Desmoulin's whorl snail
| Desmoulin's whorl snail | |
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| Vertigo moulinsiana | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora clade Orthurethra |
| Superfamily: | Pupilloidea |
| Family: | Vertiginidae |
| Subfamily: | Vertigininae |
| Tribe: | Vertiginini |
| Genus: | Vertigo |
| Subgenus: | Vertigo |
| Species: | V. moulinsiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849)[2] |
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| Synonyms | |
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Desmoulin's whorl snail, scientific name Vertigo moulinsiana, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Vertiginidae, the vertigo snails.
This species was named after the early 19th century French naturalist, Charles des Moulins.
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[edit] Habitat
This species lives in marshes and swamps.
Desmoulin's whorl snail lives in calcareous wetlands, where there are tall sedges, saw-sedge (Cladium mariscus), reed-grass (Glyceria maxima) or the reed Phragmites australis.[3]
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[edit] Distribution
The distribution of this species is Atlantic (the part of the Palearctic area which is under the direct climatic influence of the Atlantic Ocean), and southern-European.[4]
This small snail occurs across Europe as far north as southern Sweden.[5]
Within Western Europe, only the populations in England (Great Britain) and Ireland are considered to be viable,[5] although further populations exist in the Czech Republic (critically endangered, occupying White Carpathians Biospehere Reserve, Kokořínsko Landscape Protected Area and Southern Moravia),[6][7][8] in Poland (critically endangered)[9] and elsewhere in Europe (for example: Netherlands,[10] France).[11] Its conservation status in the Czech Republic in 2004-2006 is favourable (FV) in the report for the European Commission in accordance with the Habitats Directive.[12] Its conservation status in Spain is endangered and it occurs in two localities only: near Estañá lake and near Lake of Banyoles.[13]
Distribution of other European countries include Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan.[1] Its distribution also include Algeria and Morocco.[1]
This species is mentioned in Annex II of the European Union's Habitats Directive.[14]
[edit] Shell description
The shell is dextral, minute, ovate, ventricose, obtuse at apex, smoothish, subperforate. Aperture is semiovate, 4-toothed: 1 tooth on the parietal wall, another on the columella, and two palatals, the lower one longer. The shell has 4 whorls, parted by a distinct suture, the last doubly larger than all the others together. Rather solid, glossy, subpellucid and of a uniform fulvous color.[15]
The shell of this species reaches about 3 mm tall. The shell is yellowish or brownish and translucent.[16]
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[edit] Status in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Desmoulin's whorl snail is listed as endangered, although it occurs in a number of areas in a band from Norfolk to Dorset, with outlying populations in Kent and the Llŷn Peninsula in North Wales[5] and has probably been under-reported in the past because of its minute size. Its presence on the site of the planned Newbury bypass caused the building of that road to be postponed; the building works were able to go ahead once the snails had been moved to a new habitat nearby. It is reported to have since died out at the new site,[17][18] but the same report states "Desmoulin's whorl snail is now considered less scarce than it was 10 years ago".
[edit] On a stamp
Deutsche Post featured V. moulinsiana on a 2002 German €0.51 postage stamp as part of a series on endangered species of animals.[19]
[edit] References
This article incorporates public domain text from reference [15].
- ^ a b c Steffek J. (1996). "Vertigo moulinsiana". 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22939/summ. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
- ^ Dupuy D. (1849). Catalogus extramarinorum Galliae testaceorum brevioribus specierum nondum descriptorum diagnosibus. pp. 1-4, p. 4, No. 248, Paris.
- ^ "Action plan for Vertigo moulinsiana". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. 2001–2007. http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=629. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ (Slovak) Lisický M. J. (1991). Mollusca Slovenska [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp.
- ^ a b c "SAC selection species account: Desmoulin's whorl snail". http://www.jncc.gov.uk/ProtectedSites/SACselection/species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1016.
- ^ (Czech) "Evropsky významné lokality v České republice". 2003. http://stanoviste.natura2000.cz/index.php?page=zivocich_detail&ZivocichID=132.
- ^ "Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic". 2006-07-14. http://mollusca.sav.sk/malacology/redlist.htm.
- ^ Beran L. (2006). "New records of Vertigo moulinsiana (Gastropoda: Vertiginidae) and notes on its distribution and habitats in the Czech Republic". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 5: 14–17. http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/5/5.Beran2.pdf.
- ^ Pokryszko B. M.. "Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849)". Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk. http://www.iop.krakow.pl/pckz/opis.asp?id=237&je=en.
- ^ (Dutch) "Vertigo moulinsiana". Stichting Anemoon. 2005. http://www.anemoon.org/anm/voorlopige-kaarten/landmollusken/wetenschappelijk/vertigo-moulinsiana.
- ^ (French) "Recherche de sites par espèce : Invertébrés : Vertigo moulinsiana (Vertigo moulinsiana)". Ministère de l’écologie et du développement durable. 2007. http://natura2000.environnement.gouv.fr/especes/1016.html.
- ^ (Czech) Dušek J., Hošek M. & Kolářová J. (2007). "Hodnotící zpráva o stavu z hlediska ochrany evropsky významných druhů a typů přírodních stanovišť v České republice za rok 2004-2006". Ochrana přírody 62(5): appendix 5:I-IV.
- ^ Ramos M. A. (1998). "Implementing the habitats directive for mollusc species in Spain". Journal of Conchology, Molluscan Conservation: A Strategy for the 21st Century, Special Publication 2: 125-132.
- ^ "Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora". Official Journal of the European Union (European Union) L 206: 0007–0050. 1992-07-22. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:HTML.
- ^ a b Pilsbry H. A. & Cooke C. M. (1918-1920). Manual of Conchology. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 25. Pupillidae (Gastrocoptinae, Vertigininae). Philadelphia. page 178.
- ^ "Vertigo moulinsiana". ARKive. http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/invertebrates_terrestrial_and_freshwater/Vertigo_moulinsiana/more_info.html. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ "Concern for Newbury bypass snail". BBC News. 2006-07-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5217558.stm.
- ^ Weaver M. (2006-07-27). "End of the road for protected snail". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/conservation/story/0,,1831682,00.html.
- ^ (German) Bartl A.. "Bauchige Windelschnecke". http://www.briefmarken-archiv.de/brd/01/2002/a020602.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
