December 8

December 8 is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 23 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1432 – The first battle between the forces of Švitrigaila and Sigismund Kęstutaitis is fought near the town of Oszmiana (Ashmyany), launching the most active phase of the Lithuanian Civil War.
• 1660 – A woman (either Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) appears on an English public stage for the first time, in the role of Desdemona in a production of Shakespeare's play Othello.
• 1854 – In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was conceived free of original sin.
• 1907 – King Gustaf V of Sweden accedes to the Swedish throne.
• 1912 – Leaders of the German Empire hold an Imperial War Council to discuss the possibility that war might break out.
• 1914 – A squadron of Britain's Royal Navy defeats an inferior squadron of the Imperial German High Seas Fleet in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
• 1927 – The Brookings Institution, one of the United States' oldest think tanks, is founded through the merger of three organizations that had been created by philanthropist Robert S. Brookings.
• 1941 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares December 7 to be "a date which will live in infamy", after which the U.S. and the Republic of China declare war against Japan.
• 1941 – Japanese forces simultaneously invade Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the Dutch East Indies. These happen concurrently with the Attack on Pearl Harbor, which was on December 7 in the United States.
• 1949 – United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East is established to provide aid to Palestinian refugees who left their homes during the 1948 Palestinian exodus.
• 1953 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his "Atoms for Peace" speech, and the U.S. launches its "Atoms for Peace" program that supplied equipment and information to schools, hospitals, and research institutions around the world.
• 1962 – Workers at four New York City newspapers (this later increases to nine) go on strike for 114 days.
• 1963 – Pan Am Flight 214, a Boeing 707, is struck by lightning and crashes near Elkton, Maryland, United States, killing all 81 people on board.
• 1966 – The Greek ship SS Heraklion sinks in a storm in the Aegean Sea, killing over 200.
• 1971 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Navy launches an attack on West Pakistan's port city of Karachi.
• 1972 – United Airlines Flight 553 crashes after aborting its landing attempt at Chicago Midway International Airport, killing 45.
• 1974 – A plebiscite results in the abolition of monarchy in Greece.
• 1980 – John Lennon is murdered by Mark David Chapman, a mentally unstable fan, in front of The Dakota.
• 1982 – In Suriname, several opponents of the military government are killed.
• 1987 – The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed.
• 1987 – Frank Vitkovic shoots and kills eight people at the Australia Post building in Melbourne, before jumping to his death.
• 1987 – The Alianza Lima air disaster occurs.
• 1987 – An Israeli army tank transporter kills four Palestinian refugees and injures seven others during a traffic accident at the Erez Crossing on the Israel–Gaza Strip border, sparking the First Intifada.
• 1988 – A United States Air Force A-10 Thunderbolt II crashes into an apartment complex in Remscheid, Germany, killing 5 people and injuring 50 others.
• 1991 – The leaders of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine sign an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.
• 1991 – The Romanian Constitution is adopted in a referendum.
• 1993 – The North American Free Trade Agreement is signed into law by US President Bill Clinton.
• 1998 – Eighty-one people are killed by armed groups in Algeria.
• 2004 – The Cuzco Declaration is signed in Cuzco, Peru, establishing the South American Community of Nations.
• 2007 – Benazir Bhutto, first and only female former Prime Minister of Pakistan, had her PPP Office stormed by unidentified gunmen. Three supporters are killed.
• 2009 – Bombings in Baghdad, Iraq kill 127 and injure 448.
• 2010 – With the second launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 and the first launch of the SpaceX Dragon, SpaceX becomes the first privately held company to successfully launch, orbit and recover a spacecraft.
• 2010 – The Japanese solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS passes the planet Venus at a distance of about 80,800 km.

