Dextrocardia

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Chest X ray of a person with Dextrocardia showing the cardiac apex facing the right

Dextrocardia refers to the heart being situated on the right side of the body. Dextrocardia Situs Inversus refers to the heart being a mirror image situated on the right side. For all visceral organs to be mirrored, the correct term is Dextrocardia Situs Inversus Totalis.

Dextrocardia is believed^[1] to occur in approximately 1 in 12,019^{[citation needed]} people, while one of 30 of these will have Situs Inversus. Totalis occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 of Dextrocardia Situs Inversus.

Kartagener’s Syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 25 of Totalis. This disorder affects the sinus and bronchial cilia causing constant sinus and bronchial symptoms that medication can not rectify. With Kartagener’s both are usually present all year rather than being seasonal.

Although statistically people with Dextrocardia Situs Inversus do not have any medical problems from the disorder, some are prone to a number of bowel, esophagus, bronchial and cardiac problems. Some of these conditions can be life threatening if left unchecked.

ECG leads must be placed in reversed positions on a person with Dextrocardia. In addition, when defibrillating someone with dextrocardia, the pads should be placed in reverse positions. That is, instead of upper right and lower left, pads should be placed upper left and lower right.

"Technical dextrocardia" refers to the apparent presentation of dextrocardia caused usually by inadvertently swapping the limb leads on a 12 lead ECG. Usually this would show as an extreme axis deviation.

[edit] References

• MedEd at Loyola GrossAnatomy/thorax0/Heart_Development/Dextrocardia.html
• Overview at rch.org.au

[edit] External links

• Dextrocardia at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases
• Dextrocardia with situs inversus at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases

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