E number

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For the base of the natural logarithm, see e (mathematical constant). For the base-10 exponential notation, see E notation. For E-road numbers, see International E-road network.
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E numbers are number codes for food additives that have been assessed for use within the European Union (the "E" prefix stands for "Europe") [1][clarification needed]. They are commonly found on food labels throughout the European Union.[2][citation needed] Safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority.[3][clarification needed] The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee[4] though only a subset of the INS additives are approved for use in the European Union. E numbers are also encountered on food labelling in other jurisdictions, including the GCC, Australia, New Zealand and Israel. The "E" prefix is omitted in Australia and New Zealand. They are increasingly (though still rarely) found on North American packaging, especially in Canada.

In casual language in the UK and Ireland, "E number" is used as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E numbers" even though most of the (natural) ingredients contain components that also have an E number[citation needed] (e.g. Vitamin C (E300) or lycopene (E160d), the colour in tomatoes). To have a diet without any components that have an E number is basically impossible. "Free of E numbers" thus refers mainly to the lack of additives, not to the absence of components with an E number.

Contents

[edit] Classification by numeric range

100–199
Colours		 100–109 yellows (see the E number#Full list)
110–119 oranges
120–129 reds
130–139 blues & violets
140–149 greens
150–159 browns & blacks
160–199 others
200–299
Preservatives		 200–209 sorbates
210–219 benzoates
220–229 sulphites
230–239 phenols & formates (methanoates)
240–259 nitrates
260–269 acetates (ethanoates)
270–279 lactates
280–289 propionates (propanoates)
290–299 others
300–399
Antioxidants & acidity regulators		 300–305 ascorbates (vitamin C)
306–309 Tocopherol (vitamin E)
310–319 gallates & erythorbates
320–329 lactates
330–339 citrates & tartrates
340–349 phosphates
350–359 malates & adipates
360–369 succinates & fumarates
370–399 others
400–499
Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers		 400–409 alginates
410–419 natural gums
420–429 other natural agents
430–439 polyoxyethene compounds
440–449 natural emulsifiers
450–459 phosphates
460–469 cellulose compounds
470–489 fatty acids & compounds
490–499 others
500–599
pH regulators & anti-caking agents		 500–509 mineral acids & bases
510–519 chlorides & sulphates
520–529 sulphates & hydroxides
530–549 alkali metal compounds
550–559 silicates
570–579 stearates & gluconates
580–599 others
600–699
Flavour enhancers		 620–629 glutamates
630–639 inosinates
640–649 others
700–799
Antibiotics		 710–713
900–999
Miscellaneous		 900–909 waxes
910–919 synthetic glazes
920–929 improving agents
930–949 packaging gases
950–969 sweeteners
990–999 foaming agents
1100–1599
Additional chemicals		 New chemicals that do not fall into standard classification schemes

NB: Not all examples of a class fall into the given numeric range. Moreover, many chemicals, particularly in the E400–499 range, have a variety of purposes.

[edit] Full list

Each additional has its status:

  • permitted additionals are labeled with N/A;
  • forbidden additionals were proven to cause diseases beyond any doubt;
  • unpermitted additionals are those for which conclusive test data is not yet available either due to ongoing tests or no testing;
  • dangerous additionals may be dangerous for people with chronic diseases.

[edit] E100–E199 (colours)

