DLX2

Distal-less homeobox 2
PDB rendering based on 2djn.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2djn
Identifiers
Symbols	DLX2; TES-1; TES1
External IDs	OMIM: 126255 MGI: 94902 HomoloGene: 3244 GeneCards: DLX2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • chromatin binding • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • single-stranded RNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • nucleus Biological process • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription, DNA-dependent • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • multicellular organismal development • brain development • proximal/distal pattern formation • hippocampus development • olfactory bulb development • forebrain neuron differentiation • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment • cell differentiation • odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis • embryonic skeletal system development • negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation • branching morphogenesis of a nerve • cartilage development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1746	13392
Ensembl	ENSG00000115844	ENSMUSG00000023391
UniProt	Q07687	Q52KJ2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004405	NM_010054.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004396	NP_034184.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 172.96 – 172.97 Mb	Chr 2: 71.38 – 71.38 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX2 gene.

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2.

Interactions

DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5, MSX1 and Msh homeobox 2.

Further reading

• Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA, et al. (2003). "Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors". Front. Biosci. 8: s1249–65. doi:10.2741/1170. PMID 12957859. 
• Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S, et al. (1995). "Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain". Genes Dev. 9 (20): 2523–38. doi:10.1101/gad.9.20.2523. PMID 7590232. 
• Selski DJ, Thomas NE, Coleman PD, Rogers KE (1993). "The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue". Gene 132 (2): 301–3. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-L. PMID 7901126. 
• Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, et al. (1994). "Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2250–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250. PMC 43348. PMID 7907794. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=43348. 
• McGuinness T, Porteus MH, Smiga S, et al. (1996). "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus". Genomics 35 (3): 473–85. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0387. PMID 8812481. 
• Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, et al. (1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2920–32. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=232144. 
• Yu G, Zerucha T, Ekker M, Rubenstein JL (2002). "Evidence that GRIP, a PDZ-domain protein which is expressed in the embryonic forebrain, co-activates transcription with DLX homeodomain proteins". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 130 (2): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00239-5. PMID 11675124. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Espinoza HM, Ganga M, Vadlamudi U, et al. (2005). "Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein". Biochemistry 44 (10): 3942–54. doi:10.1021/bi048362x. PMID 15751970.