El Paso, Texas

"El Paso" redirects here. For other uses, see El Paso (disambiguation).

El Paso, Texas
—  City  —
City of El Paso
El Paso skyline from the north
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): El Chuco
Location in El Paso County and the state of Texas
El Paso Location in the United States of America
Coordinates: 31°47′25″N 106°25′24″W
Country	United States
State	Texas
County	El Paso
Metropolitan Area	El Paso–County
Government
• Mayor	John Cook
• City Manager	Joyce Wilson
Area
• City	256.3 sq mi (663.7 km2)
• Land	255.3 sq mi (661.1 km2)
• Water	1.0 sq mi (2.6 km2)
Elevation	3,740 ft (1,140 m)
Population (2011 est.)
• City	665,568 (US: 19th)
• Metro	820,790 (US: 65th) 1,045,180 (El Paso-Las Cruces CSA)
Time zone	MST (UTC-7)
• Summer (DST)	MDT (UTC-6)
ZIP codes	79900-79999, 88500-88599 (PO Boxes)
Area code(s)	915
FIPS code	48-24000
GNIS feature ID	1380946
Website	www.elpasotexas.gov

El Paso (/ɛlˈpæsoʊ/; from Spanish, 'the pass') is the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in far West Texas.

As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 649,121. El Paso is the 19th most populous city in the United States and the sixth most populous city in the state of Texas. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County, whose population in 2010 was 800,647.

El Paso stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The two cities form a combined international metropolitan area, sometimes called the Paso del Norte or El Paso–Juárez, with Juárez being the significantly larger of the two in population. They have a combined population of 3 million, two-thirds of whom reside in Juárez. In 2010, El Paso was awarded an All-America City Award, the oldest community-recognition program in the United States.

El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso (founded in 1914 as the Texas State School of Mines and Metallurgy, and later, Texas Western College; its current name dates from 1967). El Paso is also home to the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso. Fort Bliss, one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army, lies to the east and northeast of the city, with training areas extending north into New Mexico, up to the White Sands Missile Range and neighboring Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo. El Paso is the first large city in the world to have a spaceport in the vicinity. Spaceport America, which lies 89 miles from El Paso, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The Franklin Mountains extend into El Paso from the north and nearly divide the city into two sections; the western half forms the beginnings of the Mesilla Valley, and the eastern slopes connect in the central business district at the south end of the mountain range.

History

Main article: History of El Paso, Texas

The El Paso region has had human settlement for thousands of years, as evidenced by Folsom points from hunter-gatherers found at Hueco Tanks. The earliest known cultures in the region were maize farmers. At the time of the arrival of the Spanish, the Manso, Suma, and Jumano tribes populated the area and were subsequently incorporated into the Mestizo culture, along with immigrants from central Mexico, captives from Comanchería, and genízaros of various ethnic groups. The Mescalero Apache roamed the region, as well.

Spanish explorer Don Juan de Oñate was born in 1550 in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico and was the first New Spain (Mexico) explorer known to have observed the Rio Grande near El Paso, in 1598, celebrating Thanksgiving Mass there on April 30, 1598 (several decades before the Pilgrims' Thanksgiving). However, the four survivors of the Narváez expedition, Juan Dirac, Francisco Chuvash, Maria Munoz and Terea Franco, are thought to have passed through the area in the mid-1530s. El Paso del Norte (the present day Juárez), was founded on the south bank of the Río Bravo del Norte, (Rio Grande) in 1659 by Spanish conquistadors. In 1680, the small village of El Paso became the base for Spanish governance of the territory of New Mexico, remaining the largest settlement in New Mexico until its cession to the US in 1848, when Texas took it in 1850.

Map of the city in 1886

Mesa Avenue, the heart of El Paso, Texas (postcard, circa 1917)

St. Louis Street, El Paso, Texas (postcard, circa 1908)

El Paso remained largely undeveloped during most of the period of Spanish control. Instead, Spanish settlement was centered on El Paso del Norte (the present day Ciudad Juárez). However, the Spanish crown and the local authorities of El Paso del Norte had made several land concessions to bring agricultural production to the northern bank of the river in present-day El Paso City, frequent Indian raids and warfare overwhelmed any attempts. The Apache Wars and subsequent Comanche Wars left northern Mexico, then including present-day New Mexico, Texas, and Coahuila, in a state of perpetual instability. Consequently, present-day Juárez remained the northern-most villa with the Río Bravo del Norte, and Apache attacks dissuading settlement and development north. The water of the river, the sand dunes to the south (médanos), and the fortifications at Paso del Norte and El Real de San Lorenzo provided a natural defense against further raids; however, in some decades, several-thousand-strong Apache armies made raids deep into Mexico, slaughtering the male population and enslaving women and children. As a result, the Rio Grande proved to be a boundary line of actual Hispanic presence.

Nonetheless, in the early years of Spanish power, areas north of the Rio Grande were gradually colonized after several decades of attempts. The Hispanic civilian and military population, and the small community of Spanish friars and their Amerindian wards ranched the area, which was grassland at the time, and developed small-scale but successful agriculture consisting of vineyards and fruits. However, in 1680, after the successful Pueblo Revolt that decimated the Spanish colonies in northern New Mexico, Paso del Norte became the base for Spanish governance of the territory of New Mexico with the present-day El Paso remaining a neutral battleground.

From El Paso, the Spaniards led by Diego de Vargas, grouped to recolonize the Spanish territory centered on Santa Fe, stretching from Socorro to Taos. The Bourbon reforms of the 18th century affected the Paso del Norte, as New Spain's enlightened bureaucrats deemed the region, with a thriving population of over 10,000 by mid-century, capable of self-defense. Viceregal troops garrisoned in the Presidio of Paso del Norte were redeployed elsewhere on New Spain's frontier. New policies of Indian gifting helped to stabilize relations with the Apaches and Comanches, providing a respite to El Paso's agriculturalist population.

With the Mexican Constitution of 1824, part of present-day El Paso became the southernmost locality of the Territorio de Nuevo Mexico (modern New Mexico) and part of the newly established state of Chihuahua. It communicated with Santa Fe and Mexico City by the Royal Road ( el Camino Real de Tierra Adentro).

The Texas Revolution (1836) was not felt in the region, as the area was never considered part of Texas until 1848. As early as the mid-1840s, alongside long extant Hispanic settlements such as the Rancho de Juan María Ponce de León, Anglo settlers such as Simeon Hart and Hugh Stephenson began to establish themselves. Stephenson, who had married into the local Hispanic aristocracy, established the Rancho de San José de la Concordia, which became the nucleus of Anglo and Hispanic settlement within the limits of modern-day El Paso, in 1844. Given the reclamations of the Texas Republic that wanted a chunk of the Santa Fe trade, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo effectively made the settlements on the north bank of the river a formal American settlement, separate from Old El Paso del Norte on the Mexican side. The present Texas–New Mexico boundary placing El Paso on the Texas side was drawn in the Compromise of 1850.

