Eidothea
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| Eidothea | |
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| Eidothea hardeniana | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Subfamily: | Proteoideae |
| Genus: | Eidothea Douglas, AW & Hyland, BPM (1995) |
| Type species | |
| Eidothea zoexylocarya |
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| Species | |
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See text. |
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Eidothea[1] is a genus of two species of rainforest tree in New South Wales and Queensland in eastern Australia, which belongs to the plant family Proteaceae, which also includes more familiar members such as the waratahs, grevilleas, banksias, macadamias and proteas. The genus is named after Eidothea, one of the three daughters of Proteus in Greek Mythology.
Fossil seeds named Xylocaryon lockii by the German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1883 and found in Miocene age sediments excavated in old gold mining sites in Victoria match those of Eidothea, and are thought to represent the modern plant.[2][3][4]
That Eidothea has been found at localities as far apart as Cairns and Lismore, and as a fossil from much further south, underlines the fact that Australia’s rainforests are tiny remnants of ancient rainforests that covered vast areas of Australia until only a few million years ago. This makes them a particularly precious part of Australia's natural heritage.
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[edit] Taxonomy
The Proteaceae is a very old family of flowering plants that probably originated while the ancient supercontinent Gondwana was still in one piece. Gondwana consisted of what are now the continents of Australia, Africa, South America and Antarctica, as well as smaller bits and pieces such as New Zealand, New Caledonia and Madagascar. Gondwana began splitting up over 120 million years ago and the fragments carried a diverse array of plants and animals with them, including a variety of lineages of the Proteaceae. Eidothea is the only relic of one of those early lineages that has barely survived in the rainforests of eastern Australia. Other lineages went on to diversify spectacularly, resulting in hundreds of descendant species.
Eidothea lies within the subfamily Proteoideae, which contain such plants as Protea, Leucadendron, Leucospermum, and most other South African Proteaceae, Isopogon (Australian ‘drumsticks’), Adenanthos (Australian jugflowers), Petrophile (Australian ‘conesticks’), Conospermum (Australian smoke-bushes).
[edit] Species
Two living species are known:
- Eidothea hardeniana - is listed as an endangered species on Schedule 1 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act, 1995 and is known to occur in Nightcap National Park and in the adjacent Whian Whian State Forest.
- Eidothea zoexylocarya - known from the slopes of Mount Bartle Frere and nearby mountains, near Cairns in North Queensland.
[edit] Notes
- ^ From the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Εἰδοθέᾱ, daughter of Proteus.
- ^ Mueller, F. von, 1883. Observations on New Vegetable fossils of the Auriferous Drifts. Decade II, Geological Survey of Victoria, Melbourne.
- ^ Douglas, A.W. & Hyland, B. (1995) Subfamily 3. Eidotheoideae. Flora of Australia Vol. 16: 127–129.(ABRS/CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne).
- ^ Greenwood, D.R., A.J. Vadala, and J.G. Douglas. 2000. Victorian Paleogene and Neogene macrofloras: a conspectus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 112(1): 65-92.
[edit] References
- Peter Weston (Pers. comm.)
- Weston, PH & Kooyman, RM (2002). "Eidothea hardeniana- Botany and Ecology of the ‘Nightcap Oak'". Australian Plants (Australian Plants Society) 21: 339–342. http://asgap.org.au/APOL32/dec03-4.html.
- Douglas, AW & Hyland, BPM H (1995). "Telopea". In McCarthy, Patrick (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 127–128. ISBN 0-643-05693-9.
- Weston, PH & Kooyman, RM (2002). "Systematics of Eidothea (Proteaceae), with the description of a new species, E. hardeniana, from the Nightcap Range, north-eastern New South Wales.". Telopea 9: 821–832. http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/72805/Tel9Wes821.pdf.
- Hoot, SB, and Douglas, AW (1998). "Phylogeny of the Proteaceae based on atpB and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer region sequences". Australian Systematic Botany 11 (4): 301–320. doi:10.1071/SB98027.
