List of domesticated animals

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This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans[1] . The list includes species or larger formal and informal zoological categories that include at least some domesticated individuals.

To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behavior, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations. Animals included in this list that do not fully meet this criterion are designated "captive-bred" or "semi-domesticated".


Species Date Location of Origin Purpose
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) 15000 BC [2] East Asia meat, hunting, transportation, companionship
Sheep (Ovis aries) between 9-11000 BC[3] [4] Southwest Asia Wool, meat, milk
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) 10000 BC [5] Iran milk, meat
Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) 9000 BC[6] Near East, China meat, companionship
Cow (Bos primigenius taurus) 8000 BC[7][8] India, Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa meat, milk, soil fertilization, muscle
Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) 8000 BC India milk, soil fertilization, muscle
Cat (Felis catus) 7500 BC [9][10][11][12] Near East Pest control, companionship
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) 6000 BC[13] India and Southeast Asia meat, feathers, eggs
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) 5000 BC[14] Peru meat, companionship
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) 5000 BC[15][16] Egypt muscle
Domesticated duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) 4000 BC China meat/fat
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) 4000 BC India, China muscle, meat
Honey bee 4000 BC Multiple places honey
Horse (Equus ferus caballus) 4000 BC[17] Eurasian Steppes transportation, muscle, milk
Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) 4000 BC Arabia transportation, muscle, milk
Llama (Lama glama) 3500 BC Peru transportation, muscle
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) 3000 BC China silk
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) 3000 BC[18] Russia Meat, milk, muscle, antlers
Rock pigeon (Columba livia) 3000 BC Mediterranean Basin
Goose (Anser anser domesticus) 3000 BC[19] Egypt meat/fat, feathers
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) 2500 BC Central Asia milk, transportation
Yak (Bos grunniens) 2500 BC Tibet milk, muscle,meat
Asian Elephant 2000 BC Indus Valley civilization muscle, transportation
Banteng (Bos javanicus) Unknown Southeast Asia, Java Island meat, milk, muscle
Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) Unknown Southeast Asia meat, muscle
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) 1500 BC Peru milk, transportation
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) 1500 BC- Europe hunting, companionship
Muscovy Duck (Cairina momelanotus) Unknown South America meat/fat
Guineafowl Unknown Africa
Common carp Unknown East Asia meat
Domesticated turkey 500 BC Mexico, United States meat, feathers
Goldfish Unknown China companionship
European Rabbit 1600 Europe meat, companionship
Fallow Deer 1000 BC Mediterranean Basin meat, antlers
Indian Peafowl 500 BC India
Barbary Dove 500 BC North Africa
Japanese Quail (see Quail) 1100–1900 Japan meat
Canary 1600 Canary Islands, Europe companionship
Mandarin Duck Unknown China meat,fat
Mute Swan 1000–1500 Europe
Fancy rat 1800s UK
Fox 1800s Europe hunting, companionship, fur
Mink 1800s Europe fur
Budgerigar 1850s Europe
Cockatiel 1870s Europe
Zebra Finch 1900s Australia
Hamster 1930s United States companionship
Silver Fox 1950s Soviet Union
Muskox 1960s United States muscle, meat, milk
Corn Snake 1960s United States
Ball Python 1960s
Hissing Cockroach 1960s
Red Deer 1970s New Zealand
Hedgehog 1980s United States

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://archaeology.about.com/od/dterms/a/domestication.htm
  2. ^ See Origin of the domestic dog
  3. ^ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3. 
  4. ^ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2. 
  5. ^ Melinda A. Zeder, Goat busters track domestication (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000, (English).
  6. ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression., April 2000, (English).
  7. ^ Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.
  8. ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], (French).
  9. ^ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
  10. ^ "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9500-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus". National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06. 
  11. ^ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
  12. ^ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
  13. ^ West B. and Zhou, B-X., Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication, World’s Poultry Science Journal, 45, 205-218, 1989, quotationPDF (26.3 KiB), 8 p. (English).
  14. ^ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge
  15. ^ Beja-Pereira, Albano et al., African Origins of the Domestic Donkey, Science 304:1781, 18 June 2004, cited in New Scientist, (English).
  16. ^ Roger Blench, The history and spread of donkeys in AfricaPDF (235 KiB) (English).
  17. ^ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
  18. ^ Domestication of Reindeer
  19. ^ Geese: the underestimated species
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