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Coordinates: 49°10′59″N 122°04′04″W / 49.18306°N 122.06778°W / 49.18306; -122.06778
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Deroche
Deroche is located in British Columbia
Deroche
Deroche
Location of Deroche in British Columbia
Coordinates: 49°10′59″N 122°04′04″W / 49.18306°N 122.06778°W / 49.18306; -122.06778
Country Canada
Province British Columbia
RegionFraser Valley
Regional districtFraser Valley
Area
 • Total
4.21 km2 (1.63 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total
141
 • Density33/km2 (87/sq mi)
Area codes604, 778, 236, & 672
Highways Highway 7

Deroche is an unincorporated community at the foot of Nicomen Mountain in the Fraser Valley region of southwestern British Columbia. Encompassing the northeastern part of Nicomen Island, the infrastructure is centred on the northern shore of Nicomen Slough.[1] The locality, on BC Highway 7, is by road about 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of Agassiz, 89 kilometres (55 mi) east of Vancouver, and 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Mission.

Name origin

In the early 1860s, Joseph Deroche, who primarily operated a freight business, discovered Nicomen Island was suitable for wintering his cattle.[2] The first resident on the northern part of the island, his farming involvement gradually increased and freighting phased out.[3] In 1868, he pre-empted 65 hectares (160 acres)[4] but focussed on another property during the late 1870s, which by the 1880s bordered the Nicomen train station.[5]

His main residence was about 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) due south of the present bridge.[6]

The early community, which straddled both sides of the slough, was originally called North Nicomen but was renamed Deroche in 1891.[7] Due south, on the southeastern shore of the island, was what would become known as Deroche Landing.[8]

When in his late nineties, Joseph died in 1922.[9]

Ferry, bridges, and roads

By the early 1890s, a steel cable guided[10] the toll ferry across the slough.[11] The site was on the Leqʼ a꞉ mel reserve, and Joe Kelly pulled the raft across by rope.[12]

The 1894 wooden bridge comprised three 13-metre (44 ft) spans,[13] but the approaches required immediate repair after the flood that year.[14] In 1897, the bridge height was raised and the approaches lengthened.[15] This structure was west of the present one.[12]

The 1901 bridge contained a 49-metre (160 ft) Howe truss, three 18-metre (60 ft) A trusses, and thirteen 6.1-metre (20 ft) spans.[6] This bridge was east of the present one. Centre Rd, now called Nicomen Island Trunk Rd, existed by 1908 but seasonally reverted to deep mud.[12]

In 1916, the Dewdney Trunk Road eastward from the Stave River to the Deroche bridge was completed. On the island, the road followed the south bank of the slough.[16]

During the 1920s, a bridge existed at the north end of Johnson Rd, which connected to a quarry.[17] In 1929, Lougheed Highway was built across the island and the slough road abandoned.[18][19]

In 1932, the Deroche bridge was rebuilt.[20] By 1937, the highway eastward was paved to Deroche.[21]

The replacement bridge built in 1957[22] was west of the previous structure.[23]

Earlier community

From the late 1880s, new settlers in the eastern Nicomen area were predominantly French-Canadian.[3][24]

Around 1890, the first Roman Catholic church building was erected on the northeast corner of Cooper Rd and the highway.[25] Ernest DesRochers was the inaugural postmaster 1891–1897.[26] He was a farmer and road worker, who lived near the church.[27] Apart from the Leqʼ a꞉ mel reserve to the west, the main core of Deroche was still undeveloped prior to William Charters receiving the land as part of a Crown grant in 1892. He sold the future townsite to Martha Pickles in 1893.[28]

Norman McLeod was the inaugural teacher 1893–1899 at the one-room school. The building was replaced in 1914 and extended in 1932.[29][30]

In 1900, the three Cooper brothers, Ashley, Austin, and Charles, arrived in the area. Austin D. Cooper ran a short-lived general store[31] and was postmaster 1901–1902. Charles J. Cooper was postmaster 1903–1947[26] and opened a large new store by 1906.[32] When Henry and Mary Park joined as partners in 1908, the name changed to the Nicomen Supply Store.[33]

In 1908, the Kelliher Sawmill was established between the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) track and the bridge,[34] where bunkhouses provided accommodation. That year, the community hall and a Chinese laundry opened.[35] Other businesses followed.[29] In 1909, Charles Cooper subdivided the townsite.[33]

In 1912, P.A. Wilson and M.J. Scanlon purchased the Kelliher Lumber Co mill. They formed Cottonwood Lumber Co., but defaulted on the mortgage in 1915.[36] A dam across the slough held logs. After bankruptcy during World War I, the mill buildings were taken down and machinery removed.[37]

In 1914, Cooper leased the general store/post office to the Murrays.[38] That year, St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church was rebuilt and the Presbyterians acquired the old school building. After moving it northeastward to a new site, services were being held within a couple of years.[39]

