral mucosa
- Nabothian cyst (cervix)
- Nasolabial duct cyst
- Odontogenic cyst (teeth)
- Ovarian cyst (ovaries, functional and pathological)
- Pancreatic cyst
- Paradental cyst
- Parapelvic cyst (kidney)[3]
- Paratubal cyst (fallopian tube)
- Periapical cyst - This cyst, also known as radicular cyst, is the most common odontogenic cyst
- Pericardial cyst[4]
- Peritoneal cyst (lining of the abdominal cavity)
- Pilar cyst (cyst of the scalp)
- Pilonidal cyst (skin infection near tailbone)
- Renal cyst (kidneys)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Pineal gland cyst
- Radicular cyst - associated with the roots of non-vital teeth, also known as periapical cyst
- Residual cyst
- Sebaceous cyst - sac below skin
- Spermatocele (testicle)
- Stafne static bone cyst (An anatomic variant with radiographic cystic appearance in the posterior mandible)
- Tarlov cyst (spine)
- Trichilemmal cyst – Same as a pilar cyst. A familial cyst of the scalp.
- Vocal fold cyst
Cystic fibrosis [edit]
Despite being described in 1938 as the microscopic appearance of cysts in the pancreas,[5] cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disorder whose name is related to fibrosis of the cystic duct and does not involve actual cysts.[6]
Cystic neoplasm [edit]
Most cysts in the body are benign (dysfunctional) tumors, the result of plugged ducts or other natural body outlets for secretions. However sometimes these masses are considered neoplasm:
Treatment [edit]
Treatment ranges from simple enucleation of the cyst to curettage to resection. There are cysts, e.g. buccal bifurcation cyst with self-resolation nature, in which close observation only can be employed unless the cyst is infected and symptomatic.[2]
Related structures [edit]
A pseudocyst is collection without a distinct membrane.
A syrinx in the spinal cord or brainstem is sometimes inaccurately referred to as a cyst.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Zadik, Yehuda; Aktaş Alper; Drucker Scott; Nitzan W Dorrit (2012). "Aneurysmal bone cyst of mandibular condyle: A case report and review of the literature". J Craniomaxillofac Surg 40. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2011.10.026. PMID 22118925.
- ^ a b Zadik Y, Yitschaky O, Neuman T, Nitzan DW (May 2011). "On the Self-Resolution Nature of the Buccal Bifurcation Cyst". J Oral Maxillofac Surg 20 (5): e15. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.124. PMID 21571416.
- ^ Parapelvic cyst
- ^ Pericardial cyst
- ^ Anderson, D.H. (1938). "Cyst leiesic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease". Am J Dis Child 56: 344–399.
- ^ Greenholz SK, Krishnadasan B, Marr C, Cannon R (1997). "Biliary obstruction in infants with cystic fibrosis requiring Kasai portoenterostomy". J. Pediatr. Surg. 32 (2): 175–9; discussion 179–80. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90174-3. PMID 9044117.
External links [edit]
- "Cyst Symptoms and Causes" by Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD and William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR.
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