Demographics of Canada

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Historical population
Year Pop.   ±%  
1851 2,415,000 —    
1861 3,174,000 +31.4%
1871 3,689,000 +16.2%
1881 4,325,000 +17.2%
1891 4,833,000 +11.7%
1901 5,371,000 +11.1%
1911 7,207,000 +34.2%
1921 8,788,000 +21.9%
1931 10,377,000 +18.1%
1941 11,507,000 +10.9%
1951 14,009,000 +21.7%
1961 18,238,000 +30.2%
1971 21,962,000 +20.4%
1981 24,820,000 +13.0%
1991 28,031,000 +12.9%
2001 31,021,000 +10.7%
2011 33,476,688 +7.9%
Source: Statistics Canada[1]

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Canada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, the People of Canada.

Population of Canada 2011: 33,476,688 (2011 Census[2])
Population of Canada current: 34,265,000 (Est.[Note 1])

Contents

Provinces and territories [edit]

Province or territory Population Percentage of national pop. Total area (km2) Population density Seats in House of Commons People per House Seat
Ontario 700712851821000000012,851,821 38.39% 70061076395000000001,076,395 12.19 106 123,767
Quebec 70067903001000000007,903,001 23.61% 70061365128000000001,365,128 5.76 75 104,758
British Columbia 70064479934000000004,479,934 13.14% 7005925186000000000925,186 4.84 36 124,443
Alberta 70063645257000000003,645,257 10.89% 7005642317000000000642,317 5.77 28 132,285
Manitoba 70061208268000000001,208,268 3.61% 7005553556000000000553,556 2.22 14 87,585
Saskatchewan 70061033381000000001,033,381 3.09% 7005591670000000000591,670 1.75 14 73,927
Nova Scotia 7005921727000000000921,727 2.75% 700453338000000000053,338 17.63 11 85,491
New Brunswick 7005751171000000000751,171 2.24% 700471450000000000071,450 10.50 10 75,046
Newfoundland and Labrador 7005514536000000000514,536 1.54% 7005373872000000000373,872 1.36 7 72,896
Prince Edward Island 7005140204000000000140,204 0.42% 70035660000000000005,660 24.98 4 35,344
Northwest Territories 700441462000000000041,462 0.12% 70061183085000000001,183,085 0.037 1 43,244
Yukon 700433897000000000033,897 0.10% 7005474391000000000474,391 0.072 1 33,963
Nunavut 700431906000000000031,906 0.09% 70061936113000000001,936,113 0.017 1 32,435
Canada 700733476688000000033,476,688 100% 70069252161000000009,252,161 3.73 308 109,167
Sources: Statistics Canada[3][4]

Cities [edit]


Largest cities or towns of Canada
2011 Census[5]
Rank City name Province Pop. Rank City name Province Pop.
Toronto
Toronto

Montreal
Montreal

 1 Toronto Ontario 2,615,060 11 Quebec City Quebec 516,622 Calgary
Calgary

Ottawa
Ottawa
2 Montreal Quebec 1,649,519 12 Surrey British Columbia 468,251
3 Calgary Alberta 1,096,833 13 Laval Quebec 401,553
4 Ottawa Ontario 883,391 14 Halifax Nova Scotia 390,096
5 Edmonton Alberta 812,201 15 London Ontario 366,151
6 Mississauga Ontario 713,443 16 Markham Ontario 301,709
7 Winnipeg Manitoba 663,617 17 Vaughan Ontario 288,301
8 Vancouver British Columbia 603,502 18 Gatineau Quebec 265,349
9 Brampton Ontario 523,911 19 Longueuil Quebec 231,409
10 Hamilton Ontario 519,949 20 Saskatoon Saskatchewan 222,189
Largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population (2011 Census)
Name Province Population Name Province Population
Toronto Ontario 5,583,064 London Ontario 474,786
Montreal Quebec 3,824,221 St. Catharines–Niagara Ontario 392,184
Vancouver British Columbia 2,313,328 Halifax Nova Scotia 390,328
Ottawa–Gatineau Ontario–Quebec 1,236,324 Oshawa Ontario 356,177
Calgary Alberta 1,214,839 Victoria British Columbia 344,615
Edmonton Alberta 1,159,869 Windsor Ontario 319,246
Quebec Quebec 0765,706 Saskatoon Saskatchewan 260,600
Winnipeg Manitoba 0730,018 Regina Saskatchewan 210,556
Hamilton Ontario 0721,053 Sherbrooke Quebec 201,890
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo Ontario 0477,160 St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador 196,966


Median age [edit]

Population pyramid in 2010
  • total: 40.6 years
    • male: 39.6 years
    • female: 41.5 years (2011)

Median age by province and territory, 2011 Census

  1. Nova Scotia: 43.7
  2. Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0
  3. New Brunswick:43.7
  4. Quebec: 41.9
  5. British Columbia: 41.9
  6. Prince Edward Island: 42.8
  7. Ontario: 40.4
  8. Saskatchewan: 38.2
  9. Yukon: 39.1
  10. Manitoba: 38.4
  11. Alberta: 36.5
  12. Northwest Territories: 32.3
  13. Nunavut: 24.1

Total: 40.6

Sources: Statistics Canada[6]

Population growth rates [edit]

Further information: List of population of Canada by years
See also: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population

According to OECD/World Bank the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population compared to 21.7% growth in the USA and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990–2008 the world population growth was 27% and 1,423 million people.[7]