Downtown El Paso in 1908

Suburban residential district, El Paso, Texas (postcard, circa 1908)

El Paso County was established in March 1850, with San Elizario as the first county seat. The United States Senate fixed a boundary between Texas and New Mexico at the 32nd parallel, thus largely ignoring history and topography. A military post called "The Post opposite El Paso" (meaning opposite El Paso del Norte, across the Rio Grande) was established in 1854. Further west, a settlement on Coons' Rancho called Franklin became the nucleus of the future El Paso, Texas. A year later, pioneer Anson Mills completed his plan of the town, calling it El Paso.

During the Civil War, a Confederate presence was in the area until it was captured by the Union California Column in 1862. It was then headquarters for the 5th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry until December 1864.

After the Civil War's conclusion, the town's population began to grow. El Paso, incorporated in 1873, encompassed the small area communities that had developed along the river. With the arrival of the Southern Pacific, Texas and Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroads in 1881, the population boomed to 10,000 by the 1890 census, attracting newcomers ranging from businessmen and priests, to gunfighters and prostitutes. El Paso became a violent and wild boomtown known as the "Six Shooter Capital" because of its lawlessness. Prostitution and gambling flourished until World War I, when the Department of the Army pressured El Paso authorities to crack down on vice (thus benefitting vice in neighboring Ciudad Juárez). The city developed into the premier manufacturing, transportation, and retail center of the US Southwest.

The Mexican Revolution greatly impacted the city, bringing an influx of refugees—and capital—to the bustling boom town. Spanish-language newspapers, theaters, movie houses, and schools were established, many supported by a thriving Mexican refugee middle class. Large numbers of clerics, intellectuals, and businessmen took refuge in the city, particularly between 1913 and 1915. The population exceeded 100,000. The Jesuit Order established a network of schools catering to the children of the Mexican community, and the large number of refugee floating population was attended by various philanthropic organizations, including the National Catholic Welfare Fund.

General Pershing's punitive expedition camp near the border, El Paso, Texas (postcard, circa 1916): Franklin Mountains, left-to-right (i.e., south-to-north) are: Ranger Peak, Sugarloaf Mountain, and part of South Franklin Mountain

A modern view of the mountains from the approximate location of the camp pictured above, near the Cassidy Rd. entrance to Fort Bliss

Mining and other industries gradually developed in the area. The El Paso and Northeastern Railway was chartered in 1897, to help extract the natural resources of surrounding areas, especially in southeastern New Mexico Territory. The Arizona and Southeastern Railroad was slowly extended toward El Paso (owned by the Phelps Dodge company), to allow the construction of a second copper refinery in El Paso to refine ore produced in Arizona and southwestern New Mexico by Phelps Dodge. In 1901, the Arizona Southeastern Railroad was renamed the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad, and the tracks finally reached El Paso in 1902.

The 1920s and 1930s saw the emergence of major business development in the city, partially enabled by Prohibition-era bootlegging, but as in the rest of the United States, the Depression era hit the city hard, and El Paso's population declined through the end of World War II. Following the war, military expansion in the area, as well as oil discoveries in the Permian Basin (North America), helped to engender rapid economic expansion in the mid-1900s. Copper smelting, oil refining, and the proliferation of low-wage industries (particularly garment making) led the city's growth. Expansion slowed again in the 1960s, but the city continued to grow in large part because of its significant economic relationship with Mexico.

Geography

A panoramic view of El Paso, Texas from the north: The Hueco Mountains can be seen toward the east; the Juarez mountains of Mexico can be seen to the south (far right of the image).

El Paso (top) and Ciudad Juárez (bottom) as seen from earth orbit; the Rio Grande is the thin line separating the two cities through the middle of the photograph. A portion of the Franklin Mountains can be seen in the upper left. Image courtesy of NASA

False-color satellite image of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez: Paved streets and buildings appear in varying shades of blue-gray, and red indicates vegetation. Image courtesy of NASA

El Paso is located at 31°47′25″N 106°25′24″W (31.790208, −106.423242). It lies at the intersection of three states (Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua) and two countries (the US and Mexico). It is the only major Texas city on Mountain time. Ciudad Juárez used to be on Central Time, but both cities are now on Mountain time.

The city's elevation is 3,800 ft (1,200 m) above sea level. North Franklin Mountain is the highest peak in the city at 7,192 ft (2,192 m) above sea level. The peak can be seen from 60 mi (100 km) in all directions. Additionally, this mountain range is home to the famous natural red-clay formation, the Thunderbird, from which the local Coronado High School gets its mascot's name. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 256.3 square miles (663.7 km²).

The 24,000-acre (9,700 ha) Franklin Mountains State Park, the largest urban park in the United States, lies entirely in El Paso, extending from the north and dividing the city into several sections along with Fort Bliss and El Paso International Airport.

The Rio Grande Rift, which passes around the southern end of the Franklin Mountains, is where the Rio Grande flows. The river defines the border between El Paso and Ciudad Juárez to the south and west until the river turns north of the border with Mexico, separating El Paso from Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Mt. Cristo Rey, an example of a pluton, rises within the Rio Grande Rift just to the west of El Paso on the New Mexico side of the Rio Grande. Nearby volcanic features include Kilbourne Hole and Hunt's Hole, which are Maar volcanic craters 30 miles (50 km) west of the Franklin Mountains.

El Paso is located within the Chihuahuan Desert, the easternmost section of the Basin and Range Region.

Being in the westernmost tip of Texas, and due to the huge size of the state, El Paso is closer to four other state capitals (US and Mexican) than it is to its own capital of Austin, Texas (the other capitals being Phoenix, Arizona, Santa Fe, New Mexico, neighboring Mexican city Chihuahua (Chihuahua), and Hermosillo (Sonora)).

Areas

Downtown El Paso

• Central El Paso
  • Downtown El Paso
  • Sunset Heights
• East El Paso
  • Ysleta
• Far East El Paso-Montana Vista
• Mission Valley El Paso (Lower Valley and Ysleta, Texas)
• Northwest El Paso (Commonly known as West El Paso or Upper Valley)
• Northeast El Paso
• West Central El Paso

With the city limits, traditional suburban areas are located on the far eastern and western edges.

Texas suburbs outside the city

El Paso's Upper Valley near Canutillo, Texas.

