Deal or No Deal
Deal or No Deal is the name of several closely related television game shows, the first of which (launching the format) was the Dutch Miljoenenjacht (Hunt For Millions) produced by Dutch producer Endemol. It is played with up to 26 cases (or in some versions, boxes) with certain sums of money. The player chooses a case or a box to knock an amount of money off the board.
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[edit] Gameplay
The game revolves around the opening of a set of numbered briefcases, each of which contains a different prize (cash or otherwise). The contents (i.e., the values) of all of the cases are known at the start of the game, but the specific location of any prize is unknown. The contestant claims (or is assigned) a case to begin the game. The case's value is not revealed until the conclusion of the game.
The contestant then begins choosing cases to be removed from play. The amount inside each choice is immediately revealed; by process of elimination, the amount revealed cannot be inside the case the contestant initially claimed (or was assigned). Throughout the game, after a predetermined number of cases have been opened, the banker offers the contestant an amount of money and/or prizes to quit the game, the offer based roughly on the amounts remaining in play and the contestant's demeanor. The player then answers the titular question, choosing:
- "Deal", accepting the offer presented and ending the game, or
- "No Deal", rejecting the offer and continuing the game.
This process of removing cases and receiving offers continues, until either the player accepts an offer to 'deal', or all offers have been rejected and the values of all unselected cases are revealed. Should a player end the game by taking a deal, a pseudo-game is continued from that point to see how much the player could have won by remaining in the game. Depending on subsequent choices and offers, it is determined whether or not the contestant made a "good deal", i.e. won more than if the game were allowed to continue.
Since the range of possible values is known at the start of each game, how much the banker offers at any given point changes based on what values have been eliminated. To promote suspense and lengthen games, the banker's offer is usually less than the expected value dictated by probability theory, particularly early in the game.[1] Generally, the offers early in the game are very low relative to the values still in play, but near the end of the game approach (or even exceed) the average of the remaining values.
Only a few people have ever won the top prize on any version of the show (see table below). For a contestant to win the top prize the player would have to select the case containing the top prize and reject every offer the banker makes during the game. The chances of a player selecting the top prize are reasonable (4–5% depending on how many amounts are in the game).
[edit] Deal or No Deal around the world
5,000,000
Véronique Landry is the only model to appear on more than one version of the show, on both the French and English Canadian versions.[citation needed] Howie Mandel, Héctor Sandarti, and Linda de Mol each have hosted multiple versions of the show: Mandel, with the American English and Canadian English versions, Sandarti with both the American Spanish and Mexican Spanish versions, and de Mol with both the Netherlands Dutch and German (in 2004) versions of the show. In the UK version Deal or no Deal helped relaunch Noel Edmonds' career.
[edit] Top prize winners
All amounts below the prizes are their equivalents in United States dollars at the time of their win.
| Country | Name(s) | Date | Amount won | Previous offer | Other amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan |
(Unknown) | Prior to January 9, 2011 | Af. 1,000,000 ($23,240) |
Box Swap | Af. 2,500 ($58.10) |
[2] First top prize winner in Afghan history |
 Australia |
Dean Cartechini | June 17, 2004 | A$A200,000 ($137,384) |
A$102,500 ($70,409) |
A$5 ($3.43) |
|
| Anh Do (celebrity) | September 19, 2007 | A$200,000 ($167,238) |
A$125,000 ($104,524) |
A$75,000 ($62,714) |
||
| Leanne Benbow | June 2, 2010 | A$200,000 ($166,630) |
A$115,000 ($95,812) |
A$100,000 ($83,315) |
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| Chris Doyle | August 23, 2011 | A$200,000 ($208,014) |
A$130,000 ($135,209) |
A$100,000 ($104,007) |
||
 Belize |
Alisha Arnold | February 10, 2009 | BZ$10,000 ($5,077) |
(Unknown) | (Unknown) | [3] |
 Brazil |
