EMD 645

An EMD 12-645E3 turbocharged engine, installed in an Iarnród Eireann 071 class locomotive

The EMD 645 family of diesel engines was designed and manufactured by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors. Intended primarily for locomotive, marine and stationary engine use, one 16-cylinder version powered the 33-19 "Titan" prototype haul truck designed by GM's Terex division.

Chronologically, the 645 series falls between the earlier 567 series and the later 710 series. First introduced in 1965, the EMD 645 series is still in production on a by-request basis. The EMD 645 engine series is currently supported by Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc., which purchased the assets of the Electro-Motive Division from General Motors in 2005.

History

Developed from the earlier 567 series engines, the 645 series engines entered production in 1965. Compared to the 567 series engines bore of eight and one-half inches, the 645 series have a larger bore of nine and one-sixteenth inches while maintaining the same stroke.

The 645 series engines have an engine speed of 900 Revolutions Per Minute compared to the 800/835 RPM of the 567 series.

EMD built an SD40 demonstrator (number 434) in July 1964 to field test the 16-645E3 engine. EMD built another eight SD40 demonstrators (numbers 434A through 434H) and a GP40 demonstrator (number 433A) in 1965. In December 1965 and January 1966 EMD built the first three SD45 demonstrators (numbers 4351 through 4353) to field test the 20-645E3 engine.

When the 645 engine entered production in 1965, it was used in EMD's 40 series (GP40, SD40) in 3,000 horsepower (2,200 kW), sixteen-cylinder form and in the SD45 in 3,600 horsepower (2,700 kW), twenty-cylinder form.

Specification

All 645 engines are two-stroke 45 degree V-engines. Each cylinder is of 645 cubic inches (10.57 liters) displacement, hence the name; with a bore of nine and one-sixteenth inches (230.2 mm), a stroke of ten inches (254 mm) and a compression ratio of 14.5:1. Cylinders in each V-pair are directly opposite each other, necessitating "fork" connecting rods for one bank of cylinders as all rods are always in compression throughout both cycles (competitor General Electric uses "articulated" connecting rods as all rods are alternately in compression or tension throughout the four cycles). The engines are fitted with either a single or twin roots blower, or a mechanically assisted turbocharger, depending on required power output.

• Rotation (facing rear of engine): Counterclockwise
• Firing order
  • Eight cylinder: 1, 5, 3, 7, 4, 8, 2, 6
  • Twelve cylinder: 1, 12, 7, 4, 3, 10, 9, 5, 2, 11, 8, 6
  • Sixteen cylinder: 1, 8, 9, 16, 3, 6, 11, 14, 4, 5, 12, 13, 2, 7, 10, 15
  • Twenty cylinder: 1, 19, 8, 11, 5, 18, 7, 15, 2, 17, 10, 12, 3, 20, 6, 13, 4, 16, 9, 14
• Exhaust valves: Four per cylinder
• Main bearings
  • Eight cylinder: 5
  • Twelve cylinder: 7
  • Sixteen cylinder: 10
  • Twenty cylinder: 12
• Fuel injection: Unit injector with needle valve
• Engine starting
  • AC traction generator: Dual electric starting motors
  • DC traction generator: Generator field
• Weight (E3B turbocharged models)
  • Eight cylinder: 22,050 pounds (10.0 tonnes)
  • Twelve cylinder: 28,306 pounds (12.8 tonnes)
  • Sixteen cylinder: 36,425 pounds (16.5 tonnes)
  • Twenty cylinder: 43,091 pounds (19.5 tonnes)

Versions

ID	Number of cylinders	Induction	Max rpm	Power (hp)	Power (MW)	Introduced	Use
8-645C	8	Roots blower		1100	0.8		EMD G18AR, NZR DBR class
6-645E	6	Roots blower	900	750	0.6	1967	Victorian Railways Y class (G6B)
8-645E	8	Roots blower	900	1000	0.75	1966	SW1000, SW1001, V/Line P class, Victorian Railways T class (3rd series) / H class, CIE 201 Class (rebuilt)
8-645E	8	Turbocharger	900	1500	1.1	1982	GP15T, MP15T
12-645E	12	Roots blower	900	1500	1.1	1968	GM G22 Series, CIE 001 Class (rebuilt)
16-645E	16	Roots blower	900	2000	1.5	1966	GP38, GP38-2, SD38, SD38-2, NSB Di 4, NSWGR 422 Class, Victorian Railways X class (2nd & 3rd series) EMD G26
8-645E3	8	Turbocharger	900	1650	1.2
12-645C	12	Roots blower		1650	1.2		EMD G22AR, NZR DC class
12-645E3	12	Turbocharger	900	2300	1.7	1968	GP39, GP39-2, SD39, CIE 071, EMD GT22,
16-645E3	16	Turbocharger	900	3000	2.2	1965	GP40, GP40-2, GP40P, GP40P-2, GP40TC, SD40, SD40A, SD40-2, SD40T-2, SDP40, SDP40F, F40PH, Australian National BL Class, GT26CW, DSB Class MZ (series I–II)
20-645E3	20	Turbocharger	900	3600	2.7	1965	SD45, SD45-2, F45, FP45, EMD DDM45, DSB Class MZ (series III–IV)
16-645E3A	16	Turbocharger	950	3300	2.5	1969	DDA40X (dual engine), RENFE Class 333
20-645E3A	20	Turbocharger	950	4200	3.1	1970	SD45X
8-645E3B	8	Turbocharger	904	1514-1666	1.1-1.2		Proposed
12-645E3B	12	Turbocharger	904	2380-2570	1.8-1.9		JT22CW, V/Line A class
16-645E3B	16	Turbocharger	904	3195-3390	2.4-2.5		F40C, V/Line G class (original), DSB Class ME
20-645E3B	20	Turbocharger	904	3765-3960	2.8-3.0		SD45T-2
12-645E3C	12	Turbocharger		2510	1.8		V/Line N class
16-645E3C	16	Turbocharger	904	3300	2.5		British Rail Class 59
16-645E4	16	Turbocharger	900	3300	2.46	1973	Terex 33-19 "Titan" haul truck
16-645F	16	Turbocharger		3500	2.6	1977	GP40X, GP50, SD40X, SD50
12-645F3B	12	Turbocharger	954	2800	2.1		GP49, V/Line G class (rebuilt)
16-645F3B	16	Turbocharger	904	3600	2.7		FT36HCW-2-Korail 7000 Series; MPI MPXpress MP36PH-3S and -3C

See also

• EMD 567
• EMD 710
• EMD 265

References

• Pacific Southwest Railway Museum. The History of EMD Diesel Engines. Retrieved on May 11, 2005.
• John's Alaska Railroad Page. Locomotive roster. Retrieved on September 8, 2006.
• victorianrailways.net Y class d/e locomotives. Retrieved on October 17, 2006.

External links

• The History of EMD Diesel Engines