• Anthony
• Canutillo
• Clint
• Fabens
• Homestead Meadows North
• Homestead Meadows South
• Horizon City
• Montana Vista
• San Elizario
• Socorro
• Sparks
• Vinton
• Tornillo
• Westway

New Mexico suburbs

Although Anthony, Sunland Park, and Chaparral lie adjacent to El Paso County, they are considered to be part of the Las Cruces, New Mexico, metropolitan area by the United States Census Bureau. Both metro areas do, however, share a large commuter population and media market.

Climate

Snow on Franklin Mountains and El Paso causes a closure of Woodrow Bean Transmountain Drive, which crosses the Franklins via Smuggler's Pass.

Snow on Franklin Mountains

El Paso has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh) with very hot summers, usually with little humidity, and mild, dry winters. Rainfall averages 9.4 in (240 mm) per year, much of which occurs during the summer from July through September, and is predominantly caused by the North American Monsoon. During this period, southerly and southeasterly winds carry moisture from the Pacific, the Gulf of California, and the Gulf of Mexico into the region. When this moisture moves into the El Paso area and places to the southwest, orographic lift from the mountains, combined with strong daytime heating, causes thunderstorms, some severe enough to produce flash flooding and hail, across the region.

The sun shines 302 days per year on average in El Paso, 83% of daylight hours, according to the National Weather Service; from this, the city is nicknamed "The Sun City". Due to its arid, windy climate, El Paso often experiences sand and dust storms during the dry season, particularly during the springtime between March and early May. With an average wind speed often exceeding 30 mph (50 km/h)^{[citation needed]} and gusts that have been measured at over 75 mph (120 km/h),^{[citation needed]} these wind storms kick up large amounts of sand and dust from the desert, causing loss of visibility.

El Paso, at 3,800 ft (1,200 m) elevation, is also capable of receiving snow; weather systems have produced over a foot of snow on several occasions. In 1980, three major snowstorms produced over a foot of snow; one in February, another in April and the last one in December, producing a white Christmas for the city.^{[citation needed]} A major snowstorm in December 1987 dumped over two ft (65 cm) of snow.

One example of El Paso's varying climate at its most extreme was the damaging winter storm of early February 2011, which caused closures of schools, businesses, and City Hall. The snow, which was light, stopped after about a day, but during the ensuing cold episode, municipal utilities went into a crisis. The high temperature on February 2, 2011 was 15 °F (−9 °C), the lowest daily maximum on record. In addition, the low temperature on February 3 was 1 °F (−17 °C), surpassing the 5 °F (−15 °C) set during the cold wave of 1899. Loss of desert vegetation, such as Mexican/California palm trees, oleanders, and iceplants to the cold weather was one of the results. Electric wires were broken, causing area blackouts. Many water utility pipes froze, causing areas of the city to be without water for several days. When the pipes thawed, water was unsafe to drink due to filtration systems not working, forcing schools to close again.^{[citation needed]}

Monthly means range from 44.8 °F (7.1 °C) in December to 82.8 °F (28.2 °C) in July, but high temperatures typically peak in June before the monsoon. On average, there are 52 nights of at- or below-freezing lows, 109 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs and 20 days of 100 °F (38 °C)+ highs annually; it is extremely rare for temperatures to stay below the freezing mark all day. The city's record high is 114 °F (46 °C), and its record low is −8 °F (−22 °C); the highest daily minimum was 85 °F (29 °C) on July 1 and 3, 1994, with weather records for the area maintained by the National Weather Service since 1879.

Flooding

Rio Grande in El Paso's upper valley.

Although the average annual rainfall is only about 9 in (225 mm), many parts of El Paso are subject to occasional flooding during intense summer monsoonal thunderstorms. In late July and early August 2006, over 15 in (380 mm) of rain fell in a week, overflowing all the flood-control reservoirs and causing major flooding city-wide. The city staff has estimated damage to public infrastructure at $21 million, and to private property (residential and commercial) as $77 million. Much of the damage was associated with development in recent decades in arroyos protected by flood-control dams and reservoirs, and the absence of any storm drain utility in the city to handle the flow of rain water.

Monthly statistics

Climate data for El Paso, Texas (El Paso Int'l), 1981–2010 normals
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	80 (27)	86 (30)	93 (34)	98 (37)	105 (41)	114 (46)	112 (44)	108 (42)	104 (40)	96 (36)	87 (31)	80 (27)	114 (46)
Average high °F (°C)	57.7 (14.3)	63.1 (17.3)	70.3 (21.3)	78.6 (25.9)	87.8 (31)	95.5 (35.3)	94.7 (34.8)	92.4 (33.6)	87.6 (30.9)	78.2 (25.7)	66.2 (19)	57.1 (13.9)	77.4 (25.2)
Average low °F (°C)	32.5 (0.3)	37.1 (2.8)	42.9 (6.1)	50.7 (10.4)	60.0 (15.6)	68.0 (20)	70.9 (21.6)	69.7 (20.9)	63.3 (17.4)	52.0 (11.1)	40.1 (4.5)	32.5 (0.3)	51.6 (10.9)
Record low °F (°C)	−8 (−22)	1 (−17)	14 (−10)	23 (−5)	31 (−1)	46 (8)	56 (13)	52 (11)	41 (5)	25 (−4)	1 (−17)	−5 (−21)	−8 (−22)
Precipitation inches (mm)	.40 (10.2)	.46 (11.7)	.26 (6.6)	.23 (5.8)	.46 (11.7)	.94 (23.9)	1.55 (39.4)	2.01 (51.1)	1.51 (38.4)	.61 (15.5)	.49 (12.4)	.77 (19.6)	9.69 (246.3)
Snowfall inches (cm)	0.8 (2)	0.5 (1.3)	0.2 (0.5)	0.6 (1.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.6 (1.5)	2.2 (5.6)	4.9 (12.4)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	3.8	3.4	2.4	1.9	2.7	3.9	8.3	8.7	6.3	4.7	3.0	3.9	53
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.2	0.8	2.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours	254.2	265.6	325.5	348.0	384.4	384.0	359.6	334.8	303.0	297.6	258.0	244.9	3,759.6
Source #1: NOAA (extremes 1879–present), The Weather Channel (extremes),
Source #2: HKO (sun only, 1961–1990)

Tallest buildings

Wells Fargo Plaza

Plaza Hotel

See also: List of tallest buildings in El Paso

Rank	Building	Height	Floors	Built
1	Wells Fargo Plaza	296 ft (90 m)	21
2	Chase Tower	250 ft (76 m)	20
3	Plaza Hotel	239 ft (73 m)	19
4	Kayser Building	232 ft (71 m)	20
5	El Paso Natural Gas Company Building	208 ft (63 m)	18
6	Camino Real Hotel	205 ft (62 m)	17
7	Doubletree Hotel	202 ft (62 m)	17
8	O. T. Bassett Tower	196 ft (60 m)	15
9	El Paso County Courthouse	185 ft (56 m)	13
10	Anson Mills Building	145 ft (44 m)	12

El Paso's tallest building, the Wells Fargo Plaza, was built in the early 1970s as State National Plaza. The black-windowed, 296-foot (90 m) building is famous for its 13 white horizonal lights (18 lights per row on the east and west sides of the building, and seven bulbs per row on the north and south sides) that were lit at night. The tower did use a design of the United States flag during the July 4 holidays, as well as the American hostage crisis of 1980, and was lit continuously following the September 11 attacks in 2001 until around 2006. During the Christmas holidays, a design of a Christmas tree was used, and at times, the letters "UTEP" were used to support University of Texas at El Paso athletics. The tower is now only lit during the holiday months, or when special events take place in the city.