Paulo | April 2007 | R$1,000,000 (approx. $490,000) |
R$444,000 (approx. $218,000) |
R$100 (approx. $49) |
|
 Bulgaria |
Veneta Raykova (celebrity) | February 2006 | 75,000 BGN (approx. $46,000) |
(unknown) | (unknown) | |
 Cambodia |
(Unknown) | February 2009 | 10,000,000 KHR ($2,410) |
(unknown) | (unknown) | [4] |
| (Unknown) | February 2009 | 10,000,000 KHR | (unknown) | 750,000 KHR ($181) |
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 Chile |
Mauricio Hermosilla | May 4, 2007 | CL$10,000,000 ($19,050) |
CL$6,500,000 ($12,383) |
CL$5,000,000 ($9,525) |
|
| Farándula | August 29, 2007 | CL$10,000,000 ($19,010) |
Box Swap | CL$50,000 ($95.05) |
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 Egypt |
Amal Mohammad | Prior to November 16, 2009 | EGP250,000 ($45,825) |
(unknown) | EGP0.50 ($0.09) |
|
| Sameh | Prior to April 15, 2010 | EGP250,000 ($45,323) |
(unknown) | EGP0.50 ($0.09) |
||
| Marwa Ali | Prior to September 3, 2010 | EGP500,000 ($87,660) |
Box Swap | EGP250 ($43.83) |
[5] | |
 France |
Sabrina | November 29, 2005 | €500,000 ($590,030) |
€350,000 ($413,021) |
€75,000 ($88,505) |
The banker also offered €200,000 and €300,000; it is rare for a contestant to have more than one offer after a single round |
| Marie-Ange Franceschi | January 23, 2009 | €500,000 ($650,280) |
€210,000 ($273,118) |
€$100,000 ($130,056) |
[6] | |
 Georgia |
Rezo and Archil Arveladze (celebrities) | February 3, 2009 | 50,000 lari ($30,018) |
25,000 lari ($15,009) |
50 lari ($30.02) |
|
 Greece |
Gogo Kastranta | November 10, 2006 | €200,000 ($256,702) |
€80,000 ($102,681) |
€1,000 ($1,284) |
[7] Received €100,000, another half was received by a text winner |
 Hungary |
Árpinak | April 26, 2010 | 21,000,000 Ft ($106,680) |
15,000,000 Ft ($76,200) |
13,000,000 Ft ($66,040) |
|
 Italy |
Clarissa Meneghini | December 19, 2007 | €500,000 ($719,525) |
€170,000 ($244,639) |
€30,000 ($43,172) |
|
| Danilo Anderlini | September 17, 2008 | €500,000 ($714,575) |
€170,000 ($242,956) |
€30,000 ($42,875) |
[8] | |
| Francesca Cataldo | October 22, 2008 | €500,000 ($666,895) |
€185,000 ($230,408) |
€30,000 ($40,014) |
[9] | |
| Roberto Caterina | November 23, 2008 | €500,000 ($629,450) |
€375,000 ($472,088) |
€250,000 ($314,725) |
[10] | |
| Mara Ancelotti | January 1, 2009 | €500,000 ($707,045) |
€375,000 ($530,284) |
€250,000 ($353,523) |
[11] | |
| Stefania Menegazzo | February 23, 2010 | €500,000 ($680,020) |
€104,000 ($141,444) |
Maghetto | [12] | |
 Malta |
Maria (Doris) Abela | October 17, 2008 | €25,000 ($33,601) |
€19,500 ($26,209) |
€15,000 ($20,160) |
|
 Mexico |
Elena | June 11, 2005 | Mex$5,000,000 ($460,050) (Saturday) |
(unknown) | (unknown) | |
| Luis | December 6, 2005 | Mex$1,000,000 ($95,360) (weekday) |
(unknown) | (unknown) | ||
| Laura | March 2, 2006 | Mex$1,000,000 ($95,580) (weekday) |
Mex$700,000 ($66,906) |
Mex$400,000 ($38,232) |
||
| Paty | June 3, 2006 | Mex$1,000,000 ($88,130) (weekday) |
Mex$550,000 ($48,472) |
Mex$100,000 ($8,813) |
||
 Malaysia (English) |
Timothy Shim | March 2, 2008 | RM100,000 ($31,307) |
RM 50,800 ($15,904) |
RM 250 ($78.27) |
|
 Netherlands |
Arno Woesthoff[note 1] | September 2, 2001 | Fl10,000,000 ($4,142,220) |
(none) | (none) | Biggest winner in worldwide game show history |
| Eelco Schumacher | April 2, 2009 | €250,000 ($331,468) |
€170,000 ($225,398) |
€125,000 ($165,734) |
||
 Philippines |
Terry Lim Cua | December 29, 2006 | P2,000,000 ($40,740) |
P1,400,000 ($28,518) |
P1,000,000 ($20,370) |
|
| Aiko Melendez and Candy Pangilinan (celebrities) | November 25, 2008 | P1,000,000 ($20,220) |
P345,001 ($6,976) |
P10 ($0.20) |
Christmas Edition (5 P1,000,000 cases) | |
| Jhaphet Flordeliza | December 1, 2008 | P1,000,000 ($20,400) |
P150,000 ($3,060) |
P50 ($1.02) |
||
| Arnel Pineda (celebrity) | December 11, 2008 | P1,000,000 ($20,570) |
P249,999 ($5,142) |
P200 ($4.11) |
||
 Serbia |
Vidoje | October 19, 2007 | RSD1,500,000 ($24,475) |
RSD615,000 ($10,035) |
RSD500,000 ($8,158) |
|
 South Korea |
Lee Chang-geun | June 23, 2007 | ₩100,000,000 ($107,750) |
₩45,000,000 ($48,488) |
₩30,000,000 ($32,325) |
[13] |
 Spain |
Gilbert | June 19, 2007 | €600,000 ($804,018) |
€240,000 ($321,607) |
€1,500 ($2,010) |
Received €300,000, another half was received by a text winner |
| María del Carmen Bonilla | July 25, 2011 | €300,000 ($431,622) |
€29,999 ($43,161) |
€20 ($28.77) |
[14] | |
 Tunisia |
Mohamed Mabrouk | March 22, 2006 | TND300,000 ($221,706) |
(unknown) | (unknown) | Each winner shared the prize with an SMS participant |
