Demyelinating disease

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Demyelinating disease
Classification and external resources
Photomicrograph of a demyelinating MS-Lesion. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 highlights numerous macrophages (brown). Orgininal Magnification 10x
ICD-10	G35.-G37., G61.0
ICD-9	340-341, 357.0
MeSH	D003711

A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.^[1] This impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves, causing impairment in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions depending on which nerves are involved.

The term describes the effect of the disease, rather than its cause; some demyelinating diseases are caused by genetics, some by infectious agents, some by autoimmune reactions, and some by unknown factors. Organophosphates, a class of chemicals which are the active ingredients in commercial insecticides such as sheep dip, weed-killers, and flea treatment preparations for pets, etc, will also demyelinate nerves.

Contents 1 Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system 2 Demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system 3 See also 4 References

[edit] Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

• multiple sclerosis (together with the similar diseases called idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases)
• transverse myelitis
• Devic's disease
• progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Optic neuritis

[edit] Demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system

• Guillain-Barré syndrome and its chronic counterpart, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
• anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

[edit] See also

• Multiple sclerosis borderline
• The Lesion Project (multiple sclerosis)
• The Myelin Project
• The Myelin Repair Foundation

[edit] References

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G00–G47, 320–349) Brain/ encephalopathy Inflammatory Encephalitis (Viral encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis) · Cavernous sinus thrombosis · Brain abscess (Amoebic) Degenerative Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Basal ganglia disease: Parkinsonism (Parkinson's disease, Postencephalitic parkinsonism)  · Neuroleptic malignant syndrome  · Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration · Progressive supranuclear palsy · Striatonigral degeneration · Hemiballismus · Huntington's disease · Olivopontocerebellar atrophy Dyskinesia: Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) · Chorea (Choreoathetosis)  · Myoclonus (Myoclonic epilepsy) Essential tremor  · Restless legs  · Stiff person Dementia Alzheimer's (Early-onset)  · Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (Pick's, Dementia with Lewy bodies) · Multi-infarct dementia Mitochondrial disease Leigh's Demyelinating autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Schilder's disease) · hereditary (Adrenoleukodystrophy, Alexander, Canavan, Krabbe, ML, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher, VWM, MFC, CAMFAK syndrome) · Central pontine myelinolysis · Marchiafava-Bignami disease  · Alpers' Episodic/ paroxysmal Seizure/epilepsy Focal  · Generalised  · Status epilepticus  · Myoclonic epilepsy Headache Migraine (Familial hemiplegic)  · Cluster  · Vascular  · Tension Vascular Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Cerebrovascular disease  · Stroke (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke) Sleep disorders Insomnia  · Hypersomnia  · Sleep apnea (Obstructive, Ondine's curse)  · Narcolepsy  · Cataplexy  · Kleine-Levin  · Circadian rhythm sleep  · Delayed sleep phase  · Advanced sleep phase CSF Intracranial hypertension (Hydrocephalus/Normal pressure, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension) · Cerebral edema · Intracranial hypotension Other Brain herniation · Reye's  · Hepatic encephalopathy  · Toxic encephalopathy Spinal cord/ myelopathy Inflammatory Myelitis: Poliomyelitis · Demyelinating disease (Transverse myelitis) · Tropical spastic paraparesis Other Syringomyelia · Syringobulbia · Morvan's syndrome · Vascular myelopathy (Foix-Alajouanine syndrome) · Spinal cord compression Both/either Inflammatory Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) Meningitis/Arachnoiditis: Bacterial (Tuberculous, Haemophilus, Pneumococcal) · Viral (Herpesviral) · Fungal (Cryptococcal) · Aseptic (Drug-induced) Meningoencephalitis Systemic atrophies SA Friedreich's ataxia · Ataxia telangiectasia MND UMN only: PLS · PP · HSP LMN only: PMA · PBP (Fazio-Londe, Infantile progressive bulbar palsy) · SMA (SMN-linked, Kennedy disease, SMAX2, DSMA1) both: ALS see also congenital, tumors

v • d • e Nervous system pathology, PNS (G50-G64, 350-357) Somatic Nerve, nerve root, plexus Cranial nerve disease V (Trigeminal neuralgia) · VII (Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven) · XI (Accessory nerve disorder) Radiculopathy, plexopathy brachial plexus (Brachial plexus lesion, Thoracic outlet syndrome) · Phantom limb Mono- neuropathy Upper limb median nerve (Carpal tunnel syndrome) ulnar nerve (Ulnar nerve entrapment, Froment's sign, Guyon's canal syndrome, Ulnar claw) radial nerve (Radial neuropathy, Wrist drop) long thoracic nerve (Winged scapula) Lower limb lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (Meralgia paraesthetica) · tibial nerve (Tarsal tunnel syndrome) · plantar nerve (Morton's neuroma) superior gluteal nerve (Trendelenburg's sign) General Causalgia · Mononeuritis multiplex Polyneuropathies/ Polyradiculoneuropathy HMSN Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease · Dejerine Sottas syndrome · Refsum's disease · Hereditary spastic paraplegia Autoimmune/demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome · Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Other Alcoholic polyneuropathy Dysautonomia, autonomic- neuropathy HSAN (I, II, III/Familial dysautonomia, IV/Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, V) · Horner's syndrome · Multiple system atrophy