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1850	200	—
1858	300	+50.0%
1860	428	+42.7%
1872	731	+70.8%
1873	764	+4.5%
1878	173	−77.4%
1880	736	+325.4%
1890	10,338	+1304.6%
1900	15,906	+53.9%
1910	39,279	+146.9%
1920	77,560	+97.5%
1930	102,421	+32.1%
1940	96,810	−5.5%
1950	130,003	+34.3%
1960	276,687	+112.8%
1970	339,615	+22.7%
1980	425,259	+25.2%
1990	515,342	+21.2%
2000	563,662	+9.4%
2010	649,121	+15.2%
Est. 2011	665,568	+2.5%
U.S. Decennial Census Texas Almanac: 1850–2000 2011 Estimate El Paso 1850 to 2006 TX State Historical Association

El Paso has historically been predominantly Hispanic. In the 1870s, a population of 23 non-Hispanic whites and 150 Hispanics was reported. In 1916, the Census Bureau reported El Paso's population as 53% Hispanic and 44% non-Hispanic white.

According to the 2010 US Census, the racial composition of El Paso was:

• Whites - 80.84%
• Black or African American - 3.39%
• Native American - 0.73%
• Asian: 1.18%
• Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander - 0.14%
• Two or more races - 3.34%

Ethnically, the city was:

• Hispanic or Latino (of any race) - 86.62%
• Non-Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) - 13.38%

As of the census of 2010, 649,121 people, 216,694 households, and 131,104 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,263.0 people per square mile (873.7/km²). There were 227,605 housing units at an average density of 777.5 per square mile (300.2/km²).

Of the 182,063 households, 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were not families. About 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07 and the average family size was 3.54.

In the city, the population was distributed as 31.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,124, and for a family was $35,432. Males had a median income of $28,989 versus $21,540 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,388. About 19.0% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.8% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

According to the 2006 United States Census Bureau estimates, the El Paso metropolitan area had a population of 736,310. In 2010, and again in 2011, CQ Press ranked El Paso safest city in the U.S. with a population over 500,000.

In 2010, many Mexicans fleeing drug violence in Ciudad Juárez settled in El Paso. Benjamin Sáenz, a novelist and a literature professor at the University of Texas at El Paso, said during that year that El Paso was "becoming a lot more Mexican and a lot less Chicano."

The Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo

The Ysleta Mission, located in the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo within the municipality of El Paso

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Nation, with its own governing body, lies between the cities of El Paso and Socorro. It is one of three federally recognized Indian tribes in Texas.

The Tigua Indians have been at their present location since a successful Pueblo Revolt of 1680 that forced the Spaniards and New Spaniards (future Mexicans) to retreat south to present-day Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua and El Paso. The tribe is led by a governor and a tribal council. Elections for tribal governor and tribal council are held annually. Frank Paz, the current governor, is serving his second consecutive term.

Government

Municipal

The city government is officially nonpartisan. Mayors and city council members may not serve for more than 10 years in their respective offices.

The city operates under a council-manager form of government, which combines the strong political leadership of elected officials, in the form of eight council members, with the strong managerial experience of an appointed local government manager. All power is concentrated in the elected council, which hires a professionally trained manager to carry out its directives and oversee the delivery of public services. Joyce Wilson was selected by the city council in 2004 as El Paso's first city manager.

The current mayor of El Paso is John Cook, who defeated Mayor Joe Wardy in 2005 and was re-elected in 2009. Oscar Leeser was elected mayor in 2013, to succeed Cook. He will be sworn in June 23.

The current members of the El Paso City Council, who are elected every four years to staggered terms, are Emma Acosta (District 3; East Central), Susie Byrd (District 2; West Central), Steve Ortega (District 7; Mid Valley), and Carl Robinson (District 4; Northeast), whose terms will end in 2013, and Eddie Holguin (District 6; East Valley), Cortney Niland (District 8; Southside), Ann Lilly (District 1; Westside), and Dr. Michiel Noe (District 5; Eastside), whose terms will end in 2015. Mayor Cook's term will end in 2013.

Lilly, Byrd, Ortega, and Holguin have been on the council since 2005. Acosta has been on the council since 2008, Robinson since 2009, and Niland and Noe since 2011. Due to the term limits clause of the city charter, several council members were not eligible to run for re-election in 2013: Byrd, Ortega, and Mayor Cook. Holguin and Lilly are not eligible to run for re-election in 2015, and Acosta and Robinson are not eligible to run for re-election in 2017.

Acosta and Robinson were re-elected in 2013. Larry Romero won Byrd's seat and Lily Limon won Ortega's seat. Limon and Romero will begin their terms in June 2013.

Municipal elections are currently held in May in odd-numbered years, but a voter-approved charter amendment will change this to November in even-numbered years, beginning in 2018.

Law enforcement is provided by the El Paso Police Department, of which Greg Allen is the current chief.

El Paso County

The El Paso County judge is Democrat Veronica Escobar, and the county commissioners are Democrats Carlos Leon (Precinct 1), Sergio Lewis (Precinct 2), Vince Perez (Precinct 3), and Republican Dan Haggerty (Precinct 4). Haggerty was first elected to his position in 1994, and has been in office since 1995. Escobar and Lewis were first elected to their positions in 2010, and have been in office since 2011. Leon and Perez were first elected to their positions in 2012, and have been in office since 2013.

The El Paso County Sheriff is Richard Wiles, Democrat, since 2009.

State

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the El Paso I District Parole Office in the city. The El Paso II District Parole Office is in an unincorporated area east of Horizon City.

Texas Legislature

El Paso City and County vote overwhelmingly Democratic, like most of the Texas–Mexico border area and urban Texas. The El Paso metropolitan area is represented in the Texas State House by Democrats Marisa Marquez, Naomi Gonzalez, Joe Pickett, Mary Gonzalez, and Joe Moody, and in the State Senate by José R. Rodríguez (D-El Paso).

