Dross
Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal(s).
With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling, removed some dross.[1] With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. Dross can also be skimmed off.
Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; aluminium dross, for example, can be recycled and is used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.[2]
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Etymology and usage [edit]
The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals. By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.[3] Dregs[3] and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related.[4] Metallurgical dross is referenced as a metaphor for worthless material in the Bible and in other religious texts.[note 1] TF2Dross
See also [edit]
Notes [edit]
- ^ In the Book of Ezekiel 22 v 18 : "Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.",[5] in the Book of Proverbs,[6] and in the Book of Mormon (Alma 32:3 ) "Therefore they were poor; yea, they were esteemed by their brethren as dross..".[7]
References [edit]
- ^ [David. S.] (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 91. ISBN 0-521-09418-6
- ^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (2006), Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th ed.), SME, p. 1406, ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.
- ^ a b "Dross". www.etymologyonline.com.
- ^ Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. W & R Chambers. 1875. p. 142.
- ^ Ezekiel 22:18. "The Bible (King James version)". www.biblegateway.com.
- ^ Proverbs 25:4. "The Bible (King James version)". www.biblegateway.com.
- ^ Alma 32:3. "The Book of Mormon". http://lds.org/scriptures/.
External links [edit]
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Look up dross in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling
- Herbert F. Lund. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook. Chapter 37.23: United Kingdom: European Union Directive Precipitates Aluminum "Dross" Recycling.
- Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement
- DrosRite Aluminum Recycling Process
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