Rank Province or Territory 2011 pop. 2006 pop. Growth  % Change Percentage of national pop.
1 Ontario 700712851821000000012,851,821 700712160282000000012,160,282 7005691539000000000691,539 5.7 38.39%
2 Quebec 70067903001000000007,903,001 70067546131000000007,546,131 7005356870000000000356,870 4.7 23.61%
3 Alberta 70063645257000000003,645,257 70063290350000000003,290,350 7005354907000000000354,907 10.8 10.89%
4 British Columbia 70064400057000000004,400,057 70064113487000000004,113,487 7005286570000000000286,570 7.0 13.14%
5 Saskatchewan 70061033381000000001,033,381 7005968157000000000968,157 700465224000000000065,224 6.7 3.09%
6 Manitoba 70061208268000000001,208,268 70061148401000000001,148,401 700459867000000000059,867 5.2 3.61%
7 New Brunswick 7005751171000000000751,171 7005729997000000000729,997 700421174000000000021,174 2.9 2.24%
8 Newfoundland and Labrador 7005514536000000000514,536 7005505469000000000505,469 70039067000000000009,067 1.8 1.54%
9 Nova Scotia 7005921727000000000921,727 7005913462000000000913,462 70038265000000000008,265 0.9 2.75%
10 Prince Edward Island 7005140204000000000140,204 7005135851000000000135,851 70034353000000000004,353 3.2 0.42%
11 Yukon 700433897000000000033,897 700430372000000000030,372 70033525000000000003,525 11.6 0.10%
12 Nunavut 700431906000000000031,906 700429474000000000029,474 70032432000000000002,432 8.3 0.09%
13 Northwest Territories 700441462000000000041,462 700441464000000000041,464 2999800000000000000−2 0.0 0.12%
Total Canada 700733476688000000033,476,688 700731612897000000031,612,897 70061863791000000001,863,791 5.9 100.00%

Derived from: Statistics Canada – (table) Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2011 and 2006 Censuses – 100% Data

Last modified (by source): N/A
Compiled/added to Wikipedia: 2007-07-22

Vital statistics [edit]

Birth rate: 11.1 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Death rate: 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Net migration rate: 5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Sex ratio:

  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 15 – 64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy:

  • total population: 81.23 years
  • male: 78.69 years
  • female: 83.91 years (2009 est.)

Age structure:[8]

  • 0–14 years: 16.1% (male 2,761,711/female 2,626,836)
  • 15–64 years: 68.7% (male 11,633,950/female 11,381,735)
  • 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787) (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.63 children born/woman (2010 est.)[9]

Population projection [edit]

US Census Bureau, 2010 est.
Year Pop.   ±%  
2020 36,387,000 —    
2030 38,565,000 +6.0%
2040 40,070,000 +3.9%
2050 41,136,000 +2.7%
[10]
United Nations, 2010 est.
Year Pop.   ±%  
2020 37,163,000 —    
2030 39,850,000 +7.2%
2040 41,882,000 +5.1%
2050 43,642,000 +4.2%
2060 45,101,000 +3.3%
2070 46,271,000 +2.6%
2080 47,206,000 +2.0%
2090 47,906,000 +1.5%
2100 48,290,000 +0.8%
[11]

Ethnicity [edit]

Ethnic origin [edit]

Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada

Canadians were able to self-identify one or more ethnic origins in the 2006 census. Percentages therefore add up to more than 100%. The most common response was 'Canadian'. As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethnocultural ancestries.

Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, approximately 28% of the population will be foreign-born. The number of people belonging to visible minority groups will double,[12] and make up the majority of the population in Toronto and Vancouver.

Single responses: 18.40% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 13.82% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 4.38% of respondents gave a single response of English, 3.94% gave a single response of French, 3.63% gave a single response of Chinese, 2.50% gave a single response of East Indian, 2.37% gave a single response of Italian, 2.15% gave a single response of German, 1.82% gave a single response of Scottish, 1.64% gave a single response of North American Indian, 1.57% gave a single response of Irish, and 1.03% gave a single response of Filipino; following are those that have given a single answer of Jamaican, North American Indian, Ukrainian, Greek, and Jewish.

Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2006):

Ethnic origin[Note 2]  % Population Area of largest proportion
Canadian 32.22% 700710066290000000010,066,290 Quebec (66.2%)
English 21.03% 70066570015000000006,570,015 Newfoundland and Labrador (43.2%)
French 15.82% 70064941210000000004,941,210 Quebec (28.9%)
Scottish 15.11% 70064719850000000004,719,850 Prince Edward Island (40.5%)
Irish 13.94% 70064354155000000004,354,155 Prince Edward Island (29.2%)
German 10.18% 70063179425000000003,179,425 Saskatchewan (30.0%)
Italian 4.63% 70061445335000000001,445,335 Ontario (7.2%)
Chinese 4.31% 70061346510000000001,346,510 British Columbia (10.6%)
North American Indian 4.01% 70061253615000000001,253,615 Northwest Territories (36.5%)
Ukrainian 3.87% 70061209085000000001,209,085 Manitoba (14.8%)
Dutch (Netherlands) 3.32% 70061035965000000001,035,965 Alberta (5.3%)
Polish 3.15% 7005984565000000000984,565 Manitoba (7.3%)
East Indian 3.08% 7005962665000000000962,665 British Columbia (5.7%)
Russian 1.60% 7005500600000000000500,600 Manitoba (4.3%)
Arabs 1.51% 7005470580000000000470,580 Quebec (2.8%)
Welsh 1.41% 7005440965000000000440,965 Yukon (3.1%)
Filipino 1.40% 7005436190000000000436,190 Manitoba (3.5%)
Norwegian 1.38% 7005432515000000000432,515 Saskatchewan (7.2%)
Portuguese 1.32% 7005410850000000000410,850 Ontario (2.4%)
Métis 1.31% 7005409065000000000409,065 Northwest Territories (6.9%)
British, not included elsewhere 1.29% 7005403915000000000403,915 Yukon (2.3%)
Swedish 1.07% 7005334765000000000334,765 Saskatchewan (3.5%)
Spanish 1.04% 7005325730000000000325,730 British Columbia (1.3%)
American 1.01% 7005316350000000000316,350 Yukon (2.0%)
Hungarian (Magyar) 1.01% 7005315510000000000315,510 Saskatchewan (2.9%)
Jewish 1.01% 7005315120000000000315,120 Ontario (1.5%)
Greek 0.78% 7005242685000000000242,685 Ontario (1.1%)