Births

• 65 BC– Horace, Roman poet (d. 8 BC)
• 1542 – Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1587)
• 1574 – Maria Anna of Bavaria (d. 1616)
• 1626 – Christina, Queen of Sweden (d. 1689)
• 1678 – Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole, English diplomat (d. 1757)
• 1699 – Maria Josepha of Austria (d. 1757)
• 1708 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1765)
• 1724 – Claude Balbastre, French composer and organist (d. 1799)
• 1730 – Jan Ingenhousz, Dutch physician, physiologist, and botanist (d. 1799)
• 1731 – František Xaver Dušek, Czech composer (d. 1799)
• 1756 – Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (d. 1801)
• 1765 – Eli Whitney, American inventor, invented the cotton gin (d. 1825)
• 1795 – Peter Andreas Hansen, Danish astronomer (d. 1874)
• 1815 – Adolph Menzel, German painter and illustrator (d. 1905)
• 1816 – August Belmont, Prussian-American politician (d. 1890)
• 1817 – Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish politician, 10th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1896)
• 1818 – Charles III, Prince of Monaco (d. 1889)
• 1822 – Jakov Ignjatović, Serbian author (d. 1889)
• 1832 – Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Norwegian author and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1910)
• 1860 – Amanda McKittrick Ros, Irish author and poet (d. 1939)
• 1861 – William C. Durant, American businessman, founded General Motors and Chevrolet (d. 1947)
• 1861 – Aristide Maillol, French sculptor and painter (d. 1944)
• 1861 – Georges Méliès, French director (d. 1938)
• 1862 – Georges Feydeau, French playwright (d. 1921)
• 1864 – Camille Claudel, French illustrator and sculptor (d. 1943)
• 1865 – Rüdiger von der Goltz, German military commander (d. 1946)
• 1865 – Jacques Hadamard, French mathematician (d. 1963)
• 1865 – Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (d. 1957)
• 1874 – Ernst Moro, Austrian physician (d. 1951)
• 1875 – Frederik Buch, Danish actor (d. 1925)
• 1886 – Diego Rivera, Mexican painter (d. 1957)
• 1890 – Bohuslav Martinů, Czech composer (d. 1959)
• 1894 – E. C. Segar, American cartoonist (d. 1938)
• 1894 – James Thurber, American author and illustrator (d. 1961)
• 1899 – John Qualen, Canadian actor (d. 1987)
• 1900 – Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (d. 1990)
• 1902 – Wifredo Lam, Cuban painter (d. 1982)
• 1908 – John A. Volpe, American politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Transportation (d. 1994)
• 1909 – Lesslie Newbigin, English bishop and theologian (d. 1998)
• 1909 – Gratien Gélinas, Canadian actor, director, and producer (d. 1999)
• 1911 – Nikos Gatsos, Greek poet and songwriter (d. 1992)
• 1913 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
• 1915 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
• 1916 – Richard Fleischer, American director (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Gérard Souzay, French opera singer (d. 2004)
• 1919 – Peter Tali Coleman, American politician, 43rd Governor of American Samoa (d. 1997)
• 1922 – Lucian Freud, English painter (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Jean Ritchie, American singer-songwriter
• 1923 – Rudolph Pariser, Chinese-American chemist
• 1924 – Lionel Gilbert, Australian historian and author
• 1925 – Sammy Davis, Jr., American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1990)
• 1925 – Carmen Martín Gaite, Spanish author (d. 2000)
• 1925 – Jimmy Smith, American organist (d. 2005)
• 1927 – Ferdie Pacheco, American physician
• 1927 – Vladimir Shatalov, Soviet pilot and astronaut
• 1928 – Bill Hewitt, Canadian sportscaster (d. 1996)
• 1928 – Ulric Neisser, German-American psychologist (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Julian Critchley, English politician (d. 2000)
• 1930 – Maximilian Schell, Austrian-Swiss actor and director
• 1931 – Bob Arum, American boxing promoter, founded Top Rank
• 1933 – Flip Wilson, American comedian and actor (d. 1998)
• 1935 – Dharmendra, Indian actor
• 1935 – Tatiana Zatulovskaya, Israeli chess player
• 1936 – David Carradine, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1936 – Michael Hobson, American publisher
• 1937 – James MacArthur, American actor (d. 2010)
• 1937 – Arne Næss, Jr., German-Norwegian mountaineer and businessman (d. 2004)
• 1939 – Red Berenson, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1939 – Jerry Butler, American singer-songwriter (The Impressions)
• 1939 – James Galway, Irish flute player
• 1939 – Dariush Mehrjui, Iranian director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1939 – Soko Richardson, American drummer (Kings of Rhythm and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers) (d. 2004)
