Adapalene
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxy-phenyl] naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Differin, Teva, Pimpal, Gallet, Adelene |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a604001 |
| Pregnancy cat. | C |
| Legal status | POM (UK) ℞-only (US) |
| Routes | Topical |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Very low |
| Excretion | Biliary |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 106685-40-9  |
| ATC code | D10AD03 |
| PubChem | CID 60164 |
| DrugBank | APRD00780 |
| ChemSpider | 54244 |
| UNII | 1L4806J2QF |
| KEGG | D01112 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:31174 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1265 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C28H28O3 |
| Mol. mass | 412.52 g/mol |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne and is also used (off-label) to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions.[1]
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[edit] History
Adapalene was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of acne.[citation needed]
[edit] Available forms
In the United States, adapalene is available under the brand name Differin in three different preparations: 0.1% cream, 0.1% gel, and 0.3% gel.[2] As of June 2010, a 0.1% gel is also available under the generic name Teva.[3][4] In Europe, only the 0.1% cream and 0.1% gel are available. In Pakistan, adapalene is available under the brand names Pimpal by Brookes Pharmaceuticals,and Gallet by Pharma Health Pakistan, Pimpal is in the form of 0.1% gel whereas gallet is in cream. In India it is available under the trade name Adelene with 0.1 % Adapalene and 1 % Clindamycin phosphate.[citation needed]
[edit] Pharmacology
[edit] Drug interactions
Adapalene has been shown to enhance the efficacy of topical clindamycin, although adverse effects are also increased.[5] Application of adapalene gel to the skin 3–5 minutes before application of clindamycin enhances penetration of clindamycin into the skin, which may enhance the overall efficacy of the treatment as compared to clindamycin alone.[6]
Unlike tretinoin (Retin-A), adapalene has also been shown to retain its efficacy when applied at the same time as benzoyl peroxide due to its more stable chemical structure.[7]
[edit] Pharmacodynamics
The exact mechanism of action is unknown. Adapalene in small concentrations is supposedly a moderator of differentiation of follicular epithelial cells, keratinization, and inflammatory processes. It has both exfoliating and anti-inflammatory effects.[8]
[edit] Pharmacokinetics
Absorption of adapalene through the skin is low. A study with six acne patients treated once daily for five days with two grams of adapalene cream applied to 1000 cm² of skin found no quantifiable amounts, or less than 0.35 ng/mL of the drug, in the patients' blood plasma.[8]
[edit] References
- ^ Rolewski S (2003). "Clinical review: topical retinoids". Dermatol Nurs 15 (5): 447–50, 459–65. PMID 14619325. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/464026.
- ^ About Differin
- ^ "Teva Introduces Adapalene Gel, 0.1%". PharmQD. 4 June 2010. http://www.pharmqd.com/pharmacy-news/teva-introduces-adapalene-gel-01. Retrieved 30 Aug. 2011.
- ^ Webber, Keith (2 June 2010). "FDA Approval Letter". Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.tevausa.com/assets/base/products/fda/Adap_090962.pdf. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
- ^ Wolf JE, Kaplan D, Kraus SJ, et al. (2003). "Efficacy and tolerability of combined topical treatment of acne vulgaris with adapalene and clindamycin: a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded study". J Am Acad Dermatol 49 (3 Suppl): S211–7. doi:10.1067/S0190-9622(03)01152-6. PMID 12963897.
- ^ Jain GK, Ahmed FJ (2007). "Adapalene pretreatment increases follicular penetration of clindamycin: in vitro and in vivo studies". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 73 (5): 326–9. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.34010. PMID 17921613.
- ^ Martin B, Meunier C, Montels D, Watts O (October 1998). "Chemical stability of adapalene and tretinoin when combined with benzoyl peroxide in presence and in absence of visible light and ultraviolet radiation". Br J Dermatol 139 Suppl 52: 8–11. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.1390s2008.x. PMID 9990414.
- ^ a b "DIFFERIN® (adapalene) Cream, 0.1% Label". FDA. May 25, 2000. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20748lbl.pdf. Retrieved 4 Oct. 2011.
[edit] External links
- Differin product insert
- Adapalene General Information, Patient Information, Contraindications and Interactions
- Epiduo Prescribing Information
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