List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films

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During the 45 year long run of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, a number of stories have been proposed but, for a variety of reasons, never fully produced. Below is a list of unmade serials which the BBC had intended to produce, were submitted by recognised professional writers, or have been the subject of a feature in Doctor Who Magazine or other professional periodicals or books.

Such serials exist during the tenure of each of the ten incarnations of the Doctor. The reasons for the serials being incomplete include strike action, which caused the partially filmed Shada to be abandoned, actors leaving roles, such as The Final Game, which was cancelled after Roger Delgado's death, and the series being put on hiatus twice - once in 1985, and again in 1989, causing the serials planned for the following series to be shelved.

The plots of the unmade serials also vary. A theme of a civilisation where women are dominant was proposed twice: once for The Hidden Planet / Beyond the Sun, and again for The Prison in Space. In some cases, elements of unmade serials were adapted, or were moved from one serial to another; for example, The Song of the Space Whale was intended to be the introduction of Vislor Turlough, until it was repeatedly set back, leading Mawdryn Undead to be Turlough's first appearance.

Contents

[edit] First Doctor

[edit] The Giants

The first serial of the series was originally to be written by C. E. Webber,[1] and would concern the four main characters (at that point named as the Doctor, Cliff, Lola and Biddy) being shrunk to a "miniature size" and attacked by giant animals. The episode would have revealed that the Doctor had escaped from "his own galaxy" in the year 5733, seeking a perfect society in the past, and that he was pursued by agents from his own time who sought to prevent him from stopping their society from coming into being.[2]

The story was rejected in June 1963 on the grounds that the story was too thin on characterisation and that the giant monsters would be clichéd and too expensive to produce. Much of the setup was retained for An Unearthly Child, though the details about the Doctor's home were removed. The story's premise was reused for a submission by Robert Gould which was to be the fourth serial, but this story was dropped in January 1964.[3] The third attempt to use a miniaturisation story was accepted for the second series opener, Planet of Giants.[4]

[edit] The Masters of Luxor

The Masters of Luxor by Anthony Coburn was a six-episode script submitted for the first series, but never produced, in which the Doctor and his companions have to stop a legion of robots. Titan Books published the teleplay in 1992.[5]

[edit] Farewell Great Macedon

Farewell Great Macedon (also known as Alexander the Great in the script's early stages) was a story planned for the first series and was written by Moris Farhi. Moris Farhi completed the script for a full six-part serial in which the Doctor and his companions are framed for murder as part of a conspiracy to kill Alexander the Great and must pass a number of trials, including walking on hot coals, to gain the trust of his bodyguard, Ptolemy.[6][7]

[edit] The Red Fort

Terry Nation had intended for his second serial to be set during the British Raj in India, but the story was ultimately abandoned as the Daleks became a success, and demand for further adventures grew.[8]

[edit] The Hidden Planet / Beyond The Sun

The Hidden Planet, aka Beyond The Sun by Malcolm Hulke was at one point to be the second serial of the second series.[1] The story would have concerned a planet in an orbit opposite Earth's, with a parallel but in some ways opposite society to ours; for example, women were to be the dominant sex. The original script was sent back for rewrites, and due to a pay dispute the rewrites were not made until after Susan had left the series; this necessitated further rewriting. A third submission was similarly rejected as Ian and Barbara were due to leave, and the script was dropped.[1]

Beyond The Sun had been a working title for The Daleks. The idea of a "twin planet" for Earth was used in The Tenth Planet, which was another suggested title for this story, and a female-dominated society was used as background details for a race called the Drahvins in the 1965 serial "Galaxy 4", and would be proposed again in the unmade The Prison in Space.[9]

[edit] Second Doctor

[edit] The Imps

Planned as the fifth or sixth serial of the fourth series, The Imps by William Emms was to concern a space station overrun by Imp-like aliens and aggressive alien vegetation.[1] Again, the script had to be rewritten to accommodate a new companion, in this case Jamie. Due to sickness on the part of Emms, this took so long that further rewrites were needed to explain the loss of Ben and Polly. Emms eventually reused elements of the story to write Mission to Venus, a Choose Your Own Adventure-style story featuring the Sixth Doctor.[1]