| Mohamed Bashir Menchari | November 13, 2006 | TND500,000 ($379,765) |
(unknown) | (unknown) | ||
| (Unknown) | September 13, 2007 | TND1,000,000 ($792,390) |
(unknown) | TND500,000 ($396,195) |
||
 Turkey |
Ülkühan Yılmaz | October 24, 2009 | 500,000TL ($339,790) |
128,000TL ($86,986) |
20,000TL ($13,591) |
|
 United Kingdom |
Laura Pearce | January 7, 2007 | £250,000 ($482,625) |
£45,000 ($86,873) |
£3,000 ($5,792) |
|
| Alice Munday | March 12, 2009 | £250,000 ($344,678) |
Banker's Gamble | 1p ($0.01) |
Alice initially dealt at £17,500 but was dealt the Banker's Gamble when the 1p and £250,000 were remaining. She accepted the gamble going back into live play, she was then offered the swap, she declined and won £250,000. | |
| Suzanne Mulholland | May 13, 2011 | £250,000 ($407,055) |
£165,000 ($268,656) |
£100,000 ($162,822) |
Suzanne also won an additional prize of a 2 week holiday in Florida as part of "Banker's Birthday" special. Swapped box after final offer. | |
| Tegen Roberts | September 22, 2011[note 2] | £250,000 ($387,735) |
£77,000 ($119,422) |
£20,000 ($31,019) |
Tegen had the strongest board ever after round 3 to the end of the show, a staggering £560,250.60 was still in play after 10 boxes had been opened. She also had the distinction of having the 7th Biggest No Deal of £77,000. | |
 United States (primetime version) |
Jessica Robinson | September 1, 2008 | $1,000,000 | $561,000 | $200,000 | Million Dollar Mission game (5 $1,000,000 cases) |
| Tomorrow Rodriguez | October 29, 2008 | $1,000,000 | $677,000 | $300 and 2x $1,000,000 | Million Dollar Mission game (9 $1,000,000 cases) |
- ^ Arno Woesthoff was on Miljoenenjacht when the bonus round consisted of seven questions that could add up to 10,000,000 guilders instead of the case game, which is why there were no other amounts.
- ^ Most recent top prize winner in the Deal or No Deal franchise to date
At the other end of the spectrum, in the UK edition broadcast on 7 December 2009, a contestant named Corinne opened her box to reveal (and thus win) 1p, having turned down first an offer of £88,000 and then an offer to swap boxes, which would have given her the top £250,000 prize. A similar event occurred on the US version on August 25, 2008, where contestant Koshka Blackburn won $5,000 which was in her case after turning down the banker's offer of $530,000 and then the option to switch cases, which would've made her the first $1,000,000 winner. Also in the US on September 22, 2006, Michelle Falco kept in $750,000 and $1,000,000 in play all the way to the end, she turned down the biggest offer of $880,000 and refused to switch her case, in her case was $750,000. She also would have been the first $1,000,000 winner had she switched cases.
[edit] Basis and antecedents
The game show has attracted attention from mathematicians, statisticians, and economists as a natural decision-making experiment. In 2008 a team of economists analyzed the decisions of people appearing in Dutch, German and US episodes and found, among other things, that contestants are less risk-averse or even risk-seeking when they saw their expected winnings drop.[15] They went so far as to say that the show, “almost appears to be an economics experiment rather than a TV show.”[16] They found that contestants behave similarly in different versions of the show, despite large differences in the amounts at stake; amounts appear to be evaluated in relative terms, for example in proportion to the initial average, and not in terms of their absolute monetary value.[17] The research received a great deal of media attention, appearing on the front page of The Wall Street Journal[18] and being featured on National Public Radio.[19]
Despite its air of originality and huge international success—there are more than 60 versions worldwide—there have been, in fact, numerous antecedents to the current run of shows. The first was the It's in the Bag, a New Zealand radio game show invented by Selwyn Toogood which began in the 1950s and which ran for decades after it was later adapted for television (1970s–90s). The show popularized the catch-phrases, "By hokey," and "What will it be, customers--the money or the bag?" in New Zealand. Similarly, in the 1950s, the UK TV show Take Your Pick offered contestants the choice of taking a money offer or risking opening a box. Later, in the 1980s, The Bong Game, a radio call-in show created by UK’s Capital FM, tested contestants by offering them increasing returns in tandem with increasing risk.
