Effendi

"Efendi" redirects here. For other uses, see Efendi (disambiguation).

Effendi, Effendy or Efendi (Turkish: Efendi, Arabic: أفندي Afandī; Persian: آفندی ‎, Urdu: آفندی ‎) is a title of nobility meaning a lord or master.

It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir, which was used in Ottoman Empire (Turkey). It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as bey or pasha. It may also indicate a definite office, as hekim efendi, chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form efendim (my master) is used by servants and in formal discourse.

In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of agha was efendi. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (rüşdiye), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.

The word itself is a adaption of the Medieval Greek afendēs (αφέντης), from ancient Greek authentēs (αὐθέντης), generally "doer, master".

Other uses

• Effendi (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [æˈfændi]) was also considered a title for a man of high education or social standing in an eastern (Mediterranean or Arab) country. It was a title of Turkish origin, analogous to esquire, and junior to bey in Egypt during the period of the Muhammad Ali dynasty.

• Effendi is still used as an honorific in Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey (as well as some other former Ottoman states), and is the source of the word أفندم؟ afandim?, Turkish: efendim, a particularly polite way of saying "Pardon me?", and can be used in answering the phone.

• The colonial forces of British East Africa and German East Africa were built from a stock of Sudanese soldiers of the Egyptian army which was nominally under the Ottoman Empire. These units entered East Africa with some officers who brought their title of effendi with them and thus it continued to be used for non-European officers of the two colonial forces. Up to the present the Swahili form afande is a way to address officers in the armies of Kenya and Tanzania.

• Effendi (Governor's Commissioned Officer) was the highest rank that a Black African could achieve in the British King's African Rifles (KAR) until 1961 (from then, promotions to commissioned officers became possible). They were equivalent to the Viceroy's Commissioned Officers in the British Indian Army. An Effendi's authority was confined to other KAR troops (Askaris), and he could not command British troops. The KAR-rank came in disuse during the 1930s and was reintroduced in 1956.

• Effendi was also a non-European's officer rank in the Schutztruppe of German East Africa. Similar to the above British practice, Effendis were promoted by a governor's warrant, not by a kaiser's commission, as white commissioned officers were. Effendis had no authority over white troops. In the Schutztruppe this rank was used, together with other ranks of Ottoman origin like "Tschausch" (sergeant) and "Ombascha" (corporal).

• In Bosnia and Herzegovina "Efendija" refers to Muslim clerics.
• In Indonesia and Malaysia, "Effendi" can be used a first name.
• In Lebanon "Effendi" or "Afandi" refers to some families' surname of Effendi, Mourad and Dalank.
• In Pakistan, "Effendi" is the surname of some families whose ancestors migrated from Turkey or, in some cases, Afghanistan.
• In Afghanistan, some members of the former ruling Barakzai clan of Durranis also use "Effendi" or a variant "Affandi" as their surname.
• In China, "Effendi" (阿凡提) often refers to Nasreddin.
• Jazz piano legend McCoy Tyner has one composition named "Effendi". It appears on his debut album, "Inception".

See also

• Ottoman titles

References

• Baranovitch, Nimrod. "From the Margins to the Center." China Quarterly 175: 726-750 . Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.
• Drompp, Michael. Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History. Brill Academic Publishers, 2004.
• ReadLiterature.com - Definition of Efendi
• A Nation of Empire: The Ottoman Legacy of Turkish Modernity