[edit] The Prison in Space

The Prison in Space by Dick Sharples returned to the idea of a female-dominated planet.[9] The Doctor and Jamie were to be imprisoned, and Zoe was to start a sexual revolution and then be brainwashed. The story was intended to inject humour into the show, and was to feature Jamie in drag and end with the Doctor deprogramming Zoe by smacking her bottom. The serial was rewritten to accommodate Frazer Hines' desire to leave, and again when he decided to stay. The production team became unhappy with the serial, and when Sharples refused to perform further rewrites, the serial was dropped and replaced by The Krotons.[9]

[edit] Third Doctor

[edit] The Daleks in London

This was to be the finale of the ninth series in 1972. Little is known about the exact storyline of this proposed serial, other than the fact that it was written by Robert Sloman and would have had some similarities to The Dalek Invasion of Earth, except set in contemporary London. This similarity caused the production team some concern, and producer Barry Letts eventually decided that he would rather start the series with a Dalek adventure instead of ending it with one. An unrelated submission by Louis Marks was therefore rewritten into Day of the Daleks, and The Time Monster was commissioned to replace the original series finale.[6]

[edit] The Final Game

The Third Doctor's final story was to be The Final Game by Robert Sloman.[6] The story was to feature the Master, and to reveal that he and the Doctor were two aspects of the same individual: the Doctor being the ego - the intellectual part - while the Master was the id - the instinctive, violent part. The story was to end with the Master dying in a manner which suggested that he was trying to save the Doctor's life.[10] However, the actor who played the Master, Roger Delgado, was killed in a car accident in Turkey mid-1973, forcing the scrapping of the story.[11] The story was replaced by Planet of the Spiders.[6]

[edit] Fourth Doctor

[edit] Killers of the Dark

Having successfully realised the Doctor's home planet of Gallifrey on screen in The Deadly Assassin, producer Graham Williams commissioned another Gallifrey story from writer David Weir. Weir's script, a 6-part story, would have concluded Series Fifteen in 1978. Weir's script, titled Killers of the Dark, included elements drawn from Asian cultures, and included a race of cat-people native to Gallifrey. However, script editor Anthony Read and director Gerald Blake, upon reading the finished script, determined that it would be impossible to shoot on Doctor Who's budget; the story included scenes such as a gladiatorial duel in a stadium filled with cat-people. Therefore, with only two weeks to spare before filming, Read and Williams quickly co-wrote a replacement script, The Invasion of Time. When asked about Weir's story at a fan convention years later, Williams could not recall its title and made up the name "The Killer Cats of Geng Singh", by which title the story became widely known in fan circles.[1]

[edit] Shada

Main article: Shada

Shada was a six-episode serial written by Douglas Adams that was to have concluded the 17th series in 1980. Production was halted during filming due to a strike and never resumed, although a reconstruction of the serial using narration and existing footage was later released on VHS; the story was later remade as a webcast production featuring Paul McGann's Eighth Doctor and a Big Finish audio story also featuring the Eighth Doctor.[12] Douglas Adams himself reused elements from the serial for his first Dirk Gently book Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency.[13]

[edit] Fifth Doctor

[edit] Project Zeta Sigma

The Fifth Doctor's original first story was to be called Project Zeta Sigma, written by John Flanagan and Andrew McCulloch. It was not intended to follow on directly from the events of Logopolis; instead, the Doctor and his companions would have already left Earth. The story was to concern nuclear disarmament.[14] The script proved unworkable, and producer John Nathan-Turner commissioned Logopolis writer Christopher H. Bidmead to write a replacement, Castrovalva. This also disrupted the shooting schedule, and Castrovalva was the fourth serial filmed, though it was the first transmitted.[14]

[edit] The Song of the Space Whale

The Song of the Space Whale was intended to introduce new companion Vislor Turlough in the third serial of Season Twenty. The story concerned a group of people living in the belly of a giant whale in space.[15] The Doctor would find this out while attempting to protect the creature from being slaughtered by a rusting factory ship. The castaways living in the whale, as well as the ship's captain, would be working class characters, with the former's dialogue being based on that of a working class Northern Irish family that Mills knew. [16]

