Development as Freedom

Development as Freedom is a book focused on international development written by economist Amartya Sen.

Background

Amartya Sen posits that all individuals are endowed with a certain set of capabilities while it is simply a matter of realising these capabilities that will allow a person to escape from poverty and their state of 'unfreedom'.^{[citation needed]} Sen questions a fundamental assumption of development economics, arguing that income poverty should not be the single most important factor in determining development.^{[citation needed]} Sen argues that in spite of a world of sheer abundance, there simultaneously exist populations living in a state of 'unfreedom', unable to realise their capabilities.^{[citation needed]}

Sen attempts to expand the basic interpretations of freedom by examining five elemental forms of instrumental freedoms: political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security. These forms of freedom are complementary, remaining interrelated and inextricable. For Sen, these freedoms constitute not only the means, but also the ends in development. Poverty, Sen asserts, should be seen "as a deprivation of basic capabilities, rather than merely as low income" (Sen, 1999), contesting the general belief amongst economists who view income as the be all and end all of development.

He was praised by the Prize Committee for bringing an "ethical dimension" to a field recently dominated by technical specialists. Based on the example of the former Soviet Union, Sen argued that political liberties are necessary for sustainable development. He also compared the development strategies of India and China, arguing that Indian democratic processes provide a firmer guarantee of long term stable growth. Sen argued against the notion that a specific set of "Asian values" exists that might provide a justification for authoritarian regimes.

See also

• Human development theory

References

• Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999.

• Tungodden, Bertil. A Balanced View of Development as Freedom. Chr. Michelsen Institute Working Papers Series. Available on-line at http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/?953=a-balanced-view-of-development-as-freedom