Quinoline Yellow WS
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The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Europe and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (January 2012) |
| Quinoline Yellow WS[1] | |
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Sodium 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)quinolinedisulfonate |
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Other names
Food Yellow 13, D&C Yellow No. 10, Acid yellow 3, Quinidine Yellow KT, Japan Yellow 203, Lemon Yellow ZN 3, C.I. 47005 |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 8004-92-0  , [80583-08-0] |
| PubChem | 24671 |
| ChemSpider | 23070 |
| UNII | 35SW5USQ3G |
| EC number | 305-897-5 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C18H13NO5/8/11S1/2/3Na1/2/3 |
| Molar mass | 477.38 g/mol |
| Appearance | Greenish yellow powder |
| Melting point |
150 °C (decomp.) |
| Solubility in water | 4 g/100 mL |
| Hazards | |
| R-phrases | R22 |
| S-phrases | S24/25, S28, S37, S45 |
| Main hazards | Harmful (Xn) |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
Quinoline yellow, Quinoline Yellow WS, C.I. 47005, or Food Yellow 13, is a yellow food dye. Chemically it is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione.
The color Quinoline Yellow SS (Spirit Soluble), which lacks the sulfonate groups, is a related form that is insoluble in water.
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[edit] Uses
Quinoline Yellow is used as a greenish yellow food additive, designated in Europe as the E number E104.[2]
[edit] Health effects
A study commissioned by the UK's Food Standards Agency found that a mixture of food colors and preservatives increased levels of hyperactivity and decreased levels of intelligence in children,[3][4] but it is unclear which component of the mixture may be responsible for the effects.[5] Quinoline yellow is one of the colors that the Hyperactive Children's Support Group recommends be eliminated from the diet of children.
UK ministers have agreed that six colorings will be phased out by 2009.[6]
EFSA has decided on 2009-09-23 to tighten the allowed Acceptable Daily Intake for Quinoline Yellow WS from 10 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight per day. It has been reported to cause genotoxicity[7], dermatitis [8], urticaria and rhinitis[citation needed]. The color additive can also increase the intake of aluminium beyond the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg/week. Therefore the limit for aluminum may become adjusted to accommodate for this. Also the EFSA panel noted that the JECFA limit for lead is ≤ 2 mg/kg whereas the European Commission limit is ≤ 10 mg/kg.[9]
[edit] References
- ^ Entry at chemicalland21.com
- ^ "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers", Food Standards Agency website, retrieved 15 Dec 2011
- ^ Myomancy, 7 September 2007
- ^ Artificial colourings as harmful as leaded petrol for children, Graham Tibbetts, Telegraph, 7 April 2008
- ^ Do food dyes affect kids' behavior?, Melinda Fulmer, Los Angeles Times, October 13, 2008.
- ^ BBC bbc.co.uk - Ministers agree food colour ban 12 November 2008
- ^ PubMed.gov - The evaluation of the genotoxicity of two commonly used food colors: Quinoline Yellow (E 104) and Brilliant Black BN (E 151) 2004
- ^ ChemicalLand - QUINOLINE YELLOW
- ^ "EFSA ::. Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive". http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1211903028587.htm. 091113 efsa.europa.eu
