Early medieval literature
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See also: Ancient literature, 10th century in literature, list of years in literature.
This is a list of literature (texts and authors) dating to the 6th to 9th centuries (corresponding roughly to the Early Middle Ages). The grouping by century is somewhat arbitrary, as many texts of this period cannot be dated to a specific century with any certainty.
The list is chronological, and does not include epigraphy or poetry. For poetry, see: 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th century in poetry. For early epigraphy, see List of languages by first written accounts.
During this period, a number of classical languages inherited from earlier epochs remain in active use (Chinese, Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Persian, Hebrew). The same period also sees the rise of newly written vernaculars, partly replacing earlier literary languages (e.g. Old Hindi, Old French, Arabic, Germanic, Celtic, Turkic, etc.).
- Literary Chinese in Tang China
- Classical Sanskrit in the Middle kingdoms of India
- Latin in Christian Europe
- Greek in the Byzantine Empire
- Middle Persian literature of the late Sassanid period
- Tiberian Hebrew as written by the Masoretes
- Classical Arabic in the Islamic Caliphate
- Classical Armenian literature of Medieval Armenia
- Old Georgian literature
- Old Turkic manuscript tradition, from the 8th century
- early Japanese literature, from the 8th century (Nara period)
- early Ge'ez literature
- early Dravidian (Kannada, Tamil, etc.) literature in South India
- early Celtic manuscript traditions (Old Irish, Old Welsh)
- early Germanic (Old High German, Old English, Old Saxon, Old Norse) literature, from the 8th century
- Old Church Slavonic, from the 9th century
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[edit] Undated
The bulk of literature in Classical Sanskrit dates to the Early Medieval period, but in most cases cannot be dated to a specific century.
The vocalized Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible developed during the 7th to 10th centuries.
The Old English Beowulf is dated to anywhere between the 8th and early 11th centuries.
[edit] 6th century
- Sanskrit literature
- Byzantine literature
- PG 86a: Presbyter Timothy of Constantinople, Joannes Maxentius, Theodorus Lector, Procopius Deacon of Tyre, Theodorus Bishop of Scythopolis, Presbyter Timothy of Jerusalem, Theodosius I of Alexandria, Eusebius of Alexandria, Eusebius of Emesa, Gregentius of Taphar, Patriarch Epiphanius of Constantinople, Isaac of Nineveh, Barsanuphius of Palestine, Eustathius monk, Emperor Justinian, Agapetus the Deacon, Leontius Byzantinus
- PG 86b: Leontius Byzantinus (continuation), Patriarch Ephraim of Antioch, Paulus Silentiarius, Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople, Evagrius Scholasticus, Eulogius of Alexandria, Simeon Stylites the Younger, Patriarch Zacharias of Jerusalem, Patriarch Modestus of Jerusalem, Anonymous on the siege of Jerusalem by the Persians, Jobius, Erechthius Bishop of Antioch in Pisidia, Peter Bishop of Laodicea.