Code Name Purpose Status
E100 Curcumin, turmeric food colouring (yellow-orange) N/A
E101 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) food colouring (yellow-orange) N/A
E101a Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate food colouring (yellow-orange)[citation needed] N/A
E102 Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) food colouring (lemon yellow) Unpermitted in the EU[citation needed]
E103 Chrysoine resorcinol food colouring (golden) Forbidden[citation needed]
E104 Quinoline Yellow WS food colouring (dull or greenish yellow) Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK.[citation needed]
E105 Fast Yellow AB food colouring (yellow)[citation needed] N/A
E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate food colouring (yellow)[citation needed] N/A
E107 Yellow 2G food colouring (yellow) N/A
E110 Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6) food colouring (yellow-orange)[citation needed] Banned in Finland, Norway & the UK (voluntarily). Products in the EU require warnings and is evaluating a phase-out.[citation needed]
E111 Orange GGN food colouring (orange)[citation needed] N/A
E120 Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4 food colouring (crimson)[citation needed] N/A
E121 Citrus Red 2 food colouring (dark red) Forbidden[citation needed]
E122 Carmoisine, Azorubine food colouring (red to maroon)[citation needed] Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK, currently banned in Canada, Japan, Norway, USA & Sweden. EU currently evaluating health risks.[citation needed]
E123 Amaranth (FD&C Red 2) food colouring (dark red) Forbidden[citation needed]
E124 Ponceau 4R (Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R) food colouring (red)[citation needed] Unpermitted in the United States, Norway & Finland. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK.[citation needed]
E125 Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN food colouring (red)[citation needed] N/A
E126 Ponceau 6R food colouring (red)[citation needed] N/A
E127 Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3) food colouring (red)[citation needed] Unpermitted[citation needed]
E128 Red 2G food colouring (red)[citation needed] Forbidden[citation needed]
E129 Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40) food colouring (red)[citation needed] Banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Switzerland & Sweden. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK. Permitted in the US and by the EU (whilst preserving individual country bans).[citation needed]
E130 Indanthrene blue RS food colouring (blue)[citation needed] N/A
E131 Patent Blue V food colouring (dark blue) Dangerous[citation needed]
E132 Indigo carmine, FD&C Blue 2 food colouring(indigo) Dangerous[citation needed]
E133 Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1) food colouring (reddish blue) N/A
E140 Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins food colouring (green) N/A
E141 Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins food colouring (green)[citation needed] N/A
E142 Green S food colouring (green)[citation needed] Unpermitted in the EU[citation needed]
E143 Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3) food colouring (sea green) N/A
E150a Plain caramel food colouring N/A
E150b Caustic sulfite caramel food colouring N/A
E150c Ammonia caramel food colouring N/A
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel food colouring N/A
E151 Black PN, Brilliant Black BN food colouring N/A
E152 Black 7984 food colouring N/A
E153 Carbon black, Vegetable carbon food colouring N/A
E154 Brown FK, Kipper Brown food colouring Unpermitted[citation needed]
E155 Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT food colouring N/A
E160a Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene food colouring N/A
E160b Annatto, bixin, norbixin food colouring Dangerous[citation needed]
E160c Paprika extract, Capsanthin, capsorubin food colouring N/A
E160d Lycopene food colouring N/A
E160e Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) food colouring N/A
E160f Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) food colouring N/A
E161a Flavoxanthin food colouring N/A
E161b Lutein food colouring N/A
E161c Cryptoxanthin food colouring N/A
E161d Rubixanthin food colouring N/A
E161e Violaxanthin food colouring N/A
E161f Rhodoxanthin food colouring N/A
E161g Canthaxanthin food colouring N/A
E161h Zeaxanthin food colouring N/A
E161i Citranaxanthin food colouring N/A
E161j Astaxanthin food colouring N/A
E162 Beetroot Red, Betanin food colouring N/A
E163 Anthocyanins food colouring N/A
E170 Calcium carbonate, Chalk food colouring N/A
E171 Titanium dioxide food colouring (pure white) N/A
E172 Iron oxides and hydroxides food colouring N/A
E173 Aluminium food colouring Unpermitted[citation needed]
E174 Silver food colouring N/A
E175 Gold food colouring N/A
E180 Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK food colouring Unpermitted[citation needed]
E181 Tannin food colouring N/A
E182 Orcein, Orchil food colouring N/A

[edit] E200–E299 (preservatives)