Data from the same subject matter, though from 2001, is also grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada as follows:[13]

2001%
North American (non-aboriginal) 40.21%
British Isles 33.64%
French 15.89%
Western European 12.78%
Eastern European 8.50%
Southern European 7.87%
2001%
East and Southeast Asian 6.03%
Aboriginal 4.45%
South Asian 3.25%
Northern European 3.22%
Caribbean 1.70%
Other European 1.28%
2001%
Arab 1.17%
African 0.99%
Latin, Central and
South American		 0.82%
West Asian 0.69%
Oceania 0.16%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030 in 2006) and total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries with responses totalling to more than 1% of the total number of responses are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.[14][15]

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows[16] (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

  • Quebec (7,435,905): Canadian (60.2%), French (28.9%)
  • New Brunswick (719,650): Canadian (52.9%), French (26.5%), English (25.5%), Irish (20.9%), Scottish (19.8%)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador (500,610): Canadian (48.2%), English (43.2%), Irish (21.4%)
  • Nova Scotia (903,090): Canadian (40.9%), Scottish (31.9%), English (31.8%), Irish (21.6%), French (17.9%), German (11.3%)
  • Prince Edward Island (134,205): Scottish (40.5%), Canadian (39.0%), English (32.3%), Irish (29.2%), French (21.7%)
  • Ontario (12,028,895): English (24.7%), Canadian (23.0%), Scottish (17.5%), Irish (16.5%), French (11.2%)
  • Alberta (3,256,355): English (27.2%), German (20.9%), Canadian (20.5%), Scottish (20.3%), Irish (16.6%), French (11.9%), Ukrainian (10.2%)
  • Manitoba (1,133,510): English (22.9%), German (19.1%), Scottish (18.5%), Canadian (18.2%), Ukrainian (14.7%), Irish (13.4%), French (13.1%), North American Indian (10.6%)
  • Saskatchewan (953,850): German (30.0%), English (26.5%), Scottish (19.2%), Canadian (18.1%), Irish (15.3%), Ukrainian (13.6%), French (12.4%), North American Indian (12.1%)
  • British Columbia (4,074,385): English (29.6%), Scottish (20.3%), Canadian (17.7%), Irish (15.2%), German (13.8%), Chinese (10.6%)

The most common homogeneous ethnic groups per province, as shown by single responses (e.g. "Italian" only is a single response, whereas "Italian & Irish" is a multiple response and is subsumed under "multiple ethnic origin" in this grouping) are as follows[16] (only percentages 3% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

  • Quebec (7,435,905): Canadian (43.2%), multiple ethnic origin (25.9%), French (11.6%)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador (500,610): Canadian (35.0%), multiple ethnic origin (30.6%), English (20.8%), Irish (6.9%)
  • New Brunswick (719,650): multiple ethnic origin (46.1%), Canadian (30.3%), French (6.1%), English (5.4%), Irish (3.2%)
  • Nova Scotia (903,090): multiple ethnic origin (51.1%), Canadian (22.2%), English (6.9%), Scottish (6.5%)
  • Prince Edward Island (134,205): multiple ethnic origin (53.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Scottish (7.8%), English (6.4%), Irish (5.0%), French (3.5%)
  • Ontario (12,028,895): multiple ethnic origin (43.0%), Canadian (10.0%), English (5.3%), Chinese (4.5%), Italian (4.0%), East Indian (3.8%)
  • Alberta (3,256,355): multiple ethnic origin (53.1%), Canadian (8.8%), German (4.6%), English (4.5%), Chinese (3.4%)
  • Saskatchewan (953,850): multiple ethnic origin (55.2%), North American Indian (8.1%), Canadian (7.8%), German (7.8%), English (3.9%), Ukrainian (3.8%)
  • Manitoba (1,133,510): multiple ethnic origin (50.1%), Canadian (7.3%), North American Indian (7.1%), German (5.9%), Ukrainian (4.2%), English (3.6%)
  • British Columbia (4,074,385): multiple ethnic origin (47.7%), Chinese (9.3%), Canadian (6.5%), English (6.0%), East Indian (5.0%)

Visible minorities and Aboriginals [edit]

By number [edit]

2006 [edit]