- Secret History by Procopius
- Latin literature (see Late Latin)
- Chronicle of Fredegar
- Commentary on Job by Pope Gregory I
- Etymologiae by Isidore of Seville
- Historia Francorum by Gregory of Tours
- The Origin and Deeds of the Goths by Jordanes
- Patrologia Latina vols 63-80: Boetius, Ennodius Felix, Trifolius presbyter, Hormisdas I, Elpis , Boetius, Fulgentius Ruspensis, Felix IV, Bonifacius II, Benedictus pater monachorum Occidentalium, Dionysius Exiguus, Viventiolus Lugdunensis, Trojanus Santonensis, Pontianus Africae, Caesarius Arelatensis, Fulgentius Ferrandus, Primasius Adrumetanus, Arator, Nicetius Trevirensis, Aurelianus Arelatensis, Cassiodorus, Gregorius Turonensis, Pelagius II, Joannes II, Benedictus I, Gregorius I, Eutropius Episcopus, Gregorius I, Paterius (Notarius Gregorii I), Alulfus Tornacensis, Maximus Caesaraugustanus Episcopus, Eutropius Episcopus, Tarra Monachus, Dinothus Abbas, Dynamus Patricius, Augustinus Apostolus Anglorum, SS Bonifacius IV, Concilium Romanum III, Bulgaranus, Paulus Emeritanus Diaconus, Tamaius De Vargas. Thomas, Gondemarus Rex Gothorum, Marcus Cassinensis, Warnaharius Lingonensis Episcopus, Columbanus Hibernus
- Agathias
- Evagrius Scholasticus
- Pahlavi literature
[edit] 7th century
- Sanskrit literature:
- Byzantine literature
- PG 87a-87b: Procopius of Gaza
- PG 87c: Procopius of Gaza, Joannes Moschus, Sophronius, Alexander monk
- PG 88: Cosmas Indicopleustes, Constantine the Deacon, Joannes Climacus, Agathias Myrinæ, Gregory Bishop of Antioch, Joannes Jejunator (Patriarch John IV of Constantinople), Dorotheus the Archimandrite
- PG 89: Anastasius Sinaita, Anastasius of Antioch, Anastasius Abbot of Euthymius, Anastasius IV Patriarch of Antioch, Antiochus of Sabe
- PG 90: Maximus the Abbot
- PG 91: Maximus the Confessor, Thalassius the Abbot, Theodore of Raithu[disambiguation needed
] - PG 92: Paschal Chronicle, George Pisides
- PG 93: Olympiodorus Deacon of Alexandria, Hesychius, Leontius Bishop of Neapolis in Cyprus, Leontius of Damascus
- Latin literature
- Chronicon Paschale
- Qur'an
- Origo Gentis Langobardorum
- Patrologia Latina vols. 80-89: Aileranus Scoto Hibernus, Ethelbertus Anglorum, SS Adeodatus I, Sisebutus Gothorum, Bertichramnus Cenomanensis, Protandius Vesuntinus Archiepiscopus, SS Bonifacius V, Sonniatus Rhemensis Archiepiscopus, Verus Ruthenensis Episcopus, Chlotarius II Francorum Rex, SS Honorius I, Dagobertus Francorum Rex, Hadoinudus Cenomanensis Episcopus, Sulpicius Bituricensis Episcopus, Autbertus Cameracensis, SS Ioannes IV, Eutrandus Ticinensis Diaconus, Victor Carthaginensis Episcopus, Braulio Caesaraugustiani, Taio Caesaraugustianus Episcopus, Isidorus Hispalensis, Liturgia Mozarabica, Venantius Fortunatus, Crisconius Africanus, Sergius I, Joannes VI, Felix Ravennatensis, Bonifacius Moguntinus
- Middle Chinese (see Tang Dynasty Chinese writers)
- Bianji
- Li Dashi (570–628)
- Yan Shigu (581–645)
- Chu Suiliang (597–658)
- Fang Xuanling (579–648)
- Li Qiao (644–713)
- Li Jing (571–649)
- Li Baiyao (564–647)
- Li Chunfeng (602–670)
- Liu Zhiji (661–721)
- Luo Binwang (ca. 640–684)
- Ouyang Xun (557–641)
- Sun Simiao (581–682)
- Yu Shinan (558–638)
- Wei Zheng (580–643)
- Sun Guoting (646–691)
- Armenian
- Ge'ez
[edit] 8th century
- Sanskrit literature
- Byzantine literature
- PG 94-95: John of Damascus
- PG 96: John of Damascus, John of Nicæa, Patriarch John VI of Constantinople, Joannes of Eubœa
- PG 97: John Malalas (6th century), Andrew of Crete, Elias of Crete and Theodore Abucara
- PG 98: Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople, Cosmas of Jerusalem, St. Gregory II Bishop of Agrigentum, Anonymus Becuccianus, Pantaleon Deacon of Constantinople, Adrian monk, Epiphanius Deacon of Catania, Pachomius monk, Philotheus monk, Patriarch Tarasios of Constantinople
- PG 99: Theodore of Studion
- Latin literature
- Bede (Patrologia Latina vols. 90-95), Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum etc.