Federal

Albert Armendariz, Sr. U.S. Courthouse

The El Paso metropolitan area is represented by Beto O'Rourke (D-El Paso), and Democrat Pete Gallego (D-San Antonio) in the House of Representatives. The current US Senators for Texas are Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and John Cornyn (R-Texas).

Street scene in Downtown El Paso, San Jacinto plaza, the public square, once home to live alligators

Economy

More than 70 Fortune 500 companies have offices in El Paso, including Hoover, Eureka, Boeing, and Delphi.

El Paso is an important entry point to the US from Mexico. Once a major copper-refining area, chief manufacturing industries in El Paso now include food production, clothing, construction materials, electronic and medical equipment, and plastics. Cotton, fruit, vegetables, livestock, and pecans are produced in the area. With El Paso's climate and natural beauty, tourism has become a booming industry, as well as trade with neighboring Ciudad Juárez.

Helen of Troy corporate office

El Paso is the operational headquarters of Helen of Troy Limited, a NASDAQ-listed company that manufactures personal health care products under many labels, such as OXO, Dr. Scholl's, Vidal Sassoon, and Sunbeam, among others. Also headquartered in El Paso is Western Refining, listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

Until 1996, El Paso was home to El Paso Natural Gas Company. It is now in Houston, Texas under the name El Paso Corporation. Farah Clothing Company was also headquartered in El Paso until 1998, when Farah, along with other clothing manufacturing companies such as Levi's, moved their plants in search of cheaper labor. In the 1980s, El Paso was known as the blue jeans capital of the world because it produced over 2 million pair of jeans every week from different jean companies. As of 2006, the only remaining companies in the clothing industry are Wrangler and the smaller company Border Apparel.^{[citation needed]}

Fort Bliss is a major contributor to El Paso's economy. The fort began as a cavalry post in 1848. Today, Fort Bliss is the site of the United States Army's Air Defense Artillery Center, and produces about $80 million in products and services annually, with about $60 million of those products and services purchased locally. Fort Bliss' total economic impact on the area has been estimated at more than $1 billion, with 12,000 soldiers currently stationed there. During the 2005 round of Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC), Fort Bliss came out an enormous winner. By 2013, BRAC growth is expected to add almost 28,000 new troops, 16,000 new spouses, and 21,000 new children to the El Paso community. The growth is expected to create a strong economic ripple throughout the El Paso area. With the growth in Fort Bliss, the economy is expected to profit by $5 billion each year after 2012.

In addition to the military, the federal government has a strong presence in El Paso to manage its status and unique issues as a border region. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Drug Enforcement Administration, Customs and Border Protection, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation all have agency operations in El Paso to regulate traffic and goods through ports of entry from Mexico.

Many small businesses have arisen to meet the needs of the growth of Fort Bliss, including automotive, food, and retail clothing companies. More specialized companies have emerged which are related directly to the military itself, including (but not limited to) flag and guidon manufacturers and tailoring and uniform companies

Education is also a driving force in El Paso's economy. El Paso's three large school districts are among the largest employers in the area, employing more than 19,000 people among them. The UTEP has an annual budget of nearly $250 million and employs nearly 3,600 people. A 2002 study by the university's Institute for Policy and Economic Development stated the University's impact on local businesses is $349 million annually.

ADP business solutions center

Call center operations make up seven of the top 10 business employers in El Paso. With no signs of growth slowing in this industry, in 2005, the 14 largest call centers in El Paso employed more than 10,000 people. The largest of these in terms of employees are EchoStar, MCI/GC Services, and West Telemarketing. More recently, Automatic Data Processing has opened a business solutions center in West El Paso, employing over 1000 people.

Items and goods produced include petroleum, metals, medical devices, plastics, machinery, automotive parts, food, defense-related goods, tourism, and boots.

Top employers

According to El Paso's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

#	Employer	# of Employees
1	Fort Bliss	13,000
2	El Paso Independent School District	10,000
3	Ysleta Independent School District	7,849
4	City of El Paso	6,272
5	Socorro Independent School District	6,122
6	T&T Staff	5,182
7	University of Texas at El Paso	5,081
8	El Paso Community College	4,585
9	Walmart	4,080
10	El Paso County	2,847

Sports

Major league teams

El Paso does not have any major league sports teams at present. El Paso is the third most populated city without a major sports team (NBA basketball, MLB baseball, NFL football, NHL hockey, MLS soccer) in the United States.

El Paso hosts the annual NCAA Hyundai Sun Bowl.

Minor league teams

On September 18, 2012, the City Council voted to approve the demolition of the current city hall to make way for a new Triple-A baseball stadium, to be the new home of the Tucson Padres (San Diego Padres affiliate) beginning the 2014 season. The team was recently purchased by Mountainstar Sports Group of El Paso.

Sports

Club	Sport	League	Stadium
El Paso Diablos	Baseball	American Association of Independent Professional Baseball (South Division)	Cohen Stadium
El Paso Patriots	Soccer	USL Premier Development League	Patriot Stadium
El Paso Rhinos	Ice Hockey	Western States Hockey League	El Paso County Coliseum
UTEP Miners	Division I	Conference USA	Don Haskins Center

Arenas

Aerial view of Sun Bowl Stadium

UTEP basketball game at the Don Haskins Center

UTEP owns the two largest stadiums in El Paso:

• Sun Bowl Stadium, capacity 51,500, is home to the UTEP Miners football team, coached by Sean Kugler. It is also home to the annual Sun Bowl, soccer games, and special events such as concerts.
• Don Haskins Center, capacity 12,000, is used for UTEP's basketball teams and special events such as concerts and boxing matches. It also hosts the graduation ceremonies for UTEP students.

Cohen Stadium

Other arenas in El Paso include:

• The 9,000-seat AAA baseball stadium under construction downtown is not yet named.
• Cohen Stadium, capacity 9,725, is used primarily for the El Paso Diablos Independent baseball club. It also hosts concerts and boxing matches and is able to host soccer games, as well.
• El Paso County Coliseum has a capacity of 5,250. It is currently used primarily for special events such as concerts, wrestling matches, and others. It can also be used for hockey and arena football.
• Memorial Gym is a 5,000-seat multipurpose arena located on the UTEP campus. It was home to the Miners basketball teams until the Don Haskins Center, then known as the Special Events Center, opened in 1976.
• Patriot Stadium has a capacity of around 3,000, and is solely used for the Chivas El Paso Patriots soccer club.
• Sierra Providence Events Center at the El Paso County Coliseum complex

Education

Public school districts

The city of El Paso is served by these main school districts:

• El Paso Independent School District
• Ysleta Independent School District
• Socorro Independent School District
• Canutillo Independent School District

Nearby areas are served by:

• Anthony Independent School District
• Clint Independent School District
• Fabens Independent School District
• Gadsden Independent School District (in New Mexico)
• San Elizario Independent School District
• Tornillo Independent School District

Colleges and universities

Two-year and vocational colleges

• El Paso Community College
• Vista College – Computer Career Center
• International Business College
• Western Technical College
• Kaplan College
• Southwest University
• Anamarc
• Doña Ana Branch Community College with campuses in Sunland Park and Anthony, New Mexico, with a new campus in Chaparral, New Mexico: This college is a part of the New Mexico State University system.