Province/territory White South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Latin American Arab Southeast Asian West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority, n.i.e. Multiple visible minorities Total visible minority population First Nations Métis Inuit Aboriginal, n.i.e. Multiple Aboriginal identities Total Aboriginal population Total population
Alberta[17][18] 2,613,795 103,885 120,270 47,075 51,090 27,265 26,185 28,610 9,650 12,045 11,025 3,845 13,250 454,200 97,275 85,495 1,610 2,765 1,220 188,365 3,256,360
British Columbia[19][20] 2,869,460 262,290 407,225 28,315 88,075 28,965 8,635 40,685 29,810 50,490 35,060 3,880 25,420 1,008,855 129,580 59,445 795 4,605 1,655 196,070 4,074,385
Manitoba[21][22] 849,025 16,565 13,705 15,655 37,790 6,275 2,325 5,670 1,960 2,190 2,010 1,685 3,265 109,095 100,645 71,810 560 1,695 680 175,395 1,133,515
New Brunswick[23][24] 688,655 1,960 2,450 4,455 530 720 840 445 550 625 170 150 455 13,345 12,385 4,270 185 710 100 17,650 719,650
Newfoundland and Labrador[25][26] 471,440 1,590 1,325 905 305 480 540 120 115 60 140 75 65 5,720 7,765 6,470 4,715 4,205 290 23,450 500,610
Northwest Territories[27][28] 18,160 210 315 375 695 85 85 355 40 15 15 30 40 2,265 12,640 3,585 4,165 145 105 20,635 41,060
Nova Scotia[29][30] 841,230 3,810 4,305 19,230 700 955 4,505 815 775 795 500 260 1,035 37,685 15,240 7,680 320 830 100 24,175 903,090
Nunavut[31][32] 3,990 85 80 100 80 25 15 0 10 0 10 10 15 420 100 130 24,640 15 35 24,915 29,325
Ontario[33][34] 9,041,210 794,170 576,975 473,765 203,215 147,140 111,405 110,045 96,620 69,540 28,080 56,845 77,400 2,745,200 158,400 73,610 2,035 6,540 1,905 242,490 12,028,900
Prince Edward Island[35][36] 130,650 130 250 645 30 215 260 30 30 70 65 60 25 1,825 1,230 385 30 75 10 1,730 134,205
Quebec[37][38] 6,673,125 72,850 79,825 188,070 24,200 89,510 109,020 50,460 16,120 5,310 3,535 4,155 11,310 654,355 65,085 27,985 10,950 3,450 955 108,425 7,435,905
Saskatchewan[39][40] 778,060 5,130 9,505 5,090 3,770 2,520 1,710 2,555 1,020 740 645 405 810 33,900 91,400 48,120 215 1,530 625 141,890 953,850
Yukon[41][42] 21,395 195 325 125 210 100 20 145 10 10 40 15 40 1,220 6,280 800 255 190 55 7,580 30,195
Canada[43][44] 25,000,150 1,262,865 1,216,565 783,795 410,695 304,245 265,550 239,935 156,700 141,890 81,300 71,420 133,120 5,068,095 698,025 389,780 50,480 26,760 7,740 1,172,785 31,241,030
'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'[45]
All statistics are from the Canada 2006 Census.

2011 [edit]

Province/territory White South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Latin American Arab Southeast Asian West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority, n.i.e. Multiple visible minorities Total visible minority population First Nations Métis Inuit Aboriginal, n.i.e. Multiple Aboriginal identities Total Aboriginal population Total population
Alberta[46] 2,690,960 156,665 133,390 74,435 106,035 41,305 34,920 41,025 16,030 15,000 12,415 6,270 18,840 656,325 116,670 96,870 1,985 3,300 1,870 220,695 3,567,980
British Columbia[47] 2,911,295 313,440 438,140 33,260 126,040 35,465 14,090 51,970 38,960 53,770 38,120 6,465 31,160 1,180,870 155,020 69,475 1,570 3,745 2,480 232,290 4,324,455
Manitoba[48] 824,830 25,265 17,025 19,610 59,220 9,140 3,235 7,565 2,040 3,045 1,745 1,765 3,975 153,625 114,225 78,830 580 1,055 1,200 195,895 1,174,350
New Brunswick[49] 696,080 2,445 2,540 4,870 1,100 1,160 1,380 730 305 1,855 305 85 360 17,135 16,120 4,850 485 1,020 150 22,620 735,835
Newfoundland and Labrador[50] 464,540 1,855 1,645 1,455 350 185 370 320 155 80 60 205 250 6,930 19,315 7,660 6,265 2,300 260 35,800 507,270
Northwest Territories[51] 16,920 185 380 555 895 105 115 230 60 50 45 75 30 2,720 13,350 3,250 4,335 185 45 21,160 40,800
Nova Scotia[52] 825,055 4,965 6,050 20,790 1,890 1,360 6,290 1,155 1,365 960 445 720 1,290 47,270 21,895 10,050 695 980 225 33,850 906,175
Nunavut[53] 3,825 95 65 120 130 25 15 30 0 10 0 10 0 510 125 130 27,070 15 20 27,365 31,700
Ontario[54] 9,070,800 965,990 629,140 539,205 275,380 172,560 151,645 137,875 122,530 78,290 29,085 81,130 96,735 3,279,565 201,100 86,020 3,355 8,040 2,910 301,430 12,651,795
Prince Edward Island[55] 130,890 485 1,830 390 85 235 200 205 345 140 210 75 70 4,260 1,520 410 55 235 0 2,230 137,380
Quebec[56] 6,740,375 83,320 82,845 243,625 31,495 116,380 166,260 65,855 23,445 6,665 4,025 8,895 17,420 850,235 82,425 40,960 12,570 4,415 1,545 141,915 7,732,525
Saskatchewan[57] 787,745 12,325 11,300 7,255 16,025 3,250 2,095 4,910 1,600 1,270 720 745 1,775 63,275 103,205 52,450 290 1,120 675 157,740 1,008,760
Yukon[58] 23,590 365 400 100 675 110 0 210 0 0 80 35 35 2,025 6,585 845 175 70 25 7,705 33,320
Canada[59] 25,186,890 1,567,400 1,324,750 945,665 619,310 381,280 380,620 312,075 206,840 161,130 87,270 106,475 171,935 6,264,750 851,560 451,795 59,440 26,475 11,415 1,400,685 32,852,325
'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'[60]
All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census.

