Denti-alveolar consonant
| Places of articulation |
|---|
|
Labial |
| Bilabial |
| Labial–velar |
| Labial–coronal |
| Labiodental |
| Dentolabial |
|
Bidental |
|
Coronal |
| Linguolabial |
| Interdental |
| Dental |
| Denti-alveolar |
| Alveolar |
| Postalveolar |
| Palato-alveolar |
| Alveolo-palatal |
| Retroflex |
|
Dorsal |
| Palatal |
| Labial–palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular–epiglottal |
|
Radical |
| Pharyngeal |
| Epiglotto-pharyngeal |
| Epiglottal |
|
Glottal |
|
Peripheral |
| Tongue shape |
|
Apical |
| Laminal |
| Subapical |
|
Lateral |
| Sulcal |
|
Palatal |
| Pharyngeal |
|
See also: Manner of articulation |
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In linguistics, a denti-alveolar consonant is a consonant that is articulated with a flat tongue against the alveolar ridge and upper teeth, such as /t/ and /d/ (but not /l/ or /n/) in languages such as Spanish and French. That is, a denti-alveolar consonant is one that is alveolar and laminal.
Although denti-alveolar consonants are often labeled as "dental", because only the forward contact with the teeth is visible, it is the rear-most point of contact of the tongue that is most relevant, for this is what defines the maximum acoustic space of resonance and will give a consonant its characteristic sound.[1]
In the case of French, the rear-most contact is alveolar or sometimes slightly pre-alveolar. Spanish /t/ and /d/ are laminal denti-alveolar,[2] while /l/ and /n/ are alveolar (though they assimilate to a following /t/ or /d/). Similarly, Italian /t/, /d/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/ are denti-alveolar, while /l/ and /n/ are alveolar.[3]
The dental clicks are also laminal dental or alveolar.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al. (2003:257)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
[edit] References
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