Code Name Purpose Status
E200 Sorbic acid preservative N/A
E201 Sodium sorbate preservative N/A
E202 Potassium sorbate preservative N/A
E203 Calcium sorbate preservative N/A
E209 Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate preservative N/A
E210 Benzoic acid preservative Unpermitted in UK[citation needed]
E211 Sodium benzoate preservative N/A
E212 Potassium benzoate preservative N/A
E213 Calcium benzoate preservative N/A
E214 Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative Dangerous[citation needed]
E215 Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative N/A
E216 Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative Forbidden[citation needed]
E217 Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Forbidden[citation needed]
E218 Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) preservative N/A
E219 Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative N/A
E220 Sulphur dioxide preservative N/A
E221 Sodium sulphite preservative N/A
E222 Sodium bisulphite (sodium hydrogen sulphite) preservative N/A
E223 Sodium metabisulphite preservative N/A
E224 Potassium metabisulphite preservative N/A
E225 Potassium sulphite preservative N/A
E226 Calcium sulphite preservative N/A
E227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite (preservative) firming agent N/A
E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite preservative N/A
E230 Biphenyl, diphenyl preservative Dangerous[citation needed]
E231 Orthophenyl phenol preservative Dangerous[citation needed]
E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol preservative Dangerous[citation needed]
E233 Thiabendazole preservative N/A
E234 Nisin preservative N/A
E235 Natamycin, Pimaracin preservative N/A
E236 Formic acid preservative N/A
E237 Sodium formate preservative N/A
E238 Calcium formate preservative N/A
E239 Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) preservative Dangerous[citation needed]
E240 Formaldehyde preservative Forbidden[citation needed]
E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate preservative N/A
E249 Potassium nitrite preservative N/A
E250 Sodium nitrite preservative N/A
E251 Sodium nitrate preservative N/A
E252 Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) preservative N/A
E260 Acetic acid (preservative) acidity regulator N/A
E261 Potassium acetate (preservative) acidity regulator N/A
E262 Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate) preservative, acidity regulator N/A
E263 Calcium acetate (preservative) acidity regulator N/A
E264 Ammonium acetate preservative N/A
E265 Dehydroacetic acid preservative N/A
E266 Sodium dehydroacetate preservative N/A
E270 Lactic acid (preservative) (acid) antioxidant N/A
E280 Propionic acid preservative N/A
E281 Sodium propionate preservative N/A
E282 Calcium propionate preservative N/A
E283 Potassium propionate preservative N/A
E284 Boric acid preservative N/A
E285 Sodium tetraborate (borax) preservative N/A
E290 Carbon dioxide acidity regulator N/A
E296 Malic acid (acid) acidity regulator N/A
E297 Fumaric acid acidity regulator N/A

[edit] E300–E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)

Code Name Purpose Status
E300 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) antioxidant N/A
E301 Sodium ascorbate antioxidant N/A
E302 Calcium ascorbate antioxidant N/A
E303 Potassium ascorbate antioxidant N/A
E304 Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate antioxidant N/A
E305 (ii) Ascorbyl stearate antioxidant N/A
E306 Tocopherol-rich extract (natural) antioxidant N/A
E307 Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant N/A
E308 Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant N/A
E309 Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) antioxidant N/A
E310 Propyl gallate antioxidant N/A
E311 Octyl gallate antioxidant Dangerous[citation needed]
E312 Dodecyl gallate antioxidant Dangerous[citation needed]
E313 Ethyl gallate antioxidant Dangerous[citation needed]
E314 Guaiac resin antioxidant N/A
E315 Erythorbic acid antioxidant N/A
E316 Sodium erythorbate antioxidant N/A
E317 Erythorbin acid antioxidant N/A
E318 Sodium erythorbin antioxidant N/A
E319 tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidant N/A
E320 Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidant N/A
E321 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant N/A
E322 Lecithin emulsifier N/A
E323 Anoxomer antioxidant N/A
E324 Ethoxyquin antioxidant N/A
E325 Sodium lactate acidity regulator N/A
E326 Potassium lactate (antioxidant) acidity regulator N/A
E327 Calcium lactate acidity regulator N/A
E328 Ammonium lactate acidity regulator N/A
E329 Magnesium lactate acidity regulator N/A
E330 Citric acid acid, acidity regulator N/A
E331 Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) acidity regulator N/A
E332 Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate) acidity regulator N/A
E333 Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate) acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant N/A
E334 Tartaric acid (L(+)-) (acid) N/A
E335 Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate acidity regulator N/A
E336 Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate acidity regulator N/A
E337 Sodium potassium tartrate acidity regulator N/A
E338 Orthophosphoric acid acid N/A
E339 Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate antioxidant N/A
E340 Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate antioxidant N/A
E341 Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate anti-caking agent, firming agent N/A
E342 Ammonium phosphates: (i) Monoammonium orthophosphate (ii) Diammonium orthophosphate N/A
E343 Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate anti-caking agent This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
E344 Lecitin citrate acidity regulator N/A
E345 Magnesium citrate acidity regulator N/A
E349 Ammonium malate acidity regulator N/A
E350 Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate acidity regulator N/A
E351 Potassium malate acidity regulator N/A
E352 Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate acidity regulator N/A
E353 Metatartaric acid emulsifier N/A
E354 Calcium tartrate emulsifier N/A
E355 Adipic acid acidity regulator N/A
E356 Sodium adipate acidity regulator N/A
E357 Potassium adipate acidity regulator N/A
E359 Ammonium adipate acidity regulator N/A
E363 Succinic acid acidity regulator N/A
E365 Sodium fumarate acidity regulator N/A
E366 Potassium fumarate acidity regulator N/A
E367 Calcium fumarate acidity regulator N/A
E368 Ammonium fumarate acidity regulator N/A
E370 1,4-Heptonolactone acidity regulator N/A
E375 Niacin (nicotinic acid), Nicotinamide colour retention agent N/A
E380 Triammonium citrate acidity regulator N/A
E381 Ammonium ferric citrate acidity regulator N/A
E383 Calcium glycerylphosphate acidity regulator N/A
E384 Isopropyl citrate acidity regulator N/A
E385 Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA) sequestrant N/A
E386 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Disodium EDTA) sequestrant N/A
E387 Oxystearin stabiliser N/A
E388 Thiodipropionic acid Unpermitted[citation needed]
E389 Dilauryl thiodipropionate Unpermitted[citation needed]
E390 Distearyl thiodipropionate N/A
E391 Phytic acid N/A
E399 Calcium lactobionate N/A