By proportion of total population [edit]

2006 [edit]

Province/territory White South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Latin American Arab Southeast Asian West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority, n.i.e. Multiple visible minorities Total visible minority population First Nations Métis Inuit Aboriginal, n.i.e. Multiple Aboriginal identities Total Aboriginal population Total population
Alberta[17][18] 80.3% 3.2% 3.7% 1.4% 1.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 13.9% 3% 2.6% 0% 0.1% 0% 5.8% 100%
British Columbia[19][20] 70.4% 6.4% 10% 0.7% 2.2% 0.7% 0.2% 1% 0.7% 1.2% 0.9% 0.1% 0.6% 24.8% 3.2% 1.5% 0% 0.1% 0% 4.8% 100%
Manitoba[21][22] 74.9% 1.5% 1.2% 1.4% 3.3% 0.6% 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 9.6% 8.9% 6.3% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 15.5% 100%
New Brunswick[23][24] 95.7% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0% 0.1% 1.9% 1.7% 0.6% 0% 0.1% 0% 2.5% 100%
Newfoundland and Labrador[25][26] 94.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1.1% 1.6% 1.3% 0.9% 0.8% 0.1% 4.7% 100%
Northwest Territories[27][28] 44.2% 0.5% 0.8% 0.9% 1.7% 0.2% 0.2% 0.9% 0.1% 0% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 5.5% 30.8% 8.7% 10.1% 0.4% 0.3% 50.3% 100%
Nova Scotia[29][30] 93.2% 0.4% 0.5% 2.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 4.2% 1.7% 0.9% 0% 0.1% 0% 2.7% 100%
Nunavut[31][32] 13.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0.1% 1.4% 0.3% 0.4% 84% 0.1% 0.1% 85% 100%
Ontario[33][34] 75.2% 6.6% 4.8% 3.9% 1.7% 1.2% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.6% 0.2% 0.5% 0.6% 22.8% 1.3% 0.6% 0% 0.1% 0% 2% 100%
Prince Edward Island[35][36] 97.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 0% 0.2% 0.2% 0% 0% 0.1% 0% 0% 0% 1.4% 0.9% 0.3% 0% 0.1% 0% 1.3% 100%
Quebec[37][38] 89.7% 1% 1.1% 2.5% 0.3% 1.2% 1.5% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 0.2% 8.8% 0.9% 0.4% 0.1% 0% 0% 1.5% 100%
Saskatchewan[39][40] 81.6% 0.5% 1% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 3.6% 9.6% 5% 0% 0.2% 0.1% 14.9% 100%
Yukon[41][42] 70.9% 0.6% 1.1% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0% 0% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 4% 20.8% 2.6% 0.8% 0.6% 0.2% 25.1% 100%
Canada[43][44] 80% 4% 3.9% 2.5% 1.3% 1% 0.9% 0.8% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 16.2% 2.2% 1.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0% 3.8% 100%
'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'[45]
All statistics are from the Canada 2006 Census.

2011 [edit]

Province/territory White South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Latin American Arab Southeast Asian West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority, n.i.e. Multiple visible minorities Total visible minority population First Nations Métis Inuit Aboriginal, n.i.e. Multiple Aboriginal identities Total Aboriginal population Total population
Alberta[61] 75.4% 4.4% 3.7% 2.1% 3% 1.2% 1% 1.1% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.5% 18.4% 3.3% 2.7% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 6.2% 100%
British Columbia[62] 67.3% 7.2% 10.1% 0.8% 2.9% 0.8% 0.3% 1.2% 0.9% 1.2% 0.9% 0.1% 0.7% 27.3% 3.6% 1.6% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 5.4% 100%
Manitoba[63] 70.2% 2.2% 1.4% 1.7% 5% 0.8% 0.3% 0.6% 0.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 13.1% 9.7% 6.7% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 16.7% 100%
New Brunswick[64] 94.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0% 0.3% 0% 0% 0% 2.3% 2.2% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 3.1% 100%
Newfoundland and Labrador[65] 91.6% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1.4% 3.8% 1.5% 1.2% 0.5% 0.1% 7.1% 100%
Northwest Territories[66] 41.5% 0.5% 0.9% 1.4% 2.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 6.7% 32.7% 8% 10.6% 0.5% 0.1% 51.9% 100%
Nova Scotia[67] 91% 0.5% 0.7% 2.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 5.2% 2.4% 1.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 3.7% 100%
Nunavut[68] 12.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.1% 0% 0.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1.6% 0.4% 0.4% 85.4% 0% 0.1% 86.3% 100%
Ontario[69] 71.7% 7.6% 5% 4.3% 2.2% 1.4% 1.2% 1.1% 1% 0.6% 0.2% 0.6% 0.8% 25.9% 1.6% 0.7% 0% 0.1% 0% 2.4% 100%
Prince Edward Island[70] 95.3% 0.4% 1.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 3.1% 1.1% 0.3% 0% 0.2% 0% 1.6% 100%
Quebec[71] 87.2% 1.1% 1.1% 3.2% 0.4% 1.5% 2.2% 0.9% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 11% 1.1% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0% 1.8% 100%
Saskatchewan[72] 78.1% 1.2% 1.1% 0.7% 1.6% 0.3% 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 6.3% 10.2% 5.2% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 15.6% 100%
Yukon[73] 70.8% 1.1% 1.2% 0.3% 2% 0.3% 0% 0.6% 0% 0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 6.1% 19.8% 2.5% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 23.1% 100%
Canada[74] 76.7% 4.8% 4% 2.9% 1.9% 1.2% 1.2% 0.9% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.5% 19.1% 2.6% 1.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0% 4.3% 100%
'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'[75]
All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census.