The script was originally pitched by 2000 AD author Pat Mills and his writing partner John Wagner in 1980 as a Fourth Doctor story. Although the script editor at the time, Anthony Read, was not interested in the story, Mills and Wagner continued to update the script. The script was commissioned as a Fifth Doctor story in December 1982, but Wagner left the project and Mills' disagreements with new script editor Eric Saward led to the script being delayed until it was too late to serve as Turlough's introductory story. The script was considered for series 21 and 22, and was at one point in competition with the script that would be televised as Vengeance on Varos,[17] but it was ultimately rejected in July 1985.[15]

During the writing, Mills and Saward "fundamentally disagreed" on the character of the captain (Saward wanting a more Star Trek type figure) and the dialogue for the castaways. Mills has said "there was a Coronation Street quality to it that Eric felt didn't work in space. He thought the future would be classless, and I didn't."[18]

This story will be adapted for audio by Big Finish Productions as part of their 'Missing Season 23' series. Colin Baker and Nicola Bryant will star as the the Sixth Doctor and Peri. [19]

[edit] May Time / Manwatch

After the success of Snakedance, Eric Saward requested that writer Christopher Bailey devise another story. May Time, later renamed Manwatch, was submitted on August 24th 1983 and was to be a third Mara story.[20] However, the script was not taken beyond the submission stage.[20]

[edit] Sixth Doctor

[edit] Planned 1986 serials

When Doctor Who was put on hiatus following the 1985 series, several scripts were already being prepared with others in the story-outline stage. All of these scripts were abandoned to make way for The Trial of a Time Lord when the series resumed, but three of them - The Nightmare Fair, The Ultimate Evil and Mission to Magnus - were subsequently novelized by Target Books. Two other stories, "Yellow Fever, and How to Cure It" and "Gallifrey", were commissioned and the few details known about them are given below.

Other stories put forward for this series included The Hollows of Time, a two-part story by Christopher H. Bidmead;[21] a two-part script of unknown title submitted by Bill Pritchard;[21] and The Children of January, a two-part script by Michael Feeney Callan which was submitted in competition against Pritchard's script for the final available serial of the series.[21]

[edit] Yellow Fever, and How to Cure It

This three-part story by Robert Holmes was to have taken place in Singapore and featured the Autons as the monsters with either The Rani, The Master, or both appearing. Holmes reportedly only completed a story outline before the series was canceled.[22]

[edit] Gallifrey

A Pip and Jane Baker script was commissioned that reportedly would have dealt with the destruction of Gallifrey; this script was replaced by the Trial of a Time Lord arc.[22] The concept of Gallifrey's destruction would be incorporated into the Doctor's back story beginning in the 2005 series.[23]

[edit] Trial of a Time Lord candidates

Several scripts were commissioned for possible use as the third, four-episode segment of the Trial of a Time Lord story arc, a position ultimately taken by the serial Terror of the Vervoids. These included Attack from the Mind by David Halliwell, set on the planet Penelope, which went through several drafts in consideration of becoming a segment of the Trial arc but was ultimately dropped;[24] a two-part story by Jack Trevor Story set alongside Halliwell's story that was likewise ultimately dropped; [25] Pinacotheca (a.k.a. The Last Adventure) by Christopher H. Bidmead;[24] and Paradise Five by P.J. Hammond, creator of Sapphire and Steel. Paradise Five would have seen the Doctor and new companion Mel going undercover to expose sinister doings on a holiday pleasure planet.[26] Hammond would become a writer for spin-off series Torchwood in 2006, and wrote another episode for its 2008 series.