[edit] E400–E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers)

Code Name Purpose Status
E400 Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E401 Sodium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E402 Potassium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E403 Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E404 Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E405 Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E406 Agar (thickener) (gelling agent) stabiliser N/A
E407 Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E407a Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E408 Bakers yeast glycan N/A
E409 Arabinogalactan N/A
E410 Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) emulsifier N/A
E411 Oat gum (thickener) stabiliser N/A
E412 Guar gum (thickener) stabiliser N/A
E413 Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E414 Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E415 Xanthan gum (thickener) stabiliser N/A
E416 Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E417 Tara gum (thickener) stabiliser N/A
E418 Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E419 Gum ghatti (thickener) (stabiliser) emulsifier N/A
E420 Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener) humectant N/A
E421 Mannitol (anti-caking agent) sweetener N/A
E422 Glycerol (emulsifier) sweetener N/A
E424 Curdlan Unpermitted[citation needed]
E425 Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane emulsifier Unpermitted in the EU[citation needed]
E426 Soybean hemicellulose
E429 Peptones N/A
E430 Polyoxyethene (8) stearate (emulsifier) stabiliser N/A
E431 Polyoxyethene (40) stearate emulsifier N/A
E432 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) emulsifier N/A
E433 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) emulsifier N/A
E434 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) emulsifier N/A
E435 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) emulsifier N/A
E436 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65) emulsifier N/A
E440 Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin emulsifier N/A
E441 Gelatine (emulsifier) gelling agent N/A
E442 Ammonium phosphatides emulsifier N/A
E443 Brominated vegetable oil N/A
E444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate emulsifier N/A
E445 Glycerol esters of wood rosins emulsifier N/A
E446 Succistearin N/A
E450 Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate emulsifier N/A
E451 Triphosphates (i) Sodium tripolyphosphate (pentasodium triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate emulsifier N/A
E452 Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphosphates (v) Ammonium Polyphosphate emulsifier N/A
E459 Beta-cyclodextrine emulsifier N/A
E460 Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose emulsifier N/A
E461 Methyl cellulose emulsifier N/A
E462 Ethyl cellulose emulsifier N/A
E463 Hydroxypropyl cellulose emulsifier N/A
E464 Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, = hypromellose emulsifier N/A
E465 Ethyl methyl cellulose emulsifier N/A
E466 Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose emulsifier N/A
E467 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose N/A
E468 Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose) emulsifier This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
E469 Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose emulsifier N/A
E470 Salts of fatty acids with base Al, Ca, Na, Mg, K and NH4 N/A
E470a Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) anti-caking agent N/A
E470b Magnesium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) anti-caking agent N/A
E471 Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate) emulsifier N/A
E472a Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E472b Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E472c Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E472d Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E472e Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E472f Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E472g Succinylated monoglycerides emulsifier N/A
E473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E474 Sucroglycerides emulsifier N/A
E475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E476 Polyglycerol polyricinoleate emulsifier N/A
E477 Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E478 Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1 emulsifier N/A
E479b Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids emulsifier N/A
E480 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate emulsifier N/A
E481 Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate emulsifier N/A
E482 Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate emulsifier N/A
E483 Stearyl tartrate emulsifier N/A
E484 Stearyl citrate emulsifier N/A
E485 Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate emulsifier N/A
E486 Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate emulsifier N/A
E487 Sodium laurylsulphate emulsifier N/A
E488 Ethoxylated Mono- and Di-Glycerides emulsifier N/A
E489 Methyl Glucoside - Coconut Oil Ester emulsifier N/A
E490 Propane-1,2-diol N/A
E491 Sorbitan monostearate emulsifier N/A
E492 Sorbitan tristearate emulsifier N/A
E493 Sorbitan monolaurate emulsifier N/A
E494 Sorbitan monooleate emulsifier N/A
E495 Sorbitan monopalmitate emulsifier N/A
E496 Sorbitan trioleat emulsifier N/A
E497 Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymers N/A
E498 Partial polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil N/A
E499 Cassia gum N/A