Population change (2006 - 2011) [edit]

Population group Population (2011) Population (2006)  % Change (2006 – 2011)
White 25,186,890 25,000,150 0.7%
South Asian 1,567,400 1,262,865 24.1%
Chinese 1,324,750 1,216,565 8.9%
Black 945,665 783,795 20.7%
Filipino 619,310 410,695 50.8%
Latin American 381,280 304,245 25.3%
Arab 380,620 265,550 43.3%
Southeast Asian 312,075 239,935 30.1%
West Asian 206,840 156,700 32%
Korean 161,130 141,890 13.6%
Japanese 87,270 81,300 7.3%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 106,475 71,420 49.1%
Multiple visible minorities 171,935 133,120 29.2%
Total visible minority population 6,264,750 5,068,095 23.6%
First Nations 851,560 698,025 22%
Métis 451,795 389,780 15.9%
Inuit 59,440 50,480 17.7%
Aboriginal, n.i.e. 26,475 26,760 -1.1%
Multiple Aboriginal identities 11,415 7,740 47.5%
Total Aboriginal population 1,400,685 1,172,785 19.4%
Total population 32,852,325 31,241,030 5.2%

Other information [edit]

The most common racial groups per province are as follows[76] (only percentages 3% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of visible minorities):

  • British Columbia (4,074,380): Not a visible minority: 75.2%, Chinese: 10.0%, South Asian: 6.4%
  • Ontario (12,028,895): Not a visible minority: 77.2%, South Asian: 6.6%, Chinese: 4.8%, Black: 3.9%
  • Alberta (3,256,355): Not a visible minority: 78.4%, Chinese 3.7%, South Asian 3.2%
  • Manitoba (1,133,515): Not a visible minority: 90.4%, Filipino 3.3%
  • Quebec (7,435,900): Not a visible minority: 91.2%
  • Nova Scotia (903,090): Not a visible minority: 95.8%
  • Saskatchewan (953,850): Not a visible minority: 96.4%
  • New Brunswick (719,650): Not a visible minority: 98.1%
  • Prince Edward Island (134,205): Not a visible minority: 98.7%
  • Newfoundland and Labrador (500,605): Not a visible minority: 98.9%

Correspondingly, the picture is as follows for the nine (9) largest census metropolitan areas (CMAs)[77] (only percentages 3% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of visible minorities):

  • Toronto (5,072,070): Not a visible minority: 57.1%, South Asian 13.4%, Chinese: 9.6%, Black: 6.9%, Filipino: 3.4%
  • Vancouver (2,097,965): Not a visible minority: 58.3%, Chinese: 18.2%, South Asian: 9.9%, Filipino: 3.8%
  • Calgary (1,070,295): Not a visible minority: 77.8%, Chinese 6.2%, South Asian 5.4%
  • Edmonton (1,024,825): Not a visible minority: 82.9%, Chinese 4.6%, South Asian 3.9%
  • Montreal (3,588,520): Not a visible minority: 83.5%, Black 4.7%
  • Ottawa-Gatineau (1,117,120): Not a visible minority: 84.0%, Black 4.0%
  • Winnipeg (686,040): Not a visible minority: 85.0%, Filipino: 5.4%
  • Hamilton (683,450): Not a visible minority: 87.7%
  • Quebec City (704,185): Not a visible minority: 97.7%

Religions [edit]

See also: Religion in Canada
Top self-identified religious affiliations in Canada in 2001.
Top Self-Identified Religious Affiliations in Canada[78][79][80]
1991
number		 1991
%		 2001
number		 2001
%		 % change
(in numbers)
Christian 22,468,260 83 22,799,645 77 −1.5
– Catholic 12,335,255 45.7 12,936,905 43.6 +4.8
– Protestant 9,427,675 34.9 8,654,850 29.2 −8.2
– United Church of Canada 3,093,120 11.3 2,839,125 9.5 −8.2
– Anglican Church of Canada 2,188,110 8.0 2,035,495 6.8 −7.0
- Baptist 663,360 2.4 729,475 2.4 +10.0
– Lutheran 636,205 2.3 606,590 2.0 −4.7
– Presbyterian 636,295 2.3 409,830 1.4 −35.6
– Pentecostal 436,435 1.6 369,475 1.2 −15.3
– Mennonite 207,970 0.8 191,465 0.6 −7.9
– Jehovah's Witnesses 168,375 0.6 154,745 0.5 −8.1
– Methodist 83,910 0.3 106,545 0.4 +27.0
– Mormon 100,770 0.4 104,750 0.3 +3.9
– Salvation Army 112,345 0.4 87,785 0.3 −21.9
– Christian Reformed Church in North America 84,685 0.3 76,665 0.3 −9.5
– Christian and Missionary Alliance 59,365 0.2 66,280 0.2 +11.9
– Adventists 52,365 0.2 62,875 0.2 +20.1
– Christian Orthodox 387,395 1.4 479,620 1.6 +23.8
– Greek Orthodox 231,965 0.9 215,200 0.7 −7.1
– Christian, not included elsewhere¹ 353,040 1.3 780,450 2.6 +121.1
Other 1,148,060 4.3 1,988,635 6.7 +73.2
– Jewish 318,185 1.2 329,995 1.1 +3.7
– Muslim 253,265 0.9 579,640 2.0 +128.9
– Buddhist 163,415 0.6 300,345 1.0 +83.8
– Hindu 157,015 0.6 297,200 1.0 +89.3
– Sikh 147,440 0.5 278,410 0.9 +88.8
No religion 3,397,000 12.6 4,900,095 16.5 +44.2
¹ Includes persons who report only "Christian", only "Protestant", and those in denominations less than 60,000
* For comparability purposes, 1991 data are presented according to 2001 boundaries.