[edit] Mel introduction story

According to his book Doctor Who: The Companions (published at about the time Trial of a Time Lord was broadcast) series producer John Nathan-Turner states he intended to chronicle the Doctor's first meeting with Melanie Bush in a later episode, presumably during Series 24.[27] The subsequent dismissal of Colin Baker from the role of the Doctor rendered this potential storyline moot, although the later novel Business Unusual would attempt to fill in this gap in the show's continuity.[28]

[edit] The Missing Season 23

Big Finish Productions have announced plans to adapt several unused scripts from 1985-1986 into a series of audio plays titled 'The Missing Season 23'. Colin Baker and Nicola Bryant will star as the Sixth Doctor and Peri. The series will include:

  1. The Nightmare Fair by Graham Williams, adapted by John Ainsworth
  2. Mission to Magnus by Phillip Martin
  3. Leviathan by Brian Finch, adapted by Paul Finch
  4. The Hollows of Time by Christopher H Bidmead
  5. The Macros by Ingrid Pitt
  6. Point of Entry by Barbara Clegg and Marc Platt
  7. Paradise 5 by PJ Hammond and Andy Lane
  8. The Space Whale by Pat Mills

Barbara Clegg wrote a detailed story breakdown for Point of Entry, which Marc Platt has turned into a complete script. PJ Hammond wrote an incomplete script for Paradise 5, which has been completed and adapted for audio by Andy Lane. Phillip Martin, Christopher H Bidmead and Pat Mills have revised their own scripts, with Bidmead describing his revision as a 'top-to-bottom rewrite'. Paul Finch approached Big Finish with a complete script that his father Brian had written for Season 22 in 1985. The story was completely unknown to Big Finish before this.[19]

[edit] Seventh Doctor

[edit] Shrine

Writer Marc Platt proposed a serial for series 26 inspired by Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace,[29] concerning aliens looking for their God-King in Tsarist Russia. His idea was rejected in favour of another story that became "Ghost Light."

[edit] Series 27 and beyond

Before the original Doctor Who series was cancelled, some plans had been made for the following series. The opening story[30] for the series was to be Earth Aid by Ben Aaronovitch, a space opera featuring a race of samurai insect-like aliens called the Metatraxi.[31][32] Earth Aid was to open with Ace in the captain's chair of a starship[30][31] and the story would concern the politics of humanitarian aid.'[31] The story was originally conceived as a stage play which had been titled Doctor Who - The Ultimate Adventure[30] and War World.[31] The Metatraxi were later used in Lawrence Miles' spin-off novel Alien Bodies.[33]

The next story,[30] provisionally titled Ice Time, was to feature Ice Warriors in 1960s London,[30][34] and would have seen the departure of Ace to the Prydonian Academy to become a Time Lord.[30][34][35] The story was to introduce Sam Tollinger,[30] a character with underworld connections who was intended to become a recurring character similar to the Brigadier.[34][30] The plot would have featured an Ice Warrior's armour in the London Dungeon and two reincarnated Warriors continuing a long rivalry. Marc Platt also intended to have bikers being controlled by the Ice Warriors (and wearing similar helmets), scenes on a terraformed pastoral Mars, and a more mystical bent to the aliens while deepening their history. [36]

The following story, Crime of the Century,[30] was to be written by Andrew Cartmel. It would have introduced Sam's daughter Kate, a cat burglar and safecracker, as the next companion.[34][30] Julia Sawalha was among those considered for the role.[30] The story was also intended to feature drug smuggling and a house on Earth as a base for the Doctor,[30] ideas which Cartmel would use in his Virgin New Adventures novel, Cat's Cradle: Warhead.[37]

McCoy was to leave the show in Alixion by Robin Mukherjee,[38][30] in which the Doctor would be lured to an isolated asteroid to play a series of life-or-death games and in which the Doctor would be driven insane, leading to his regeneration,[39] with Richard Griffiths being considered for the role of the new Doctor.[40][30]

Other serials under consideration, submitted, or commissioned included Night Thoughts by Ed Young, a horror story set on an isolated island;[30][39] Illegal Alien by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry, a 1940s cybermen story;[30] A School For Glory by Tony Etchells, set during The Great War;[30][39] Avatar by David A. McIntee, a Lovecraftian horror;[30] and Hostage by Neil Penswick, a futuristic thriller.[30]

[edit] The Dark Dimension

For the series' 30th anniversary in 1993, BBC Enterprises planned a made-for-TV movie titled The Dark Dimension. The film was to feature an alternative timeline in which the Fourth Doctor never regenerated, and involve cameo appearances for the other remaining Doctors.[41] The writers intended Rik Mayall to play the part of the villain, Hawkspur.[42]

