DNA codon table
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The genetic code is traditionally represented as a RNA codon table due to the biochemical nature of the protein translation process. However, with the rise of computational biology and genomics, proteins have become increasingly studied at a genomic level. As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a DNA codon table has become more popular. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5' → 3' direction.
| nonpolar | polar | basic | acidic | (stop codon) |
| 1st base |
2nd base | 3rd base |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | A | G | ||||||
| T | TTT | (Phe/F) Phenylalanine | TCT | (Ser/S) Serine | TAT | (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine | TGT | (Cys/C) Cysteine | T |
| TTC | TCC | TAC | TGC | C | |||||
| TTA | (Leu/L) Leucine | TCA | TAA | Stop (Ochre) | TGA | Stop (Opal) | A | ||
| TTG | TCG | TAG | Stop (Amber) | TGG | (Trp/W) Tryptophan | G | |||
| C | CTT | CCT | (Pro/P) Proline | CAT | (His/H) Histidine | CGT | (Arg/R) Arginine | T | |
| CTC | CCC | CAC | CGC | C | |||||
| CTA | CCA | CAA | (Gln/Q) Glutamine | CGA | A | ||||
| CTG | CCG | CAG | CGG | G | |||||
| A | ATT | (Ile/I) Isoleucine | ACT | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAT | (Asn/N) Asparagine | AGT | (Ser/S) Serine | T |
| ATC | ACC | AAC | AGC | C | |||||
| ATA | ACA | AAA | (Lys/K) Lysine | AGA | (Arg/R) Arginine | A | |||
| ATG[A] | (Met/M) Methionine | ACG | AAG | AGG | G | ||||
| G | GTT | (Val/V) Valine | GCT | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAT | (Asp/D) Aspartic acid | GGT | (Gly/G) Glycine | T |
| GTC | GCC | GAC | GGC | C | |||||
| GTA | GCA | GAA | (Glu/E) Glutamic acid | GGA | A | ||||
| GTG | GCG | GAG | GGG | G | |||||
- A The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in an mRNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins.[1]
| Amino acid | Codons | Compressed | Amino acid | Codons | Compressed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ala/A | GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG | GCN | Leu/L | TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG | YTR, CTN | |
| Arg/R | CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG | CGN, MGR | Lys/K | AAA, AAG | AAR | |
| Asn/N | AAT, AAC | AAY | Met/M | ATG | ||
| Asp/D | GAT, GAC | GAY | Phe/F | TTT, TTC | TTY | |
| Cys/C | TGT, TGC | TGY | Pro/P | CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG | CCN | |
| Gln/Q | CAA, CAG | CAR | Ser/S | TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC | TCN, AGY | |
| Glu/E | GAA, GAG | GAR | Thr/T | ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG | ACN | |
| Gly/G | GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG | GGN | Trp/W | TGG | ||
| His/H | CAT, CAC | CAY | Tyr/Y | TAT, TAC | TAY | |
| Ile/I | ATT, ATC, ATA | ATH | Val/V | GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG | GTN | |
| START | ATG | STOP | TAA, TGA, TAG | TAR, TRA | ||
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Nakamoto T (March 2009). "Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis". Gene 432 (1–2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001. PMID 19056476.