Note(s):

However, a more recent research in 2005 indicates that the non-religious group has risen significantly. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College writes of several academic sources who have in recent years placed atheism rates in Canada between 19% and 30%.[81]

Languages [edit]

Main article: Languages of Canada
Languages in Canada
Language Percent
English
  
 58%
French
  
 22%
English and French
  
 11%
others
  
 9%

Language used most often at work:[82]

Languages by language used most often at home:[83]

Languages by mother tongue:

First language Population (2011) % of total population (2011) Population (2006) % of total population (2006) Increase (2006–2011) Notes
Single language responses 32,481,635 98.1% 30,848,270 98.7% 5.3%
Official languages 25,913,955 78.2% 24,700,425 79.1% 4.9%
English 18,858,980 56.9% 17,882,775 57.2% 5.5%
French 7,054,975 21.3% 6,817,650 21.8% 3.5%
Non-official languages 6,567,680 19.8% 6,147,840 19.7% 6.8%
Panjabi (Punjabi) 430,705 1.3% 367,505 1.2% 17.2%
Chinese, n.o.s. 425,210 1.3% 456,705 1.5% -6.9%
Spanish 410,670 1.2% 345,345 1.1% 18.9%
German 409,200 1.2% 450,570 1.4% -9.2%
Italian 407,485 1.2% 455,040 1.5% -10.5%
Cantonese 372,460 1.1% 361,450 1.2% 3%
Arabic 327,870 1% 261,640 0.8% 25.3%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 327,445 1% 235,615 0.8% 39%
Mandarin 248,705 0.8% 170,950 0.5% 45.5%
Portuguese 211,335 0.6% 219,275 0.7% -3.6%
Polish 191,645 0.6% 211,175 0.7% -9.2%
Urdu 172,800 0.5% 145,805 0.5% 18.5%
Persian 170,045 0.5% 134,080 0.4% 26.8%
Russian 164,330 0.5% 133,580 0.4% 23%
Vietnamese 144,880 0.4% 141,625 0.5% 2.3%
Korean 137,925 0.4% 125,570 0.4% 9.8%
Tamil 131,265 0.4% 115,880 0.4% 13.3%
Ukrainian 111,540 0.3% 134,500 0.4% -17.1%
Dutch 110,490 0.3% 128,900 0.4% -14.3%
Greek 108,925 0.3% 117,285 0.4% -7.1%
Gujarati 91,450 0.3% 81,465 0.3% 12.3%
Hindi 90,545 0.3% 78,240 0.3% 15.7%
Romanian 90,300 0.3% 78,495 0.3% 15%
Cree, n.o.s. 77,900 0.2% 78,855 0.3% -1.2% In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian 67,920 0.2% 73,335 0.2% -7.4%
Creoles 61,725 0.2% 53,515 0.2% 15.3%
Bengali 59,370 0.2% 45,685 0.1% 30%
Serbian 56,420 0.2% 51,665 0.2% 9.2%
Croatian 49,730 0.2% 55,330 0.2% -10.1%
Japanese 39,985 0.1% 40,200 0.1% -0.5%
Inuktitut 33,500 0.1% 32,015 0.1% 4.6% In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.
Somali 31,380 0.09% 27,320 0.09% 14.9%
Armenian 29,795 0.09% 30,130 0.1% -1.1%
Turkish 29,640 0.09% 24,745 0.08% 19.8%
Albanian 23,820 0.07% N/A N/A N/A
Czech 23,585 0.07% 24,450 0.08% -3.5%
Khmer (Cambodian) 19,440 0.06% 19,105 0.06% 1.8%
Bulgarian 19,050 0.06% 16,790 0.05% 13.5%
Hebrew 18,450 0.06% 17,635 0.06% 4.6%
Amharic 18,020 0.05% 14,555 0.05% 23.8%
Ilocano 17,915 0.05% 13,450 0.04% 33.2%
Ojibway 17,625 0.05% 24,190 0.08% -27.1%
Slovak 17,580 0.05% 18,820 0.06% -6.6%
Finnish 17,415 0.05% 21,030 0.07% -17.2%
Macedonian 17,245 0.05% 18,435 0.06% -6.5%
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 16,970 0.05% N/A N/A N/A
Bisayan languages 16,240 0.05% 11,240 0.04% 44.5%
Malayalam 16,080 0.05% 11,925 0.04% 34.8%
Yiddish 15,205 0.05% 16,295 0.05% -6.7%
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 14,185 0.04% 10,180 0.03% 39.3%
Danish 14,145 0.04% 18,735 0.06% -24.5%
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e. 14,075 0.04% N/A N/A N/A
Lao 12,970 0.04% 13,940 0.04% -7%
Akan (Twi) 12,680 0.04% 12,780 0.04% -0.8%
Pashto 12,465 0.04% 9,025 0.03% 38.1%
Bosnian 11,685 0.04% 12,790 0.04% -8.6%
Sindhi 11,330 0.03% 10,355 0.03% 9.4%
Dene 11,215 0.03% 9,745 0.03% 15.1%
Oromo 11,140 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Malay 10,910 0.03% 9,490 0.03% 15%
Innu/Montagnais 10,785 0.03% 10,975 0.04% -1.7% In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian 10,775 0.03% 13,135 0.04% -18%
Tigrigna 10,220 0.03% 7,105 0.02% 43.8%
Serbo-Croatian 10,155 0.03% 12,510 0.04% -18.8%
Swahili 10,090 0.03% 7,935 0.03% 27.2%
Oji-Cree 9,835 0.03% 11,690 0.04% -15.9%
Kurdish 9,805 0.03% 7,660 0.02% 28%
Taiwanese 9,635 0.03% 9,620 0.03% 0.2%
Telugu 9,315 0.03% 6,625 0.02% 40.6%
African languages, n.i.e. 9,125 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Afrikaans 8,770 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Nepali 8,480 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Thai 7,935 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Mi'kmaq 7,635 0.02% 7,365 0.02% 3.7%
Swedish 7,350 0.02% 8,220 0.03% -10.6%
Lithuanian 7,245 0.02% 8,335 0.03% -13.1%
Bantu languages, n.i.e. 7,150 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Estonian 6,385 0.02% 8,240 0.03% -22.5%
Maltese 6,220 0.02% 6,405 0.02% -2.9%
Latvian 6,200 0.02% 7,000 0.02% -11.4%
Fukien 5,925 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Berber languages (Kabyle) 5,855 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Marathi 5,830 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Atikamekw 5,820 0.02% 5,250 0.02% 10.9%
Norwegian 5,800 0.02% 7,225 0.02% -19.7%
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5,255 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Hakka 5,115 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Flemish 4,690 0.01% 5,660 0.02% -17.1%
Tibetan languages 4,640 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 4,360 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Rundi (Kirundi) 3,975 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) 3,895 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Sign languages, n.i.e. 3,815 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 3,630 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Lingala 3,085 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Stoney 3,050 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Burmese 2,985 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Shanghainese 2,920 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) N/A N/A 5,585 0.02% N/A
Blackfoot N/A N/A 3,085 0.01% N/A
Frisian N/A N/A 2,890 0.009% N/A
Dogrib N/A N/A 2,020 0.006% N/A
Algonquin N/A N/A 1,920 0.006% N/A
South Slave N/A N/A 1,605 0.005% N/A
Carrier N/A N/A 1,560 0.005% N/A
Gitksan N/A N/A 1,180 0.004% N/A
Chilcotin N/A N/A 1,070 0.003% N/A
North Slave (Hare) N/A N/A 1,065 0.003% N/A
Shuswap N/A N/A 935 0.003% N/A
Nisga’a N/A N/A 680 0.002% N/A
Malecite N/A N/A 535 0.002% N/A
Chipewyan N/A N/A 525 0.002% N/A
Inuinnaqtun N/A N/A 365 0.001% N/A
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux) N/A N/A 360 0.001% N/A
Mohawk N/A N/A 290 0.0009% N/A
Tlingit N/A N/A 80 0.0003% N/A
Other languages 77,890 0.2% 172,650 0.6% -54.9%
Multiple language responses 639,540 1.9% 392,760 1.3% 62.8%
English and French 144,685 0.4% 98,630 0.3% 46.7%
English and a non-official language 396,330 1.2% 240,005 0.8% 65.1%
French and a non-official language 74,430 0.2% 43,335 0.1% 71.8%
English, French, and a non-official language 24,095 0.07% 10,790 0.03% 123.3%
Total 33,121,175 100% 31,241,030 100% 6%
[84][85]
n.i.e. = not included elsewhere
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Literacy [edit]