The production did not occur, in part due to problems between the BBC and BBC Enterprises, and the difficulty in coordinating the short appearances of the other actors. Instead, the anniversary was celebrated with the light-hearted and presumably "non-canonical" charity special, Dimensions in Time.[43]

[edit] Eighth Doctor

[edit] Amblin stories

Early in the process that was to lead to the 1996 Doctor Who film, Amblin Entertainment produced a writers' bible which detailed John Leekley's proposed pilot and episodes of a new series.[44] The new series would have established a new continuity rather than following on from the classic series,[44] and the bible reused many elements from the classic series. It is unclear whether clearance could have been obtained for all the episodes detailed, as the costs would likely have fallen to the BBC.[44] The pilot was to feature the half-human Doctor seeking his father, Ulysses, through various time periods: contemporary Gallifrey, where Borusa dies and is merged with the TARDIS, and the Master becomes leader of the Time Lords; England during the Blitz; Ancient Egypt; and Skaro where the Daleks are being created.[45].

Other proposed episodes in the bible included The Pirates, in which the Doctor teams up with Bluebeard,[46] and several remakes of episodes of the classic series including The Talons of Weng-Chiang, set in New York;[46] Earthshock, featuring the "Cybs", the proposed series more piratical version of the Cybermen;[46] Horror of Fang Rock;[46] The Celestial Toymaker, who was to be under the control of the Master;[47] Don't Shoot, I'm the Doctor, a more historically-accurate[48] remake of The Gunfighters;[47] Tomb of the Cybs, a remake of Tomb of the Cybermen in which the Cybs are awoken by the Master;[47] The Yeti, a remake of The Abominable Snowmen featuring the Dalai Lama and Sir Edmund Hillary;[47] and The Ark in Space.[47]

Earlier versions of the bible included The Cybs, a story set on Mars in which the Doctor escapes capture by hiding in a gold mine;[49] a remake of The Sea Devils set in a Louisiana oil rig;[49] The Outcasts, in which the Cybs are attacking Gallifreyan outcasts;[49] The Land of Fear, remakes of The Reign of Terror and The Claws of Axos;[50] a remake of The Daemons set in Salem, Massachusetts;[50] and a make of Shada which would introduce Romana and Professor Chronotis as her uncle.[50]

Leekley's scripts were not well-received at Amblin or elsewhere, and in September 1994 he was removed from the project.[51]

[edit] Tenth Doctor

[edit] Stephen Fry script

The revived Doctor Who series was to feature a script by Stephen Fry, set in the 1920s. Rumours appeared on the BBC's websites shortly after the airing of the first new series[52] and the episode was pencilled in to be the tenth episode of the second series.[9] According to a video diary entry by David Tennant, Fry attended the very first cast read-through for the 2006 series, indicating his script was still under consideration at that time.[53] However, due to budgetary constraints the episode was moved to the third series, being replaced by "Fear Her", and subsequently abandoned as Fry did not have spare time,[54] in particular for the rewriting necessary to replace Rose with Martha.[9] Fry said, "They asked me to do a series[55] and I tried, but I just ran out of time, and so I wrote a pathetic letter of 'I'm sorry I can't do this' to Russell Davies."[56]

[edit] Television spin-offs

During its run, several Doctor Who spin-offs have been proposed, including one featuring Professor Litefoot and Henry Gordon Jago from The Talons of Weng Chiang,[57] and a children's show featuring "Young Doctor Who" which was vetoed by Russell T. Davies and replaced by The Sarah Jane Adventures.[58]

[edit] The Destroyers

In the mid-1960s, Daleks creator Terry Nation wrote a 30-minute teleplay entitled The Destroyers as a possible pilot episode for an American-produced spin-off of Doctor Who. Like Doctor Who, the untitled series would have had a serial format and focus on the adventures of the SSS, an organization that finds itself battling the Daleks. Lead characters included agents Captain Jack Corey, David Kingdom, his sister Sara Kingdom and an android named Mark Seven. Although never produced, elements of this teleplay (and in particular the character of Sara Kingdom) would later be used in the serial The Daleks' Master Plan.[59]