[edit] E500–E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents)

Code Name Purpose Status
E500 Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator) raising agent N/A
E501 Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate) acidity regulator N/A
E503 Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate) acidity regulator N/A
E504 Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium hydrogen carbonate acidity regulator, anti-caking agent N/A
E505 Ferrous carbonate acidity regulator N/A
E507 Hydrochloric acid acid N/A
E508 Potassium chloride (gelling agent) seasoning N/A
E509 Calcium chloride (sequestrant) firming agent N/A
E510 Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator) improving agent N/A
E511 Magnesium chloride firming agent N/A
E512 Stannous chloride antioxidant Unpermitted[citation needed]
E513 Sulphuric acid acid N/A
E514 Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) acid N/A
E515 Potassium Sulphates (i) Potassium Sulphate (ii) N/A
E516 Calcium sulphate N/A
E517 Ammonium sulphate improving agent N/A
E518 Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator) firming agent N/A
E519 Copper(II) sulphate preservative N/A
E520 Aluminium sulphate firming agent N/A
E521 Aluminium sodium sulphate firming agent N/A
E522 Aluminium potassium sulphate acidity regulator N/A
E523 Aluminium ammonium sulphate acidity regulator N/A
E524 Sodium hydroxide acidity regulator N/A
E525 Potassium hydroxide acidity regulator N/A
E526 Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator) firming agent N/A
E527 Ammonium hydroxide acidity regulator N/A
E528 Magnesium hydroxide acidity regulator N/A
E529 Calcium oxide (acidity regulator) improving agent N/A
E530 Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator) anti-caking agent N/A
E535 Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator) anti-caking agent N/A
E536 Potassium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent N/A
E537 Ferrous hexacyanomanganate anti-caking agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E538 Calcium ferrocyanide anti-caking agent N/A
E539 Sodium thiosulphate antioxidant N/A
E540 Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator) emulsifier N/A
E541 Sodium aluminium phosphate (i) Acidic (ii) Basic emulsifier N/A
E542 Bone phosphate (Essentiale Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic) anti-caking agent N/A
E543 Calcium sodium polyphosphate emulsifier N/A
E544 Calcium polyphosphate emulsifier N/A
E545 Ammonium polyphosphate emulsifier N/A
E550 Sodium Silicates (i) Sodium silicate (ii) Sodium metasilicate anti-caking agent N/A
E551 Silicon dioxide (Silica) anti-caking agent N/A
E552 Calcium silicate anti-caking agent N/A
E553a (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate anti-caking agent N/A
E553b Talc anti-caking agent N/A
E554 Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) anti-caking agent N/A
E555 Potassium aluminium silicate anti-caking agent N/A
E556 Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) anti-caking agent N/A
E557 Zinc silicate anti-caking agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E558 Bentonite anti-caking agent N/A
E559 Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) anti-caking agent N/A
E560 Potassium silicate anti-caking agent N/A
E561 Vermiculite N/A
E562 Sepiolite N/A
E563 Sepiolitic clay N/A
E565 Lignosulphonates N/A
E566 Natrolite-phonolite N/A
E570 Stearic acid (Fatty acid) anti-caking agent N/A
E572 Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier) anti-caking agent N/A
E574 Gluconic acid acidity regulator N/A
E575 Glucono delta-lactone (acidity regulator) sequestrant N/A
E576 Sodium gluconate sequestrant N/A
E577 Potassium gluconate sequestrant N/A
E578 Calcium gluconate firming agent N/A
E579 Ferrous gluconate food colouring N/A
E580 Magnesium gluconate N/A
E585 Ferrous lactate food colouring N/A
E586 4-Hexylresorcinol antioxidant N/A
E598 Synthetic calcium aluminates N/A
E599 Perlite N/A