- Historia Langobardorum by Paulus Diaconus
- John of Damascus
- Patrologia Latina vols. 96-101 Hildefonsus Toletanus, Julianus Toletanus, Leo II, Carolus Magnus, Ludovicus I, Lotharius, Rudolphus I, Paulinus Aquileiensis, Theodorus Cantuariensis, Alcuinus
- Arabic literature
- Middle Chinese (see Tang Dynasty Chinese writers)
- Kannada: see Rashtrakuta literature
- Old Georgian: The Life of Saint Nino, The Martyrdom of Abo Tbileli
[edit] 9th century
- Byzantine literature
- PG 100: Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople, Stephen Deacon of Constantinople, Gregory of Decapolis, Patriarch Christopher I of Alexandria, Patriarch Methodios I of Constantinople
- PG 101-103: Photius of Constantinople
- PG 104: Photius of Constantinople, Petrus Siculus, Peter bishop of Argos (Saint Peter the Wonderworker), Bartholomew of Edessa
- PG 105: Nicetas ('David') of Paphlagonia, Nicetas Byzantius, Theognostus monk, Anonymous, Joseph the Hymnographer
- Latin literature
- De bellis Parisiacae urbis (The Wars of the City of Paris), in Latin, by Abbo Cernuus (890s)
- Liber Pontificalis
- Patrologia Latina vols. 102-132: Smaragdus S. Michaelis, Benedictus Anianensis, Sedulius Scotus, Agobardus Lugdunensis, Eginhardus, Claudius Taurinensis, Ludovicus Pius, Theodulfus Aurelianensis, Eigil Fuldensis, Dungalus reclusus, Ermoldus Nigellus, Symphosius Amalarius, Gregorius IV, Sergius II, Jonas Aurelianensis, Freculphus Lexoviensis, Frotharius Tullensis, Rabanus Maurus, Walafridus Strabo, the Glossa Ordinaria, Leo IV, Benedictus III, Eulogius Toletanus, Prudentius Trecensis, Angelomus Lexoviensis, Haymo Halberstatensis, Nicolaus I, Florus Lugdunensis, Lupus Ferrariensis, Paschasius Radbertus, Ratramnus Corbeiensis, Aeneas Parisiensis, Remigius Lugdunensis, Wandalbertus Prumiensis, Paulus Alvarus Cordubensis, Gotteschalcus Orbacensis, Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Ado Viennensis, Usuardus Sangermanii, Carolus II Calvus, Hincmarus Rhemensis, Anastasius bibliothecarius, Isidorus Mercator, Remigius Antissiodorensis, Notkerus Balbulus, Regino Prumiensis, Hucbaldus S. Amandi
- Arabic literature
- Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala
- Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri
- Al-Waqidi
- Ya'qubi
- The Book of One Thousand and One Nights is presumed to originate in the 9th century (the oldest surviving text belongs to the 14th century).
- Germanic
- Sanskrit literature
- Middle Chinese (see Tang Dynasty Chinese writers)
- Duan Chengshi (d. 863)
- Han Yu (768–824)
- Mo Xuanqing (d. 834)
- Li Ao (772–841)
- Liu Yuxi (772–842)
- Liu Zongyuan (773–819)
- Yuan Zhen (779–831)
- Zhang Yanyuan
- Tamil: see Chola literature
- Kannada: see Rashtrakuta literature
- Kavirajamarga, Royal path to poets in Kannada
- Vaddaradhane
- Govindsvamin
- Shivakotiacharya
- Armenian
- Old Church Slavonic
[edit] See also
- 10th century in literature
- Byzantine literature
- Kannada literature
- Medieval Bulgarian literature
- Puranas
[edit] Notes
- ^ Fallon, Oliver. 2009. Bhatti’s Poem: The Death of Rávana (Bhaṭṭikāvya). New York: Clay Sanskrit Library[1]. ISBN 978-0-8147-2778-2 | ISBN 0-8147-2778-6 |
[edit] References
- Contreni, John J. (1991). "The Carolingian renaissance: education and literary culture". In Rosamond McKitterick. The New Cambridge Medieval History: II. c. 700 - c. 900. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36292-X.
- Mango, Cyril (2002). "The Revival of Learning". In Cyril Mango. The Oxford History of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814098-3.