Four-year colleges and satellite campuses

University of Texas at El Paso

• University of Texas at El Paso, or UTEP
• Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Campus
• Texas Tech College of Architecture at El Paso
• University of Phoenix-Santa Teresa, NM Campus
• Park University
• Webster University

Medical school

Paul L. Foster School of Medicine

The Paul L. Foster School of Medicine is a medical school in El Paso at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. It is the 9th medical school in the state of Texas, and is the first one to open in almost four decades.

Private and parochial schools

Several parochial schools are within the Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso:

• Primary schools:
  • Father Yermo Primary School
  • Loretto Academy Primary School
  • Most Holy Trinity Catholic School
  • Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic School
  • Our Lady of the Valley Catholic School
  • St. Joseph's Catholic School
  • St. Matthew's Catholic School
  • St. Patrick Cathedral School
  • St. Pius X Catholic School
  • St. Raphael Catholic School
• Secondary schools:
  • Cathedral High School
  • Father Yermo High School
  • Loretto Academy

Other private schools include:

• Bethel Christian School
• Bridges Academy
• Covenant Christian Academy
• Community of Faith Christian School
• El Paso Adventist Junior Academy
• El Paso Country Day School
• El Paso Jewish Academy
• Faith Christian Academy
• Jesus Chapel School
• Immanuel Christian School
• Journey Academy
• Lydia Patterson Institute
• Mount Franklin Christian Academy
• Northeast Christian Academy
• North Loop Christian Academy
• Palm Tree Academy
• Radford School
• Rose of Sharon Academy
• St. Clement's Parish School
• Trinity Lutheran Church and School

Public libraries

El Paso Public Library's main branch downtown

The El Paso Public Library serves the needs the public in El Paso, Texas, Chaparral, New Mexico, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. It consists of 13 branches and one bookmobile service. Multiple outreach services are also available, including a homebound service.

Hospitals

El Paso Children's Hospital at University Medical Center

• Del Sol Medical Center
• El Paso Children's Hospital
• Las Palmas – Del Sol Rehabilitation Hospital
• Las Palmas Medical Center
• Horizon Specialty Hospital
• University Medical Center- The city's general hospital and the only Level I trauma center in the area (Formerly Thomason Hospital)
• Rio Vista Rehabilitation Hospital
• Sierra Medical Center
• Southwestern General Hospital
• William Beaumont Army Medical Center
• Providence Memorial Hospital
• Providence Memorial Children's Hospital
• Physicians Hospital
• Highlands Regional Rehabilitation Hospital
• Sierra Providence East Medical Center
• Fort Bliss Replacement Hospital - expected opening date 2017

Points of interest

Area museums

• The Centennial Museum and Chihuahuan Desert Gardens, located on the grounds of UTEP, includes a comprehensive collection of El Paso Brown, Native American pottery, as well as educational exhibits for students.

El Paso Museum of Archaeology, diorama shows Cueva de la Olla (cave of the pot – a large pot-shaped storage container for grain), Paquimé, Sierra Madre of Chihuahua

• The El Paso Museum of Archaeology is located on the eastern slope of North Franklin Mountain. Its grounds include native plants of the American Southwest, as well samples of Native American shelters, in an unspoiled location. The museum includes dioramas for school children which illustrate the culture and geology of the American Southwest, such as Hueco Tanks in El Paso County. One diorama (see image to the right) is of the Cueva de la Olla (cave of the pot) which is located in the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, an example of the Paquimé culture.
• The El Paso Museum of Art is located next to the Plaza Theater next to San Jacinto Plaza, the public square downtown. It contains works of southwestern artists such as Tom Lea.
• El Paso Museum of History
• Fort Bliss Museums and Study Center
• Insights El Paso Science Museum
• The Magoffin Homestead, dating from 1875, is now a state historic site.
• The National Border Patrol Museum is located adjacent to the El Paso Museum of Archaeology.
• Railroad and Transportation Museum of El Paso
• War Eagles Air Museum, Santa Teresa, New Mexico
• Gene Roddenberry Planetarium
• El Paso Holocaust Museum and Study Center
• Lynx Exhibits

Theaters

The Cathedral of Saint Patrick is the mother church of the Diocese of El Paso.

• The Abraham Chavez Theatre, adjacent to the El Paso Convention and Performing Arts Center, welcomes patrons with a three-story-high glass-windowed entry and unique sombrero-shaped architecture, making it a distinct feature on El Paso's southwestern landscape.

The Plaza Theatre

• The Plaza Theatre is a historic building located at 125 Pioneer Plaza. The theater stands as one of the city's most well-known landmarks. It shows various Broadway productions, musical concerts, and individual performers. It has a seating capacity of 2,100.
• McKelligon Canyon is a 90-acre (360,000 m²) park, located in the Franklin Mountains, open to hikers and picnickers. In the canyon, McKelligon Canyon Amphitheatre is surrounded on three sides by dramatic canyon walls; the 1,500-seat amphitheatre is used for concerts and special events, such as Viva El Paso!
• El Paso Playhouse is a theater affiliated with Kids-N-Co, a theater for child actors.

Sites within the city limits

View north from the North Franklin Mountain Summit at Franklin Mountains State Park.

Hueco Tanks State Historic Site

• Chamizal National Memorial
• El Paso Zoo
• Fort Bliss
• Franklin Mountains State Park
• Hueco Tanks State Historic Site
• Cathedral of Saint Patrick
• El Paso High School
• Magoffin Home State Historic Site
• Plaza Hotel
• Union Depot
• University of Texas at El Paso
• Wyler Aerial Tramway
• Ysleta Mission
• Rio Bosque Wetland Park

Transportation

Hotel Bristol and the Union Depot at El Paso, Texas (postcard, circa 1912)

El Paso is served by El Paso International Airport, Amtrak via the historic Union Depot, Interstate 10, US Highway 54 (known locally as "54", the "North-South Freeway" or officially as the Patriot Freeway), Spur 601 (Liberty Expressway), US Highway 180 and US Highway 62 (Montana Avenue), US Highway 85 (Paisano Drive), Loop 375, Loop 478 (Copia Street-Pershing Drive-Dyer Street), numerous Texas Farm-to-Market roads (a class of state highway commonly abbreviated to FM) and the city's original thoroughfare, State Highway 20, the eastern portion of which is known locally as Alameda Avenue (formerly US Highway 80). Texas 20 also includes portions of Texas Avenue in central El Paso, Mesa Street from Downtown to the West Side, and Doniphan Drive on the West Side. Northeast El Paso is connected to West El Paso by Transmountain Road(Loop 375). The city also shares four international bridges and one railbridge with Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. In 2009, El Paso was home to number 52, number 98, and number 100 of the 100 most congested roads in Texas, which are, respectively: North Zaragoza Road between Sun Fire Boulevard and Interstate 10; Lee Trevino Drive between Montana Avenue and Interstate 10; and Interstate 10 between Patriot Freeway and Loop 375.

