List of domesticated animals
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This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans.[1] The list includes species or larger formal and informal zoological categories that include at least some domesticated individuals. It includes livestock, poultry, companion animals and working animals.To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behavior, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations. Animals included in this list that do not fully meet this criterion are designated "captive-bred" or "semi-domesticated".
[edit] List of all domestics
| Species | Wild ancestor | Date | Location of Origin | Purpose | Picture | Degree and type of domestication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Wolf | between 30,000 BC and 15,000 BC[2][3] | Eurasia | Meat, companionship |  |
tame; significant physical and behavioral changes |
| Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) | Asiatic Mouflon | between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC[4][5] | Southwest Asia | fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum |  |
Domesticated |
| Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) | Wild Boar | 9000 BC[6] | Near East, China | meat, leather, companionship |  |
Domesticated |
| Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) | Wild Goat | 8000 BC [7] | Iran | milk, meat, fibre |  |
Domesticated |
| Cattle (Bos primigenius taurus) | Aurochs (extinct) | 8000 BC[8][9] | India, Middle East, and North Africa | meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization | Domesticated | |
| Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) | Aurochs (extinct), possibly Gaur | 8000 BC | India | meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |  |
|
| Cat (Felis silvestris catus) | African Wildcat | 7500 BC [10][11][12][13] | Near East | pest control, companionship |  |
tame, some physical changes |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | Red Junglefowl | 6000 BC[14] | India and Southeast Asia | meat, eggs, feathers, companionship |  |
Domesticated |
| Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | Montane Guinea Pig | 5000 BC[15] | Peru | meat, companionship |  |
|
| Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) | African Wild Ass | 5000 BC[16][17] | Egypt | transportation, power, meat |  |
Domesticated |
| Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | Mallard | 4000 BC | China | meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs |  |
|
| Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | Wild Asian Water buffalo | 4000 BC | India, China | power, meat, milk |  |
|
| Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) | Various | 4000 BC | Multiple places | honey, wax, pollination |  |
|
| Horse (Equus ferus caballus) | Wild horse | 4000 BC[18] | Eurasian Steppes | meat, transportation, power, milk |  |
tame, some physical changes |
| Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) | Wild Dromedary Camel | 4000 BC | Arabia | transportation, power, milk, meat | .JPG) |
|
| Silkworm (Bombyx mori) | Silkworm | 3000 BC | China | silk, food |  |
|
| Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) | Reindeer | 3000 BC [19] | Russia | meat, milk, transportation, antlers |  |
|
| Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia) | Rock Dove | 3000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | show, messenger, meat |  |
some physical changes |
| Goose (Anser anser domesticus), (Anser cygnoides domesticus) | Greylag Goose, Swan Goose | 3000 BC,
1000 BC (Swan Goose) |
Egypt,
Eastern Asia (Swan Goose) |
meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs, guarding |  |
|
| Yak (Bos grunniens) | Wild Yak | 2500 BC | Tibet | milk, transportation, power, meat, fibre |  |
|
| Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) | Wild Bactrian Camel | 2500 BC | Central Asia | milk, transportation, power, meat |  |
|
| Llama (Lama glama) | Guanaco | 2400 BC [20] | Peru | transportation, power, meat |  |
|
| Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) | Vicuña | 2400 BC [20] | Peru | milk, transportation, fibre, meat |  |
|
| Domesticated guineafowl (Numida meleagris) | Helmeted Guineafowl | 2400 BC [21] | Africa | meat, eggs |  |
|
| Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) | Wild Asian Elephant | 2000 BC | Asia | power, transportation |  |
semidomesticated |
| Java Sparrow (Padda oryzivora) | Java Finch, Java Rice Bird | Ming Dynasty | China | companionship |  |
|
| Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | European Polecat, Steppe Polecat | 1500 BC | Europe | hunting, companionship |  |
|
| Fancy mouse (Mus musculus) | House Mouse | 1100 BC | China | companionship, research |  |
tame, significant physical changes |
| Fallow Deer (Dama dama) | Fallow Deer | 1000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | meat, antlers |  |
|
| Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) | Muscovy Duck | 700–600 BC [20] | South America | meat, fat |  |
|
| Cochineal Insect (Oactylopius coccus) | Cochineal Insect | 700–500 BC [20] | Chile, Mexico | red dye | _04_ies.jpg) |
|
| Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) | Indian Peafowl | 500 BC | India | show, feathers, meat |  |
|
| Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria) | African Collared Dove | 500 BC | North Africa | show |  |
|
| Parrots, Parakeets and Love birds (order: Psittaciformes) | Uncertain[22] | 300 BC | Multiple places | companionship, show, talking bird |  |
|
| Banteng (Bos javanicus) | Wild Banteng | Unknown | Southeast Asia, Java Island | meat, milk, power |  |
|
| Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) | Gaur | Unknown | Southeast Asia | meat, power |  |
|
| Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) | Mandarin Duck | Unknown | China | meat, fat |  |
|
| Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa) | Common Starling | ancient times[23] | India, Australia | companionship, talking bird | _on_Kapok_(Ceiba_pentandra)_in_Kolkata_W_IMG_4297.jpg) |
Raised in Captivity |
| Roman Snail (Helix pomatia) | Helix pomatia | 100 AD? | Europe | meat |  |
|
| Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) | Wild Turkey | 180 [20] | Mexico, United States | meat, feathers |  |
|
| Stingless Bee (Melipona beecheii) | Melipona beecheii | 180 [20] | Mexico, Amazon Basin | honey |  |
semidomesticated |
| Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) | Prussian Carp | 300–400 | China | companionship |  |
some physical changes |
| Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | European Rabbit | 600 [24] | Europe | meat, pelt, fibre, companionship | .jpg) |
|
| Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) | Mute Swan | 1000–1500 | Europe | meat |  |
|
| Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) | Japanese Quail | 1100–1900 | Japan | meat, companionship | -1.JPG) |
|
| Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | Common carp | 1200–1500 | Europe, East Asia | meat, show (koi) |  |
|
| Canary (Serinus canaria) | Atlantic Canary | 15th century | Canary Islands, Europe | companionship |  |
|
| Fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus) | Brown Rat | 19th century | UK | companionship, research |  |
|
| American Mink (Neovison vison) | American Mink | 19th century | North America | fur |  |
|
| Ostrich (Struthio camelus) | Ostrich | 19th century | Africa | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat |  |
semidomesticated |
| Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | Budgerigar | 1850s | Australia | companionship |  |
|
| Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | Cockatiel | 1870s | Australia | companionship |  |
|
| Chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla), (Chinchilla lanigera) | Short-tailed chinchilla, Long-tailed chinchilla | 1930s | Andes | companionship, fur, research |  |
|
| Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) | Zebra Finch | 20th century | Australia | companionship |  |
|
| Turquoise Parrot (Neophema pulchella) | Turquoise Parrot | 20th century | Australia | companionship, show |  |
|
| Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Dwarf Hamsters | Syrian Hamster, Dwarf Hamsters | 1930s | Syria | companionship, research |  |
|
| Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) | Red Fox | 1950s | Soviet Union | pelt, research, companionship |  |
tame, some physical changes |
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) | African clawed frog | 1950s | South Africa | companionship, research |  |
|
| Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata) | Diamond Dove | Australia | companionship |  |
||
| Ball Python (Python regius) | Ball Python | 1960s | Africa | companionship |  |
|
| Central Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) | Central Bearded Dragon | 1970s | Australia | companionship |  |
slight physical changes |
| Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus) | Eclectus Parrot | 1980s | Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands | companionship |  |
|
| Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) | Greater Rhea | 20th century | South America | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat |  |
Semidomesticated |
| Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) | Emu | 1990s | Australia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat |  |
Semidomesticated |
| Degu (Octodon degus) | Degu | 1990s | Chilean Andes | companionship, research |  |
|
| Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) | Gerbil | 1950s | Africa and Asia | companionship, research |  |
|
| Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) | Green Iguana | 1990s | South America | companionship |  |
|
| Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) | Axolotl | 20th century | Mexico | research, companionship |  |
slight physical changes |
| Andean Marsupial Tree Frog (Gastrotheca riobambae) | Andean Marsupial Tree Frog | 20th century | Ecuadorian Andes | companionship, research |  |
|
| Australian Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea) | Australian Green Tree Frog | late 20th century | Australia | companionship |  |
|
| Argentine Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata) | Argentine Horned Frog | late 20th century | Argentina | companionship | 1.JPG) |
|
| Cranwell's horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) | Cranwell's Horned Frog | late 20th century | Argentina | companionship |  |
|
| Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) | Leopard gecko | Southeast to central Asia | companionship |  |
slight physical changes |
[edit] References
- ^ Animal Domestication - Table of Dates and Places of Animal Domestication
- ^ [http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/10/dog-domestication-in-aurignacian -c.html Dienekes' Anthropology Blog : Dog domestication in the Aurignacian (c. 32kyBP])
- ^ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27240370/ MSNBC : World's first dog lived 31,700 years ago, ate big]
- ^ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3.
- ^ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2.
- ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). "The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics 154 (4): 1785–91. PMC 1461048. PMID 10747069. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10747069.
- ^ Melinda A. Zeder, [http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
- ^ [http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.]
- ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], (French).
- ^ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
- ^ [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus"]. National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ West B., Zhou B-X. (1989). [http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf "Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication"] (PDF). World’s Poultry Science Journal 45 (3): 205–18. doi:10.1079/WPS19890012. http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf.
- ^ [http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge]
- ^ Beja-Pereira, Albano, et al. (18 June 2004). "African Origins of the Domestic Donkey". Science 304 (1781). doi:10.1126/science.1096008. PMID 15205528. [New Scientist Lay summary].
- ^ Roger Blench, [http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]PDF (235 KB)
- ^ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
- ^ Domestication of Reindeer
- ^ a b c d e f D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. [http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]
- ^ Guinea Fowl
- ^ Wright, T.F.; Schirtzinger E. E., Matsumoto T., Eberhard J. R., Graves G. R., Sanchez J. J., Capelli S., Muller H., Scharpegge J., Chambers G. K. & Fleischer R. C. (2008). "A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous". Mol Biol Evol 25 (10): 2141–2156. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn160. PMC 2727385. PMID 18653733. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2727385.
- ^ http://www.writers-free-reference.com/10pets.htm
- ^ Interesting Rabbit Domestication History