The 1917 fire gutted the store, community hall, and several residences.[37] Louisa Cooper rebuilt and ran the store, before leasing the business to C.F. Chamerlayne.[38] By the 1920s, apart from the descendants of a few families, the French-Canadians had left, replaced by Anglophones.[40] By 1922, the community hall had been rebuilt on a new site.[41] Grace Morton operated a small dry goods store from the front of her house 1922–1925.[42] In 1928, St. Stephen's Anglican church was consecrated.[43] About this time, Charles Cooper installed Imperial Oil gas pumps at his store and erected some tourist cabins.[44]

The large mill bunkhouse became the Deroche-Nicomen Farmers' Co-operative Store from the 1920s to the early 1930s.[45] A Shell station opened on the reserve. In 1931, a Home Oil station opened.[44] Murray and Winnefred Smith owned the Cooper store from the mid-1930s to the mid-1940s.[46]

By 1940, the United church (formerly Presbyterian) had closed.[47] Frank and Norah Staines opened the Bi-Rite Store in 1942, which new owner Vic Crosby converted into a coffee bar in 1947.[48] A 1945 fire destroyed the eastern end of the village. On reserve land purchased in 1946,[49] the present community hall opened in 1958.[50] The Bi-Rite reopened before closing finally in 1958. The disused Catholic church was demolished in 1957. The Anglican church closed in 1970.[51]

In 1995, the school was rebuilt.[52]

Railway

During the 1894 flood, the CP track was submerged for miles.[53]

In 1922, a westbound CP passenger train smashed into an automobile on a private railway crossing about 3 kilometres (2 mi) west. Two of Joseph Deroche's adult children were among the six occupants killed.[54][55]

Prior to highway milk tankers, the station was the collection point for milk and cream churns.[44]

Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop)
Mile 1912 1915 1916 1919 1929 1932 1935 1939 1943 1948 1954 1960
[56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [56] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67]
Agassiz 58.9 Reg Both Reg Reg Reg Both Reg Reg Reg Reg Reg Reg
Harrison Mills 68.1 Both Both Both Reg Reg Both Both Both Both Both Both
Deroche 75.4 a Both Both Both Both Reg Both Both Both Flag
Nicomen b 76.7 Both Both Both Reg Both Both Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Dewdney 81.5 Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Flag

^a . In 1911, CP erected a section foreman's house and station,[17] described as small.[68] This suggests an unofficial flag stop commenced at the time.

^b . A flag stop opened in 1883, but the line was not completed east to Yale until 1884.[69]

Later community

Census population:
Deroche
YearPop.±%
1951262—    
1956228−13.0%
1961125−45.2%
1966155+24.0%
197187−43.9%
1976115+32.2%
1981—    
1986394—    
1991238−39.6%
1996—    
2001—    
2006139—    
2011*217+56.1%
2016187−13.8%
2021141−24.6%
Source: Statistics Canada
[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]
* Revised figure

Central infrastructure includes a community hall, general store, garage/gas station, and other small commercial enterprises. In 2016, the Deroche Neighbourhood Plan was published.[78]

Deroche Elementary, the smallest in School District No. 75 (Mission), totals about 85 students, 65 per cent of whom are First Nations.[79]

The Leq'á:mel general store/gas station is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest.

In 2011, two Cessna 150s collided in mid-air near Mission. One safely landed, but the other finished upside down in the slough near Deroche, claiming the lives of the pilot and passenger.[80]

In 2015, the Carmel Hill Little Flower Monastery Formation House was built to the north.[81]