[edit] K-9 and Company

Elisabeth Sladen was approached to return to the series as Sarah-Jane Smith, but resisted the offer.[60] Following the outcry after K-9 was removed from the show, producer John Nathan-Turner proposed a spin-off featuring the two characters.[60] A single episode, "A Girl's Best Friend", was produced as a pilot for a proposed series, and broadcast by BBC1 as a Christmas special on December 28, 1981, but the series was not taken up. The basic premise of a series centred on Sarah Jane Smith was reused in The Sarah Jane Adventures just over 25 years later.

[edit] Rose Tyler: Earth Defence

When it was decided that Billie Piper would leave the series at the end of the 2006 series, executive producer and head writer Russell T. Davies considered giving her character Rose Tyler her own 90-minute spin-off production, Rose Tyler: Earth Defence, with the possibility of such a special becoming an annual Bank Holiday event. The special would have picked up from Rose's departure in Doomsday in which Rose joins the Torchwood Institute of a parallel Earth and the title is a play on what the Doctor says when she tells him. The special was officially commissioned by Peter Fincham, the Controller of BBC One, and assigned a production budget. Davies changed his mind while filming Piper's final scenes for series two of Doctor Who, later calling Earth Defence "a spin-off too far" and deciding that for the audience to be able to see Rose when the Doctor could not would spoil the ending of "Doomsday", and the production was cancelled. Davies said Piper had been told about the idea, but the project ended before she was formally approached about starring in it.[61] The plot element of Tyler working with Torchwood to defend the earth would be revisited towards the end of the 2008 series.

[edit] Proposed films

In the mid-1960s, two motion pictures starring Peter Cushing were produced based upon the television series. Since then, there have been periodic further attempts to adapt Doctor Who as a feature film:

[edit] The Chase

Cushing's human (as opposed to Time Lord) version of the character, Dr. Who, appeared in two films, Dr. Who and the Daleks, which was a major box-office success in America (years before the television series aired there) and was based upon the televised serial The Daleks, and Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, based upon the serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth. This second film failed to replicate the box office success in America of the first film, and as a result plans for a third Cushing film, this time an adaptation of the serial The Chase, were cancelled.[62]

[edit] Doctor Who Meets Scratchman

During spare time in filming, Tom Baker and Ian Marter (who played Harry Sullivan in the series and later novelised several Doctor Who scripts for Target Books) wrote a script for a Doctor Who film, Doctor Who meets Scratchman. The script, sometimes titled Doctor Who and the Big Game,[63] saw the Doctor encounter the Daleks, meet the Devil, and at times Vincent Price and Twiggy were associated with the production.[64] The finale of the film was to have taken place on a giant pinball table, the holes in the table being portals to other dimensions. During his tenure as the Fourth Doctor, Baker repeatedly tried to attract funding for the film. At one point, he received substantial donations from fans, but after taking legal advice he was forced to return them. The plans were eventually dropped.[64]

[edit] Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen

During the Fourth Doctor era, future Doctor Who script editor Douglas Adams at one point prepared a submission for a Doctor Who film, Doctor Who and the Krikkitmen.[65] Elements of Krikkitmen were used in the Key to Time story arc, for which Adams wrote a teleplay, and the story was reworked as the third Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy book Life, the Universe and Everything.[65]

[edit] Interregnum film proposals

As the original Doctor Who series was nearing its end, and continuing during the first interregnum (1989-1996), numerous attempts were made to adapt the series for the big screen, for the first time since the Peter Cushing films of the 1960s. Jean-Marc Lofficier, in his book The Nth Doctor, profiles a number of film proposals, some of which came close to being produced. Ultimately, however, the only film version of Doctor Who produced to date has been the 1996 made-for-TV film which was developed as a continuation of the TV series rather than a reboot or reimagining of the concept.[66]

