Dahabeah

A dahabeah, also spelled dahabeeyah, dahabiah, dahabiya, dahabiyah and dhahabiyya, as well as dahabiyeh and dahabieh (Arabic ذهبىة /ðahabīya/), is a passenger boat used on the River Nile in Egypt. The term is normally used to describe a shallow-bottomed, barge-like vessel with two or more sails. The vessels have been around in one form or another for thousands of years, with similar craft being depicted on the walls of the tombs of Egyptian Pharaohs. Indeed, the name derives from the Arabic word for "gold", owing to similar, gilded state barges used by the Muslim rulers of Egypt in the Middle Ages.

History

Until the 1870's the Dahabiya was the standard was for tourists to travel up and down the river Nile. According to Donald Reid, in 1858 “a forty-day round trip from Cairo to Luxor cost about £110; a fifty-day trip to Aswan and back, about £150”. However when Thomas Cook Ltd introduced the steam boat on to the river and brought with them the organisational know how to turn a three month voyage in to a 28 day sight-seeing tour. By 1900, as train had started to complete with the steam boat, dahabiyas were reserved only for the most wealthy, leisured travelers.

Dahabeah on the Nile, 1891

This is also the time that saw great change in how dahabiyas were used and viewed. Sir John Gardner Wilkinson's 1847 book "Hand-book for travelers in Egypt" goes in to great detail on how to hire a dahabiya. A travel wishing to travel the Nile would not only have to hire the boat for the duration but provision it, de-bug and de-rat it, oversee the boatmen and even have it re-painted. However by 1897 tour companies had made the journey much more civil, Thomas Cook promised, "Dragomans and other necessary servants and food supplies are carefully selected and provided".

Dahabeya is also the name of a specific vessel.

Etymology

ذهبىة /ðahabīya/ is the feminine of ذهبى /ðahabī/ "golden", from ذهب /ðahab/ "gold". In Arabic the feminine suffix -a can indicate the singulative of inanimates, changing the meaning from "golden" to "a single golden thing". Thus the meaning of ذهبىة is something like "a golden one".

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.