[edit] E600–E699 (flavour enhancers)

Code Name Purpose Status
E620 Glutamic acid flavour enhancer N/A
E621 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) flavour enhancer N/A
E622 Monopotassium glutamate flavour enhancer N/A
E623 Calcium diglutamate flavour enhancer N/A
E624 Monoammonium glutamate flavour enhancer N/A
E625 Magnesium diglutamate flavour enhancer N/A
E626 Guanylic acid flavour enhancer N/A
E627 Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate flavour enhancer N/A
E628 Dipotassium guanylate flavour enhancer N/A
E629 Calcium guanylate flavour enhancer N/A
E630 Inosinic acid flavour enhancer N/A
E631 Disodium inosinate flavour enhancer N/A
E632 Dipotassium inosinate flavour enhancer N/A
E633 Calcium inosinate flavour enhancer N/A
E634 Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides flavour enhancer N/A
E635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides flavour enhancer N/A
E636 Maltol flavour enhancer N/A
E637 Ethyl maltol flavour enhancer N/A
E640 Glycine and its sodium salt flavour enhancer N/A
E641 L-leucine flavour enhancer N/A
E642 Lysine hydrochloride flavour enhancer N/A
E650 Zinc acetate flavour enhancer N/A

[edit] E700–E799 (antibiotics)

Code Name Purpose Status
E700 Bacitracin
E701 Tetracyclines N/A
E710 Spiramycins N/A
E711 Virginiamicins N/A
E712 Flavophospholipol
E713 Tylosin N/A
E714 Monensin
E715 Avoparcin
E716 Salinomycin
E717 Avilamycin

[edit] E900–E999 (miscellaneous)

Code Name Purpose Status
E900 Dimethyl polysiloxane (anti-foaming agent) anti-caking agent N/A
E901 Beeswax , white and yellow glazing agent N/A
E902 Candelilla wax glazing agent N/A
E903 Carnauba wax glazing agent N/A
E904 Shellac glazing agent N/A
E905 Paraffins N/A
E905a Mineral oil anti-foaming agent N/A
E905b Petrolatum N/A
E905c Petroleum wax (i)Microcrystalline wax (ii) Paraffin wax glazing agent N/A
E906 Gum benzoic flavour enhancer N/A
E907 Crystalline wax glazing agent N/A
E908 Rice bran wax glazing agent N/A
E909 Spermaceti wax glazing agent N/A
E910 Wax esters glazing agent N/A
E911 Methyl esters of fatty acids glazing agent N/A
E912 Montan wax glazing agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E913 Lanolin, sheep wool grease glazing agent N/A
E914 Oxidized polyethylene wax glazing agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E915 Esters of colophony glazing agent N/A
E916 Calcium iodate Unpermitted[citation needed]
E917 Potassium iodate Unpermitted[citation needed]
E918 Nitrogen oxides Unpermitted[citation needed]
E919 Nitrosyl chloride Unpermitted[citation needed]
E920 L-cysteine improving agent N/A
E921 L-cystine improving agent N/A
E922 Potassium persulfate improving agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E923 Ammonium persulfate improving agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E924 Potassium bromate improving agent N/A
E924b Calcium bromate improving agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E925 Chlorine preservative, bleach, improving agent Unpermitted[citation needed]
E926 Chlorine dioxide (preservative) bleach Unpermitted[citation needed]
E927a Azodicarbonamide improving agent N/A
E927b Carbamide (urea) improving agent N/A
E928 Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent) bleach N/A
E929 Acetone peroxide Unpermitted[citation needed]
E930 Calcium peroxide (improving agent) bleach N/A
E938 Argon packaging gas N/A
E939 Helium packaging gas N/A
E940 Dichlorodifluoromethane packaging gas Rarely used
E941 Nitrogen (packaging gas) propellant N/A
E942 Nitrous oxide propellant N/A
E943a Butane propellant N/A
E943b Isobutane propellant N/A
E944 Propane propellant N/A
E945 Chloropentafluoroethane propellant N/A
E946 Octafluorocyclobutane propellant N/A
E948 Oxygen packaging gas N/A
E949 Hydrogen packaging gas N/A
E950 Acesulfame potassium sweetener N/A
E951 Aspartame sweetener
E952 Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, also known as Cyclamate sweetener N/A
E953 Isomalt, Isomaltitol sweetener N/A
E954 Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts sweetener N/A
E955 Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) sweetener N/A
E956 Alitame sweetener N/A
E957 Thaumatin (sweetener) flavour enhancer N/A
E958 Glycyrrhizin (sweetener) flavour enhancer N/A
E959 Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (sweetener) flavour enhancer N/A
E960 Stevioside sweetener N/A
E961 Neotame sweetener N/A
E962 Aspartame-acesulfame salt (sweetener) stabiliser N/A
E965 Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser) humectant N/A
E966 Lactitol sweetener N/A
E967 Xylitol sweetener N/A
E968 Erythritol humectant N/A
E999 Quillaia extract foaming agent N/A