Another long-running game show, Let's Make a Deal, involved contestants deciding whether or not take offers based on what may or may not be behind a curtain/door or inside a box. Let's Make a Deal ran in the US for nearly three decades from 1963 to 1991, during which time Monty Hall was the program's "Big Dealer," and has recently been revived with Wayne Brady as the Big Dealer. Also in the US, in the 1970s and 1980s, was a game show called Treasure Hunt, hosted by Geoff Edwards and produced by Chuck Barris's company, which featured a similar concept to Deal or No Deal. The show featured contestants selecting a treasure chest or box with surprises inside in the hope of winning large prizes or a cash jackpot. Both game shows, however, also featured worthless or nearly-worthless joke prizes, which Let's Make a Deal called "zonks" and which Treasure Hunt called "klunks." Deal or No Deal does not feature such joke prizes. Finally, from 1997 to 2003, Win Ben Stein's Money pitted contestants against an in-house adversary.
[edit] Video games
- Innovative Concepts in Entertainment developed and currently sells an arcade redemption adaptation of the show, replacing prize money with redemption tickets.[20]
- The U.K. version of Deal or No Deal was converted into a mobile game by Gameloft and featured the same rules and format as the TV show. The game was so well-received that versions of it were developed for other countries as well.[21] Its international success landed it on the top-sellers list.[22]
- Almost all major formats of the game were converted into games for various gaming consoles, the PC, Macromedia Flash, and even a dedicated handheld made in China.
[edit] See also
- For articles for each of the national editions of the show, see Deal or No Deal (disambiguation)
- Game Theory Analysis of Deal Or No Deal
- List of television show franchises
[edit] References
- ^ Formula for offers in the NBC online version of Deal or No Deal from the personal website of a former physics and finance student
- ^ Video on YouTube
- ^ Tek It or Leave It’s youngest player wins biggest prize, February 10, 2009
- ^ Heng Piseth: Deal or No Deal becomes a famous TV show in Cambodia, March 19, 2009
- ^ Video on YouTube
- ^ (French)A prendre ou à laisser : les 15/24 ans adorent les boites de TF1, January 26, 2009
- ^ (Greek)Η ΧΡΥΣΗ ΝΙΚΗΤΡΙΑ ΤΟΥ DEAL, ΓΩΓΩ ΚΑΣΤΡΑΝΤΑ, ΤΙΝΑΞΕ ΤΗΝ ΜΠΑΝΚΑ ΤΟΥ DEAL, ΚΕΡΔΙΖΟΝΤΑΣ 200.000€, November 10, 2006
- ^ (Italian)Affari Tuoi: Danilo Anderlini torna a Spoleto con 500mila euro, September 17, 2008
- ^ (Italian)Una luinese ad "Affari tuoi" si porta a casa il pacco più pesante, October 23, 2008
- ^ (Italian)Il Molise torna a sbancare "Affari tuoi" A Montagano 500 mila euro, November 23, 2008
- ^ (Italian)Inizio anno con il botto per Affari Tuoi: concorrente vince 500mila euro, January 2, 2009
- ^ (Italian)Giovane mamma di Campoformido vince 500 mila euro ad “Affari tuoi”, February 23, 2010
- ^ (Korean)머니게임쇼서 ‘1억원 사나이'된 연출가, June 20, 2007
- ^ (Spanish)¡Mari se lleva 300.000 euros!, July 25, 2011
- ^ Post, Van den Assem, Baltussen, and Thaler (March 2008). "Deal or No Deal? Decision Making Under Risk in a Large-payoff Game Show". American Economic Review 98 (1). SSRN 636508.
- ^ Quoted in William Poundstone, Priceless, Hill and Wang, 2010, p. 130
- ^ Baltussen, Post, and Van den Assem (December 2007). Risky Choice and the Relative Size of Stakes. SSRN 989242.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal, January 12, 2006.
- ^ Economists Learn from Game Show 'Deal or No Deal' from the NPR website. March 3, 2006
- ^ ICE games
- ^ "Top 50 Mobile Game Downloads in the UK". 2007-1-27. Mobicritic.com. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
- ^ "Non-Stop International Success for Gameloft's 'Deal or No Deal'. 2008-4-07. FindLaw.com. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
[edit] External links
- Officially licensed game of Deal or No Deal (UK Version)
- NBC game
- Official United Kingdom Deal Or No Deal website
- Official Quebec Le Banquier (Deal or No Deal) website
- Official German Deal Or No Deal website
- Official U.S. Deal or No Deal version website
- Deal or no Deal game (UK) fansite
- Deal or No Deal blog UK
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