Dendrophryniscus
| Dendrophryniscus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 |
| Type species | |
| Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
| |
| Species | |
|
16, see text | |
Dendrophryniscus is a genus of true toads in the family Bufonidae,[1][2] sometimes known as tree toads. They are endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.[1]
Taxonomy
Until 2012, the genus Dendrophryniscus included the species now separated to the genus Amazophrynella. This was based on molecular genetic evidence that indicated deep divergence between an Amazonian and an Atlantic Forest clade, the latter retaining the name Dendrophryniscus whereas the former was described as a new genus Amazonella,[3] later amended to Amazophrynella because of homonymy.
Description
The species of Dendrophryniscus are small to medium-sized toads measuring 15–47 mm (0.59–1.85 in) in snout–vent length. Their body form resembles those of the genus Atelopus. The hind limbs are well developed. The parotoid glands are absent, as are external tympana. The skin is uniformly granulose to warty. Dorsal coloration is cryptic.[3]
With the exception of Dendrophryniscus leucomystax, species of the genus Dendrophryniscus breed in phytotelmata. In contrast, species of the genus Amazophrynella are pond breeders, which is presumably an ancestral trait in bufonids.[3]
Species
The following species are recognized in the genus Dendrophryniscus:[1]
- Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae Izecksohn, 1994
- Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
- Dendrophryniscus carvalhoi Izecksohn, 1994
- Dendrophryniscus davori Cruz, Caramaschi, Fusinatto, and Brasileiro, 2019
- Dendrophryniscus haddadi Cruz, Caramaschi, Fusinatto, and Brasileiro, 2019
- Dendrophryniscus imitator (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
- Dendrophryniscus izecksohni Cruz, Caramaschi, Fusinatto, and Brasileiro, 2019
- Dendrophryniscus jureia Cruz, Caramaschi, Fusinatto, and Brasileiro, 2019
- Dendrophryniscus krausae Cruz and Fusinatto, 2008
- Dendrophryniscus lauroi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)
- Dendrophryniscus leucomystax Izecksohn, 1968
- Dendrophryniscus oreites Recoder, Teixeira, Cassimiro, Camacho, and Rodrigues, 2010
- Dendrophryniscus organensis Carvalho-e-Silva, Mongin, Izecksohn, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2010
- Dendrophryniscus proboscideus (Boulenger, 1882)
- Dendrophryniscus skuki (Caramaschi, 2012)
- Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi Izecksohn, 1994
References
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ a b c Fouquet, Antoine; Recoder, Renato; Teixeira, Mauro; Cassimiro, José; Amaro, Renata Cecília; Camacho, Agustín; Damasceno, Roberta; Carnaval, Ana Carolina; Moritz, Craig & Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and morphometric analyses reveal deep divergence between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest species of Dendrophryniscus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (3): 826–838. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.023. PMID 22166838.