• 1940 – Brant Alyea, American baseball player
• 1941 – Ed Brinkman, American baseball player
• 1941 – Bob Brown, American football player
• 1941 – Duke Cunningham, American politician
• 1941 – Bobby Elliott, English drummer (The Hollies)
• 1941 – Geoff Hurst, English footballer
• 1943 – Slick, American wrestling manager
• 1943 – Jim Morrison, American singer-songwriter and poet (The Doors and Rick & the Ravens) (d. 1971)
• 1943 – Bodo Tümmler, German runner
• 1943 – Mary Woronov, American actress
• 1944 – George Baker, Dutch singer-songwriter
• 1944 – Ted Irvine, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1944 – Vince MacLean, Canadian politician
• 1945 – John Banville, Irish author and journalist
• 1946 – John Rubinstein, American actor, composer, and director
• 1946 – Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress
• 1947 – Chava Alberstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1947 – Gregg Allman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Allman Brothers Band and Hour Glass)
• 1947 – Gérard Blanc, French singer and guitarist (d. 2009)
• 1947 – Thomas R. Cech, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1947 – Kati-Claudia Fofonoff, Finnish author
• 1948 – Luis Caffarelli, Argentine-American mathematician
• 1949 – Mary Gordon, American author and academic
• 1949 – Nancy Meyers, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1949 – Ray Shulman, English violinist, guitarist, and producer (Simon Dupree and the Big Sound and Gentle Giant)
• 1949 – Robert Sternberg, American psychologist
• 1950 – Rick Baker, American makeup artist
• 1950 – Tim Foli, American baseball player
• 1950 – Dan Hartman, American singer-songwriter and producer (Edgar Winter Group) (d. 1994)
• 1951 – Bill Bryson, American author
• 1951 – Richard Desmond, English publisher and businessman, founded Northern & Shell
• 1951 – Jan Eggum, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1952 – Khaw Boon Wan, Malaysian-Singaporean politician
• 1953 – Kim Basinger, American actress, singer, and producer
• 1953 – Roy Firestone, American sportscaster and journalist
• 1953 – Norman Finkelstein, American academic, author, and activist
• 1953 – Sam Kinison, American comedian and actor (d. 1992)
• 1954 – Harold Hongju Koh, American lawyer and scholar
• 1954 – Frits Pirard, Dutch cyclist
• 1954 – Gadowar Singh Sahota, Indian wrestler
• 1955 – Milenko Zablaćanski, Serbian actor, director, and scriptwriter (d. 2008)
• 1956 – Warren Cuccurullo, American guitarist (Duran Duran, Missing Persons, TV Mania, and Chicanery)
• 1956 – Andrew Edge English drummer (Thompson Twins Uropa Lula, and Savage Progress)
• 1957 – Phil Collen, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Def Leppard, Girl, Man Raze, Tush, and Dumb Blondes)
• 1958 – Rob Curling, Malaysian-English journalist
• 1958 – Bob Greene, American physiologist
• 1958 – Thongchai McIntyre, Thai singer and actor
• 1959 – Stephen Jefferies, South African cricketer
• 1959 – Mark Steyn, Canadian-American author and critic
• 1960 – Lim Guan Eng, Malaysian politician,4th Chief Minister of the State of Penang
• 1961 – Ann Coulter, American lawyer and author
• 1961 – Mikey Robins, Australian comedian and television host
• 1962 – Berry van Aerle, Dutch footballer
• 1962 – Steve Elkington, Australian golfer
• 1962 – Marty Friedman, American-Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and television host (Megadeth, Cacophony, and Hawaii)
• 1962 – Nikos Karageorgiou, Greek footballer
• 1962 – Wendell Pierce, American actor
• 1963 – Greg Howe, American guitarist, composer, and producer
• 1963 – Toshiaki Kawada, Japanese wrestler
• 1964 – James Blundell, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1964 – Teri Hatcher, American actress
• 1964 – Chigusa Nagayo, Japanese wrestler
• 1964 – Mike Ruiz, Canadian-American model, photographer, and director
• 1965 – David Harewood, English actor
• 1965 – Carina Lau, Hong Kong actress
• 1965 – Theo Maassen, Dutch comedian and actor
• 1966 – Sinéad O'Connor, Irish singer-songwriter
• 1967 – Jeff George, American football player
• 1967 – Andy Kapp, German curler
• 1967 – Kotono Mitsuishi, Japanese voice actress
• 1967 – Darren Sheridan, English footballer and manager
• 1967 – Junkie XL, Dutch musician and producer
• 1968 – Michael Cole, American sportscaster
• 1968 – Mike Mussina, American baseball player
• 1969 – Steve Van Wormer, American actor
• 1970 – Me Phi Me, American rapper
• 1972 – Marco Abreu, Angolan footballer
• 1972 – Édson Ribeiro, Brazilian sprinter
• 1972 – Frank Shamrock, American mixed martial artist
