Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
| Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer | |
|---|---|
| Born | June 2, 1850 Hornsey, Middlesex |
| Died | March 29, 1935 (aged 84) North Berwick, East Lothian |
| Nationality | English |
| Fields | physiology |
| Alma mater | University College London |
| Doctoral advisor | William Sharpey |
| Known for | insulin endocrine |
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer FRS[1] FRSE (June 2, 1850, Hornsey, Middlesex – March 29, 1935, North Berwick, East Lothian) was an English physiologist who coined the word "insulin" after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus. He also coined the term "endocrine" for the secretions of the ductless glands, after demonstrating the existence of adrenaline (together with George Oliver) in 1894. Schafer's Method of artificial respiration is named for him.[2]
Contents |
[edit] Biography
Born Schäfer, he was the third son of city merchant J.W.H. Schäfer, who was Hamburg born but came to Britain as a young man and became a naturalised citizen. He attended University College London in 1868 where he was taught by William Sharpey. He became the first Sharpey Scholar in 1871. Qualifying in medicine in 1874, he was immediately appointed Assistant Professor of Practical Physiology, and was elected to the Royal Society when he was only 28 years old.
His career continued at UCL, where he was appointed Fullerian Professor, and then Jodrell Professor. In 1899 he was appointed to the Chair of Physiology at the University of Edinburgh, where he remained until his retirement in 1933.
He was married twice, to Maud Dixey and Maude Roberts (after Maud's death), and had five children (three girls and two boys) to Maud. However, he survived both his sons, both having died in action in World War I. He was president of the British Medical Association in 1912 and was knighted in 1913.New International Encyclopedia He introduced suprarenal extract into medicine.New International Encyclopedia He prefixed his teacher William Sharpey's surname to his own in 1918, in order to perpetuate the name.
[edit] Works
Besides valuable papers on muscular structure, on the chemistry of blood proteids, on absorption, and on the rhythm of voluntary contraction, he wrote:
- A Course of Practical Histology (1877)
- Essentials of Histology (1885; sixth edition, 1902)
- Advanced Text-Book of Physiology by British Physiologists (1898)
- Experimental Physiology (1910)
He edited Quain's Elements of Anatomy (with G. D. Thane, 8th, 9th, and 10th editions).
[edit] Terms
- Schaefer's method — (artificial respiration) - Patient prone with forehead on one of his arms: straddle across patient with knees on either side of his hips, and press with both hands firmly upon the back over the lower ribs; then raise your body slowly, at the same time relaxing the pressure with your hands. Repeat this forward and backward movement about every five seconds.
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- Dorland's Medical Dictionary (1938)
[edit] References
- ^ Hill, L. (1935). "Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer. 1850-1935". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 1 (4): 400. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1935.0005.
- ^ The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35967.
[edit] Further reading
- Sykes, Alan H.: "Sharpey's Men" in Sharpey's fibres : the life of William Sharpey, the father of modern physiology in England, page 132-135. York : William Sessions, 2001.
- Krediet, C. T. P.; Wieling, W. (2008). "Edward P. Sharpey-Schafer was right: Evidence for systemic vasodilatation as a mechanism of hypotension in cough syncope". Europace 10 (4): 486–488. doi:10.1093/europace/eun022. PMID 18310080.
- Writer, D. (2004). "Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer and his simple and efficient method of performing artificial respiration". Resuscitation 61 (2): 113–116. doi:10.1016/S0300-9572(04)00133-9. PMID 15135186.
- Sparrow, E. P.; Finger, S. (2001). "Edward Albert Schäfer (Sharpey-Schafer) and his Contributions to Neuroscience: Commemorating of the 150th Anniversary of his Birth". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 10 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1076/jhin.10.1.41.5625. PMID 11446263.
- Hill, A. V. (1976). "E Sharpey-Schafer and the jubilee of the Physiological Society proceedings". The Journal of physiology 263 (1): 54P–56P. PMID 796429.
- McMichael, J. (1964). "Edward Peter Sharpey-Schafer". British heart journal 26: 430–432. PMC 1018157. PMID 14156091. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1018157.
- "E.p. Sharpey-Schafer". British medical journal 2 (5365): 1135–1136. 1963. PMID 14060151.
- "Edward Peter Sharpey-Schafer". Lancet 2 (7314): 951–953. 1963. PMID 14054462.
- "SIR EDWARD SHARPEY-SCHAFER, F.R.S. LL.D., M.D., D.Sc., F.R.C.P.Ed". British medical journal 1 (3874): 741–742. 1935. PMC 2460253. PMID 20778992. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2460253.
- "Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer, F.r.s". British medical journal 2 (3234): 1237. 1922. PMC 2417314. PMID 20770953. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2417314.
[edit] External links
| Academic offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Alfred Henry Garrod |
Fullerian Professor of Physiology 1875–1878 |
Succeeded by John Gray McKendrick |
- 1850 births
- 1935 deaths
- Academics of University College London
- Academics of the University of Edinburgh
- Alumni of University College London
- English people of German descent
- English physiologists
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Fullerian Professors of Physiology
- People associated with East Lothian
- People from Hornsey
- Recipients of the Copley Medal
- Presidents of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
- Royal Medal winners
