Direct fluorescent antibody

Direct FA stained mouse brain impression smear reveals the presence of the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. 400X.

Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA or dFA) (also known as "Direct immunofluorescence") It is called a Direct Fluorescence Antibody test because it directly tests the presence of antigen with a tagged antibody, unlike western blotting, which uses an indirect method of detection, where the primary antibody binds the target antigen, with a secondary antibody directed against the primary, and a tag or reported attached to the secondary antibody.

Commercial DFA testing kits are available, which contain fluorescently labelled antibodies, designed to specifically target unique antigens present in the bacteria or virus, but not present in mammals (Eukaryotes). This technique can be used to quickly determine if a subject has a specific viral or bacterial infection.

In the case of respiratory viruses, many of which have similar broad symptoms, detection can be carried out using nasal wash samples from the subject with the suspected infection. However, all though shedding cells in the respiratory tract can be obtained, it is often in low numbers, and so an alternative method can be adopted, where compatible cell culture can be exposed to infected nasal wash samples, so if the virus is present it can be grown up to a larger quantity, which can then give a clearer positive or negative reading.

As with all types of fluorescence microscopy, the correct absorption wavelength needs to be determined in order to excite the fluorophore tag attached to the antibody, and detect the fluorescence given off, which indicates which cells are positive for the presence of the virus or bacteria being detected.

Direct fluorescent antibody can also be used to detect parasitic infections, as was pioneered by Sadun, et al. (1960).

See also

• Immunofluorescence

External links

• MeSH Direct+Fluorescent+Antibody+Technique