[edit] E1000–E1999 (additional chemicals)

Code Name Purpose Status
E1000 Cholic acid emulsifier N/A
E1001 Choline salts emulsifier N/A
E1100 Amylase stabiliser, flavour enhancer N/A
E1101 Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) stabiliser, flavour enhancer N/A
E1102 Glucose oxidase antioxidant N/A
E1103 Invertase stabiliser N/A
E1104 Lipases N/A
E1105 Lysozyme preservative N/A
E1200 Polydextrose stabiliser, thickening agent, humectant, carrier N/A
E1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabiliser N/A
E1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier) stabiliser N/A
E1203 Polyvinyl alcohol N/A
E1204 Pullulan N/A
E1400 Dextrin (Dextrins, roasted starch white and yellow) (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1401 Modified starch ((Acid-treated starch) stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1402 Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1403 Bleached starch (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1404 Oxidized starch (emulsifier) thickening agent N/A
E1405 Enzyme treated starch N/A
E1410 Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1411 Distarch glycerol (thickening agent) emulsifier N/A
E1412 Distarch phosphate esterified with sodium trimetasphosphate; esterified with phosphorus oxychloride (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate (emulsifier) thickening agent N/A
E1420 Starch acetate esterified with acetic anhydride (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1421 Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1422 Acetylated Distarch Adipate (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1423 Acetylated distarch glycerol thickening agent N/A
E1430 Distarch glycerine (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1440 Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier) thickening agent N/A
E1441 Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1442 Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1443 Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerol N/A
E1450 Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser) thickening agent N/A
E1451 Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier) thickening agent N/A
E1501 Benzylated hydrocarbons N/A
E1502 Butane-1, 3-diol N/A
E1503 Castor oil resolving agent N/A
E1504 Ethyl acetate flavour solvent N/A
E1505 Triethyl citrate foam stabiliser N/A
E1510 Ethanol N/A
E1516 Glyceryl monoacetate flavour solvent N/A
E1517 Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin flavour solvent N/A
E1518 Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin humectant N/A
E1519 Benzyl alcohol N/A
E1520 Propylene glycol humectant N/A
E1521 Polyethylene glycerol N/A
E1525 Hydroxyethyl cellulose thickening agent N/A

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ UK Food Standards Agency
  2. ^ European Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours and sweeteners
  3. ^ http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php
  4. ^ Codex Alimentarius. "Noms de Categorie et Systeme International de Numerotation des Additifs Alimentaires". http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/7/cxg_036f.pdf. Retrieved 2 April 2009. 

2. Codex Alimentarius - http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/CXS_192e.pdf 1 June 2009

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

v • d • e
E numbers

Colours (E100–199) • Preservatives (E200–299) • Antioxidants & Acidity regulators (E300–399) • Thickeners, stabilisers & emulsifiers (E400–499) • pH regulators & anti-caking agents (E500–599) • Flavour enhancers (E600–699) • Miscellaneous (E900–999) • Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)

Waxes (E900–909) • Synthetic glazes (E910–919) • Improving agents (E920–929) • Packaging gases (E930–949) • Sweeteners (E950–969) • Foaming agents (E990–999)

Dimethyl polysiloxane (E900) • Beeswax (E901) • Candelilla wax (E902) • Carnauba wax (E903) • Shellac (E904) • Paraffins (E905) • Mineral oil (E905a) • Vaseline (E905b) • Microcrystalline wax (E905c) • Gum benzoic (E906) • Crystalline wax (E907) • Rice bran wax (E908)
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