Among the script proposals profiled by Lofficier are several submissions by Space: 1999 alumnus, Johnny Byrne, plus others by Robert DeLaurentis, Adrian Rigelsford, John Leekley, Mark Ezra, and Denny Martin Flynn.[66] Several proposals included as a major plot element the destruction of Gallifrey and the Doctor acting as the last Time Lord; these plot elements later resurfaced when the series was revived for television in 2005.[23]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Sullivan 2006a.
  2. ^ Sullivan 2006b.
  3. ^ Sullivan 2006c.
  4. ^ Sullivan 2006d.
  5. ^ Dixon 2006.
  6. ^ a b c d Sullivan 2006e.
  7. ^ Barnes 2000.
  8. ^ Sullivan 2006g.
  9. ^ a b c d e Sullivan 2006f.
  10. ^ Cornell, Day & Topping 2003a.
  11. ^ "Roger Delgado". H2G2. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2430181. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 
  12. ^ Big Finish Productions. "Shada". http://www.bigfinish.com/index.asp?function=DISPLAYPRODUCT&productid=391. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 
  13. ^ Sullivan 2008.
  14. ^ a b Sullivan 2004a.
  15. ^ a b Sullivan 2004b.
  16. ^ Interview with Mills in Deathray #12
  17. ^ Preddle 2006.
  18. ^ Deathray #12
  19. ^ a b Richardson 2009, pp. 9.
  20. ^ a b Sullivan 2005.
  21. ^ a b c Howe, Stammers & Walker 1993, p. 208.
  22. ^ a b Howe, Stammers & Walker 1993, pp. 207-208.
  23. ^ a b "The End of the World". Writer Russell T. Davies, Director Euros Lyn, Producer Phil Collinson. Doctor Who (Cardiff: BBC, BBC One). 2005-04-02. 
  24. ^ a b Howe, Stammers & Walker 1993, p. 211.
  25. ^ BBC - Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide - Series 23
  26. ^ Howe, Stammers & Walker 1993, pp. 211-212.
  27. ^ Nathan-Turner 1986.
  28. ^ Russell, Gary (1997). Business Unusual. BBC Books. ISBN ISBN 0-563-40575-9. 
  29. ^ Ghost Light
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Owen 1997.
  31. ^ a b c d Molesworth 2007, 26:00.
  32. ^ Sullivan 2007b.
  33. ^ Miles, Lawrence (1997). Alien Bodies. BBC Books. ISBN ISBN 0-563-40577-5. 
  34. ^ a b c d Kuzmarskis 1999a.
  35. ^ Molesworth 2007, 29:40.
  36. ^ Doctor Who Magazine #306
  37. ^ Cartmel, Andrew (1992). Cat's Cradle: Warhead. BBC Books. ISBN ISBN 0-426-20367-4. 
  38. ^ Molesworth 2007, 35:00.
  39. ^ a b c "Bat Granny" 2007.
  40. ^ BBC 2007.
  41. ^ Kuzmarskis 1999b.
  42. ^ Hickman 2006b, p. 29.
  43. ^ Sullivan 2007a.
  44. ^ a b c Segal 2000, p. 42
  45. ^ Segal & 2000 pp64-67
  46. ^ a b c d Segal 2000, p. 53
  47. ^ a b c d e Segal 2000, p. 54
  48. ^ Segal 2000, p. 60
  49. ^ a b c Segal 2000, p. 55
  50. ^ a b c Segal 2000, p. 56
  51. ^ Segal 2000, p. 68
  52. ^ BBC News 2005.
  53. ^ Tennant 2006.
  54. ^ Lyon 2006.
  55. ^ It's unclear what Fry means by "series", which has several different meanings in the UK pertaining to television production.
  56. ^ Oatts 2007.
  57. ^ Cornell, Day & Topping 2003b.
  58. ^ Russell 2006, p. 252.
  59. ^ Peel & Nation 1988, pp. 195-196.
  60. ^ a b "K9 and Company". British Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/k9/detail.shtml. Retrieved on 2008-09-19. 
  61. ^ BBC News 2006.
  62. ^ Peel & Nation 1988, pp. 99-100.
  63. ^ Bettoli-Lotten 2007.
  64. ^ a b Hickman 2006a.
  65. ^ a b Gaiman, Dickson & Simpson 2003.
  66. ^ a b Lofficier 1997.

[edit] Bibliography

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