Water supply

In 1913, Charles Cooper channelled the first water supply from Burnbrae Creek.[17] During the 1930s, he diverted water from Deroche Creek, which was piped to the village. Halfway down, he installed a hydroelectricity plant.[82] The Deroche water system service area was established in 1992 by the Dewdney-Alouette Regional District, and later became a Fraser Valley Regional District service area after reorganization of regional district boundaries. The water system serves the community of Deroche, which is in Electoral Area G of the regional district. The system was originally operated as a private water system under a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity, and was taken over by DARD in 1993. At that time, Deroche Creek was used as the source, but several debris flow incidents within the watershed severely affected the creek, causing interruptions of supply as well as several water quality challenges for the system. As a result, in 1999–2000 several upgrades to the system were carried out. The system was changed over to a groundwater well source, dramatically improving water quality and supply reliability.[citation needed]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Deroche". BC Geographical Names.
  2. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 8.
  3. ^ a b Stewart, John Ray (1956). French Canadian settlement in British Columbia. library.ubc.ca (MA). pp. 41–42 (32–33).
  4. ^ Laing, F.W.. (1939). Colonial Farm Settlers on the Mainland of British Columbia 1858–1871: With an Historical Sketch. p. 49 (37). {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 9.
  6. ^ a b "Commissioner of Lands and Works annual report, 1901". library.ubc.ca. p. 51 (571).
  7. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 21.
  8. ^ "Commissioner of Lands and Works annual report, 1896". library.ubc.ca. p. 67 (359).
  9. ^ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 28 Mar 1922. p. 6.
  10. ^ "Commissioner of Land and Works annual report, 1891". library.ubc.ca. p. 41 (315).
  11. ^ "Public Accounts, 1892–93". library.ubc.ca. p. 77 (69).
  12. ^ a b c Sleigh 1983, p. 33.
  13. ^ "Commissioner of Lands and Works annual report, 1893". library.ubc.ca. p. 44 (826).
  14. ^ "Commissioner of Lands and Works annual report, 1894". library.ubc.ca. p. 56 (376).
  15. ^ "Commissioner of Lands and Works annual report, 1897". library.ubc.ca. p. 64 (364).
  16. ^ Sleigh 1983, pp. 43, 96.
  17. ^ a b c Sleigh 1983, p. 44.
  18. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 53.
  19. ^ "Minister of Public Works annual report, 1928–29". library.ubc.ca. p. 28 (S16).
  20. ^ "Minister of Public Works annual report, 1931–32". library.ubc.ca. p. M13.
  21. ^ Howell Jones, Gerald Ieuan (1966). A century of settlement change : a study of the evolution of settlement patterns in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. library.ubc.ca (MA). p. 110 (67).
  22. ^ "Minister of Highways Annual Report, 1956–57". library.ubc.ca. p. J94. and
    "Minister of Highways Annual Report, 1957–58". library.ubc.ca. p. G56.
  23. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 85.
  24. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 16.
  25. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 28.
  26. ^ a b "Postmasters". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  27. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 24.
  28. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 18.
  29. ^ a b "History of Deroche". wordpress.com. 4 Sep 2013.
  30. ^ Sleigh 1983, pp. 27, 46, 66.
  31. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 34.
  32. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 37.
  33. ^ a b Sleigh 1983, p. 38.
  34. ^ Sleigh 1983, pp. 38, 94.
  35. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 39.
  36. ^ "BC Reports". library.ubc.ca. 16 Jun 1916. pp. 574–575 (541–542).
  37. ^ a b Sleigh 1983, p. 49.
  38. ^ a b "Abbotsford Post". library.ubc.ca. 5 Apr 1918. p. 4.
  39. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 46.
  40. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 61.
  41. ^ Sleigh 1983, pp. 55–56.
  42. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 55.
  43. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 56.
  44. ^ a b c Sleigh 1983, p. 59.
  45. ^ Sleigh 1983, pp. 53–54.
  46. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 66.
  47. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 69.
  48. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 74.
  49. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 76.
  50. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 77.
  51. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 86.
  52. ^ "Deroche Elementary". missionarchives.com.
  53. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 30.
  54. ^ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 9 May 1922. p. 1.
  55. ^ "Abbotsford Post". library.ubc.ca. 12 May 1922. p. 1.
  56. ^ a b "Timetable". library.ubc.ca. 28 Apr 1935. p. 7 (TT 70).
  57. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 1 Dec 1912. p. 7 (TT85).
  58. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 27 Jun 1915. p. 128 (TT7).
  59. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 5 Sep 1916. p. 147 (TT11).
  60. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 30 Nov 1919. p. 171 (TT11).
  61. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 1929. p. 11 (TT10).
  62. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 25 Sep 1932. p. 461 (TT78).
  63. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 5 Feb 1939. p. 89 (TT7).
  64. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. 27 Jun 1943. p. 9 (TT7).
  65. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 5 Dec 1948. p. 9 (TT7).
  66. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 25 Apr 1954. p. 9 (TT7).
  67. ^ "Timetable". www.library.ubc.ca. 30 Oct 1960. p. 7 (TT7).
  68. ^ "Daily News". library.ubc.ca. 13 Mar 1912. p. 1.
  69. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 15.
  70. ^ "1956 Census" (PDF). us.archive.org. p. 60.
  71. ^ "1966 Census" (PDF). us.archive.org. p. 193 (189).
  72. ^ "1976 Census" (PDF). publications.gc.ca. p. 36 (28).
  73. ^ "1986 Census" (PDF). publications.gc.ca. p. 94 (79).
  74. ^ "1991 Census" (PDF). publications.gc.ca. p. 183 (175).
  75. ^ "2011 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  76. ^ "2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  77. ^ "2021 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  78. ^ "Deroche Neighbourhood Plan Report". pub-crd.escribemeetings.com. 4 Oct 2016.
  79. ^ "Chilliwack Progress". www.theprogress.com. 19 Jun 2020.
  80. ^ "City News". vancouver.citynews.ca. 10 Feb 2011.
  81. ^ "Carmel Hill Little Flower Monastery Formation House" (PDF). www.carmelhill.ca.
  82. ^ Sleigh 1983, p. 65.

References

  • Sleigh, Daphne (1983). Discovering Deroche: From Nicomen to Lake Errock. Self-published.
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