• 1973 – Doron Bell Jr., Canadian actor
• 1973 – Corey Taylor, American singer-songwriter (Slipknot, Stone Sour, and Junk Beer Kidnap Band)
• 1974 – Cristian Castro, Mexican singer
• 1974 – Tony Simmons, American football player
• 1974 – Nick Zinner, American guitarist (Yeah Yeah Yeahs and Head Wound City)
• 1975 – Jerrelle Clark, American wrestler
• 1975 – Kevin Harvick, American race car driver
• 1976 – Brettina, Bahamian-American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1976 – Reed Johnson, American baseball player
• 1976 – Dominic Monaghan, German-English actor
• 1977 – Elsa Benítez, Mexican model and television host
• 1977 – Sébastien Chabal, French rugby player
• 1977 – Ryan Newman, American race car driver
• 1978 – John Oster, Welsh footballer
• 1978 – Frédéric Piquionne, France footballer
• 1978 – Anwar Siraj, Ethiopian footballer
• 1978 – Ian Somerhalder, American actor
• 1978 – Vernon Wells, American baseball player
• 1979 – Daniel Fitzhenry, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1979 – Johan Forssell, Swedish politician
• 1979 – Raymond Lam, Hong Kong actor and singer
• 1979 – Ingrid Michaelson, American singer-songwriter
• 1979 – José Peña, Venezuelan sprinter
• 1979 – Christian Wilhelmsson, Swedish footballer
• 1980 – Lisa Kelly, American truck driver
• 1981 – Jeremy Accardo, American baseball player
• 1981 – Philip Rivers, American football player
• 1982 – Alfredo Aceves, American baseball player
• 1982 – Halil Altıntop, Turkish footballer
• 1982 – Hamit Altıntop, Turkish footballer
• 1982 – Chrisette Michele, American singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Nicki Minaj, Trinidadian-American rapper and actress
• 1982 – Noelle Pikus-Pace, American skeleton racer
• 1982 – Jimmy Rave, American wrestler
• 1982 – DeeDee Trotter, American runner
• 1983 – Neel Jani, Swiss race car driver
• 1983 – Liu Song, Chinese snooker player
• 1984 – Greg Halford, English footballer
• 1984 – Badr Hari, Dutch kick-boxer
• 1985 – Meagan Duhamel, Canadian figure skater
• 1985 – Dwight Howard, American basketball player
• 1985 – Oleksiy Pecherov, Ukrainian basketball player
• 1986 – Amir Khan, English boxer
• 1986 – Kate Voegele, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
• 1987 – Jana Juričová, Slovak tennis player
• 1989 – Drew Doughty, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989 – Jen Ledger, English drummer (Skillet)
• 1993 – Jordan Obita, English footballer
• 1993 – AnnaSophia Robb, American actress and singer
• 1994 – Raheem Sterling, English footballer
• 1995 – Jordan Ibe, English footballer
• 1996 – Teala Dunn, American actress

Deaths

• 592 – Sushun, emperor of Japan (c. b. 520)
• 765 – Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muslim jurist (b. 702)
• 899 – Arnulf of Carinthia (b. 850)
• 1626 – John Davies, English poet (b. 1569)
• 1632 – Philippe van Lansberge, Flemish astronomer (b. 1561)
• 1638 – Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet (b. 1589)
• 1643 – John Pym, English politician (b. 1583)
• 1649 – Noël Chabanel, French missionary (b. 1613)
• 1680 – Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester, English politician (b. 1606)
• 1691 – Richard Baxter, English clergyman (b. 1615)
• 1695 – Barthélemy d'Herbelot, French orientalist (b. 1625)
• 1709 – Thomas Corneille, French playwright (b. 1625)
• 1722 – Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine (b. 1652)
• 1744 – Marie Anne de Mailly, French mistress of Louis XV of France (b. 1717)
• 1745 – Etienne Fourmont, French orientalist (b. 1683)
• 1746 – Charles Radclyffe, English politician (b. 1693)
• 1756 – William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington, English politician and diplomat (b. 1690)
• 1768 – Jean Denis Attiret, French missionary (b. 1702)
• 1779 – Nathan Alcock, English physician (b. 1707)
• 1793 – Madame du Barry, French mistress of Louis XV of France (b. 1743)
• 1811 – Eliza Poe, English-American actress (b. 1787)
• 1830 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss-French politician and author (b. 1767)
• 1859 – Thomas De Quincey, English author (b. 1785)
• 1864 – George Boole, English mathematician and philosopher (b. 1815)
• 1869 – Narcisa de Jesús, Ecuadorian saint (b. 1832)
• 1885 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American businessman (b. 1821)
• 1894 – Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician (b. 1821)
• 1903 – Herbert Spencer, English philosopher (b. 1820)
• 1907 – Oscar II of Sweden (b. 1829)
• 1914 – Maximilian von Spee, German admiral (b. 1861)
• 1917 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian author (b. 1836)