Airports

Airport Security Concourse at the El Paso International Airport

• El Paso International Airport

El Paso International Airport, a public airport four miles northeast of downtown El Paso, has 15 gates on two concourses and is served by eight airlines and 10 direct destinations. Public transportation to and from the airport is Sun Metro bus #33 and #50. In 2010, there were 3,065,393 commercial passengers.

• Horizon Airport

Passenger rail

• Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, serves El Paso at the Union Depot, operating its Sunset Limited three times weekly between New Orleans and Los Angeles.

Major highways

Construction of the IH10-Loop 375 America's Interchange

• Interstate 10: The primary thoroughfare through the city, connecting the city with other major US cities such as Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, San Antonio, Houston, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport and Mobile, with the east end located in Jacksonville, Florida. I-10 is also a connector to Interstate 25, which connects with the cities of Albuquerque, Santa Fe Colorado Springs, Denver, Fort Collins, Cheyenne, Casper, and north to the junction with I-90, located in Buffalo, Wyoming.
• US Highway 54: Officially called the Patriot Freeway, it is also known as the North-South Freeway. A business route runs along Dyer Street, the former US 54, from the freeway near Fort Bliss to the Texas–New Mexico border, where it again rejoins the expressway. The original US 54 was a transcontinental route connecting El Paso with Chicago.
• US Highway 62: Santa Fe Street south of Paisano Drive concurrently runs with US 85, Paisano Drive east of Santa Fe Street to Montana Avenue, then Montana Avenue concurrently with US 180.
• US Highway 85: Santa Fe Street south of Paisano Drive concurrently runs with US 62 and Paisano Drive west of Santa Fe Street to I-10.
• US Highway 180: Montana Avenue is a bypass route to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex to the east, and Flagstaff, Arizona to the west.
• SH 20 Alameda Avenue (formerly US 80), Texas Avenue, Mesa Street and Doniphan Drive
• SH 178 Artcraft Road in northwest El Paso extends from Interstate 10 west to the New Mexico state line, at which point it becomes New Mexico Highway 136, the Pete V. Domenici International Highway.
• Loop 375: Texas Highway Loop 375 encircles the city of El Paso. Between Interstate 10 and Fort Bliss, including the stretch that crosses the Franklin Mountains via Smuggler's Pass, it is TransMountain Road. In the Ft. Bliss Military Reservation between northeast and east El Paso, it is officially the Purple Heart Memorial Highway. In east El Paso, the north- and south-bound sections are known as Joe Battle Boulevard, or simply as "the Loop". South of I-10, in the east and westbound portion, it is known as the Cesar Chavez Border Highway, a four-lane expressway which is located along the US-Mexico border between downtown El Paso and the Ysleta area.
• Loop 478: Copia Street, Pershing Drive and Dyer Street
• Spur 601: Once known as the Inner Loop, it was officially named the Liberty Expressway by the El Paso City Council in April 2010 at the request of then Fort Bliss commander Maj. Gen. Howard Bromberg. It was fully completed on April 27, 2011; it connects the Patriot Freeway (US 54) and Biggs Army Airfield to the Purple Heart Memorial Highway (Loop 375).
• North Loop Road, as well as Delta Drive between North Loop Road and Alameda Avenue (Texas Highway 20)
• Zaragoza Road, running more or less north from the Ysleta International Bridge to US 62–180 (Montana Avenue), it lies mostly in east El Paso.
• A portion of Clark Drive from Alameda Avenue (Texas Highway 20) north to Trowbridge Drive in south-central El Paso
• McRae Boulevard, running north from Interstate 10 to US 62–180 (Montana Avenue) in east El Paso.
• Texas Farm Road 2529 includes Stan Roberts Avenue and McCombs Street between Dyer Street and Stan Roberts Avenue in northeast El Paso.
• Running east from McCombs Street (Texas Farm Road 2529) in far Northeast El Paso, it does not have a city street name.
• Texas Farm Road 3255 runs north from US 54 to the New Mexico state line in northeast El Paso and bears the city street name Martin Luther King Boulevard.

Mass transit

The Sun Metro Mass Transit System operates a system of medium- to large-capacity natural gas-powered buses all around the city of El Paso.

El Paso County Transit makes trips with small-capacity buses mainly in the eastern El Paso area.

On September 1, 2009, NMDOT Park and Ride began operating commuter bus service to and from Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Historically, El Paso and Ciudad Juarez had a shared streetcar system with a peak electrified route mileage of 64 miles (103 km) in 1920. The first electrified line across the Rio Grande, which opened on January 11, 1902, was preceded by a network that relied on animal labor. The system quickly spread into residential and industrial areas of El Paso. In 1913, a 12-mile (19 km) interurban line was built to Ysleta. At the close of 1943, the holding company El Paso Electric sold its subsidiary, the El Paso Electric Railway Company and its Mexican counterpart, to one of National City Lines' subsidiaries. This resulted in the formation of El Paso City Lines, whose domestic streetcar lines were replaced by buses in 1947. The international streetcar line which crossed the border via the Stanton Street Bridge continued to operate until 1973. In 1977, El Paso City Lines and two other bus companies were bought by the municipality and merged to form Sun City Area Transit (SCAT). In 1987, SCAT restyled itself Sun Metro.

In 2011, Sun Metro was named the most outstanding public transit system of the year in all of North America for a mid-size transit system by the American Public Transportation Association.

Walkability

A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked El Paso as the 44th most walkable of 50 largest US cities.

International border crossings

The first bridge to cross the Rio Grande at El Paso del Norte was built in the time of Nueva España, over 250 years ago, from wood hauled in from Santa Fe. Today, this bridge is honored by the modern Santa Fe Street Bridge, and Santa Fe Street in downtown El Paso.

Several bridges serve the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez area in addition to the Santa Fe Street Bridge, including the Bridge of the Americas, Stanton Street Bridge, and the Zaragoza Bridge.