  • definition: age 15 and over can read and write

The literacy rate of Canada was 99% in 2003.[86]

Education expenditures [edit]

  • 5.2% of total GDP (2002)

City populations [edit]

  • As of 2006, Canada's 13 largest cities (metro areas) have a combined population of 17,885,000
  • Canada has 100 cities with 45,000 inhabitants or more for a combined population of 20,687,000
  • Canada has 230 cities with 15,000 inhabitants or more

See also [edit]

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories
Book icon
Portal icon Canada portal
Portal icon History of Canada portal


Notes [edit]

  1. ^ The population count appearing may differ from the official estimates and projections released by Statistics Canada. Data displayed is as a rough estimate of the current Canadian population. Source: "Canada's population clock". 
  2. ^ Data for ethnic origin was collected by self-declaration, labels may not necessarily describe the true ancestry of respondents. Many respondents also acknowledged multiple ancestries. Source: "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Data table". Statistics Canada.  Additional data: "2006 Census release topics". 

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved 2011-05-23. 
  2. ^ "2011 Census Profile". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved 2012-03-08. 
  3. ^ Statistics Canada (2011). "Population data 2011 Census". Retrieved 2012-05-16. 
  4. ^ Statistics Canada (2005). "Land and freshwater area, by province and territory (2005)". Retrieved 2007-07-22. 
  5. ^ "Census Profile". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2012-02-09. 
  6. ^ Statistics Canada (2011). "Population by broad age groups and sex, including median age, 1921 to 2011 for both sex (2011 Census)". Retrieved 2012-05-29. 
  7. ^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971–2008 (pdf pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57
  8. ^ "Canada Age structure". IndexMundi. 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-03. 
  9. ^ "Births and total fertility rate, by province and territory". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2013-01-01. 
  10. ^ "International Programs – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. Retrieved 2012-01-22. 
  11. ^ http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp[dead link]
  12. ^ "Parties prepare to battle for Immigrant votes". CTV.ca. 2010-03-14. Retrieved 2010-03-15. 
  13. ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2011-01-01. 
  14. ^ "Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) (2001 Census)". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-03-09. Retrieved 2011-01-01. 
  15. ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Data table". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2011-01-01. 
  16. ^ a b Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Select a geography
  17. ^ a b Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  18. ^ a b Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory, Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  19. ^ a b Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  20. ^ a b Columbia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  21. ^ a b Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  22. ^ a b Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory, Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  23. ^ a b Brunswick&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  24. ^ a b Brunswick&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Aboriginal Population Profile from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
  25. ^ a b and Labrador&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Province/Territory
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Further reading [edit]

Main article: Bibliography of Canada

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Demographics of Canada
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