• 1918 – Josip Stadler, Croatian bishop, first Archbishop of Vrhbosna (b. 1843)
• 1936 – Simplicio Godina, Filipino conjoined twin (b. 1908)
• 1938 – Friedrich Glauser, Swiss author (b. 1896)
• 1940 – George Lloyd, English-Canadian bishop and theologian (b. 1861)
• 1952 – Charles Lightoller, English officer on the RMS Titanic (b. 1874)
• 1954 – Gladys George, American actress (b. 1904)
• 1954 – Joseph B. Keenan, American politician (b. 1888)
• 1958 – Tris Speaker, American baseball player (b. 1888)
• 1963 – Sarit Thanarat, Thai politician, 11th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1908)
• 1966 – Ward Morehouse, American critic and columnist (b. 1899)
• 1971 – Eleni Ourani, Greek poet (b. 1896)
• 1975 – Gary Thain, New Zealand bass player (Uriah Heep) (b. 1948)
• 1978 – Golda Meir, Russian-Israeli politician, 4th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1898)
• 1980 – John Lennon, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Beatles, Plastic Ono Band, The Quarrymen, and The Dirty Mac) (b. 1940)
• 1982 – Bram Behr, Surinamese journalist (b. 1951)
• 1982 – Marty Robbins, American singer-songwriter and race car driver (b. 1925)
• 1983 – Slim Pickens, American actor and rodeo performer (b. 1919)
• 1984 – Luther Adler, American actor (b. 1903)
• 1984 – Robert Jay Mathews, American white nationalist leader, founded The Order (b. 1953)
• 1991 – Kimberly Bergalis, American HIV victim (b. 1968)
• 1991 – Buck Clayton, American trumpet player (b. 1911)
• 1992 – William Shawn, American magazine editor (b. 1917)
• 1993 – Yevgeny Minayev, Russian weightlifter (b. 1933)
• 1994 – Antônio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian singer-songwriter, pianist, and composer (b. 1927)
• 1996 – Howard Rollins, American actor (b. 1950)
• 1996 – Kashiwado Tsuyoshi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 47th Yokozuna (b. 1938)
• 1997 – Bob Bell, American clown (b. 1922)
• 1998 – Michael Craze, English actor (b.1942)
• 1999 – Péter Kuczka, Hungarian poet (b. 1923)
• 2000 – Milić od Mačve, Serbian painter (b. 1934)
• 2001 – Mirza Delibašić, Bosnian basketball player (b. 1954)
• 2001 – Don Tennant, American advertising executive (b. 1922)
• 2003 – Rubén González, Cuban pianist (Buena Vista Social Club and Estrellas de Areito) (b. 1919)
• 2004 – Dimebag Darrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Pantera, Damageplan, and Gasoline) (b. 1966)
• 2005 – Georgiy Zhzhonov, Russian actor and author (b. 1915)
• 2006 – Martha Tilton, American singer (b. 1915)
• 2006 – José Uribe, Dominican baseball player (b. 1959)
• 2007 – Gerardo García Pimentel, Mexican journalist (b. 1983)
• 2008 – Kerryn McCann, Australian runner (b. 1967)
• 2008 – Oliver Postgate, English animator and puppeteer (b. 1925)
• 2008 – Robert Prosky, American actor (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Kenneth Biros, American murderer (b. 1958)
• 2009 – Luis Días, Dominican singer-songwriter, guitarist, and composer (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Jagannathan, Malayalam actor (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Jerry Brown, American football player (b. 1987)
• 2012 – Arnold Dean, American radio host (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Yvonne Kennedy, American politician (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Ambrose Madtha, Indian archbishop (b. 1955)
• 2012 – Charles Martin, American politician (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Khan Sarwar Murshid, Bangladeshi educator and diplomat (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Walter Newman, American soldier and civic leader (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Bill Prest, Australian politician (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

• Bodhi Day (Japan)
• CARICOM-Cuba Day (the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and Cuba)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Clement of Ohrid (Julian Calendar)
  • Eucharius
  • Richard Baxter (US Episcopal Church)
  • Romaric

• Constitution Day (Romania)
• Constitution Day (Uzbekistan)
• Feast of the Immaculate Conception (public holidays in several countries, a Holy Day of Obligation in the United States and the Philippines), and its related observances:
  • Christmas on Campus (University of Dayton)
  • Festa da Conceição da Praia, celebrating Yemanjá, Queen of the Ocean (Salvador, Bahia)
  • Festival of Lights (Lyon)
  • Mother's Day (Panama)
• National Youth Day (Albania)
  • Student's Day (Bulgaria)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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