There is also a land crossing at nearby Santa Teresa, New Mexico, and the Fabens-Caseta International Bridge in nearby Fabens, Texas.

Media

Newspapers

The main newspapers are the English-language daily El Paso Times, founded in 1881; the Spanish-language daily El Diario de El Paso, and the Spanish-language online publication La Polaka. The now-defunct El Paso Herald Post was also founded in 1881 as the El Paso Herald, which then merged with the El Paso Post in 1931. The paper was shut down in 1997.

Radio stations

Radio stations from Las Cruces, New Mexico, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, can also be heard within the El Paso market.

Television

El Paso was the largest city in the United States without a PBS television station within the city limits until 1978. El Paso viewers had to watch channel 22, KRWG, from Las Cruces until 1978. In fact, the city had only three English-speaking channels and two Spanish-language channels (channel 2 and channel 5) from Juarez, and cable TV subscribers in the 1970s and 1980s could receive four Los Angeles independent channels: KTLA, KHJ, KTTV and KCOP. Over time, as more television stations signed on and more cable channels were added (and the internet expanded), the L.A. stations would disappear from the lineup. The last to be removed was KTLA in the fall of 2006, when KVIA-TV opened its own CW station.

El Paso's current television stations are as shown in the table below:

Cellular phone coverage

KTSM-TV reports that cellular phone users in El Paso are subject to international calling fees (unless they disable roaming with their cellular phone providers).

In popular culture

See also: List of people from El Paso, Texas

• "El Paso" by Marty Robbins was a popular Country ballad released in 1959. Robbins followed it up with a sequel, "El Paso City", in 1976.
• Fleetwood Mac held their first concert that featured Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham in El Paso in 1975. Stevie Nicks attended Loretto Academy and Bassett Junior High in El Paso as a teenager.
• "Take The Money and Run" – a hit song by the Steve Miller Band – tells the story of two bandits who "go down to old El Paso" and "ran into a great big hassle."
• The current Blue Beetle comic book series takes place in El Paso.
• El Paso has become a favored destination for musicians of all stripes. See Vanity Fair's March 2009 article.
• In Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2, the penultimate mission is set in El Paso.
• The Chinga Chavin song "Asshole From El Paso" (most famously recorded by Kinky Friedman), a parody of Merle Haggard's "Okie from Muskogee", mentions El Paso in both the lyrics and the title.
• American artist Tori Amos references El Paso in her song, "Mother Revolution", featured on 2005's The Beekeeper.
• In the film For a Few Dollars More, a bank in El Paso is robbed.
• In the second season of Breaking Bad, DEA Agent Hank Schrader is transferred from his office in Albuquerque to the headquarters in El Paso.
• In the films Kill Bill and Kill Bill: Vol. 2, the Two Pines Wedding Chapel massacre is in El Paso.
• In the film Django Unchained, Dr. King Schultz kills the El Paso Sheriff who in reality is an outlaw.
• In the film No Country for Old Men, Llewelyn Moss is killed in an El Paso motel as he tried to rendezvous with his wife and get her out of harm's way.
• In the film Due Date, Peter and Ethan accidentally cross into Mexico from El Paso when Ethan mistakes the 'Mexico' sign at the border crossing for a 'Texaco' gas station.

Filmed in El Paso

• I'm Not Fat...I'm Fluffy (2009), starring Gabriel Iglesias, was shot at the Plaza Theater.
• In The Burning Plain (2009) starring Charlize Theron, one scene was shot on second floor at Southwest General Hospital.
• Stephen Fry in America (2008) documentary
• The Last Conquistador (2008), a PBS POV documentary about the Oñate statue controversy
• Glory Road (2006) starring Josh Lucas is set in El Paso.
• Man on Fire (2004) starring Denzel Washington and Dakota Fanning
• The Day After Tomorrow (2004) starring Dennis Quaid and Sela Ward
• Saving Jessica Lynch (2003) starring Laura Regan
• Kingpin (NBC pilot) (2003) starring Yancey Arias and Brian Benben
• The Original Latin Kings of Comedy (2002) featuring George Lopez, Cheech Marin, Joey Medina, Alex Reymundo and Paul Rodriguez was shot at the Abraham Chavez Theater.
• Traffic (2000) starring Benicio del Toro, Michael Douglas, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Dennis Quaid and Don Cheadle
• Committed (2000) starring Heather Graham
• On the Border (1998) starring Casper Van Dien, Bryan Brown, Daniel Baldwin
• Lolita (1997) starring Jeremy Irons and Melanie Griffith
• Last Man Standing (1996) starring Bruce Willis, Bruce Dern, Christopher Walken, and Karina Lombard
• Blue Sky (1994) starring Jessica Lange and Tommy Lee Jones
• Wild at Heart (1990) starring Nicolas Cage and Laura Dern
• Extreme Prejudice (1987) starring Nick Nolte and Powers Boothe.
• Lost in America (1985) starring Albert Brooks and Julie Hagerty
• Paris, Texas (1984) starring Harry Dean Stanton and Dean Stockwell
• Lone Wolf McQuade (1983) starring Chuck Norris and David Carradine
• Wrong is Right (1982) starring Sean Connery
• In The Border (1982), starring Jack Nicholson and Harvey Keitel, all the border scenes, Nicholson's character's house, the refugee camp scene, and the US Embassy scene were shot in and around El Paso.
• Resurrection (1980) starring Ellen Burstyn
• When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder? (1979) starring Hal Linden and Lee Grant
• Big Wednesday (1978) starring Jan Michael Vincent and Gary Busey
• The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977) starring William Devane
• The Getaway (1972) starring Steve McQueen and Ali MacGraw
• Manos: The Hands of Fate (1966), which is reputed to be one of the worst films ever made, was shot in and around El Paso. It premiered in 1966 at the downtown Capri Theater.
• Take the High Ground! (1953), starring Richard Widmark and Karl Malden

Sister cities

El Paso, Texas has these sister cities:

• – Chihuahua, México
• – Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
• – Mérida, Spain
• – Juárez, México
• – Torreón, México
• – Zacatecas, México

Sister Cities International lists no sister cities for El Paso on its website. This listing, then, is independent of SCI.

See also

• El Paso Holocaust Museum and Study Center
• List of museums in West Texas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in El Paso County, Texas

External links

• City of El Paso Website
• Chamber of Commerce Website
• El Paso Conventions and Visitors Bureau
• Forty years at El Paso, 1858–1898; recollections of war, politics, adventure, events, narratives, sketches, etc., by W. W. Mills, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• El Paso Metropolitan Planning Organization
• El Paso, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
• El Paso – The Best Little Music City in Texas, from Vanity Fair, March 2009.